RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Facial trauma constitutes a challenge in perioperative management, since this anatomical zone possesses com- plex vital structures such as important vessel and nerve bundles, as well as the beginning of the upper airway. That is why an injury in this region requires rapid and effective diagnosis and management since ventilation can be seriously compromised by airway obstruction, either due to the object of trauma, or inflammatory reaction and edema; bruises, burns, or direct breaka- ge. The vascular lesion can cause profuse bleeding, as well as aspiration of blood and fragments of tissues that were injured. Choosing the anesthesia technique is usually a challenge when a priori structures such as the mouth and nose are compromised. METHOD: A clinical case and bibliographic review are presented. CONCLUSION: Regional facial and neck anesthesia techniques together with adequate sedation are an alternative in the initial management of mild facial trauma.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El trauma facial constituye un reto en el manejo perioperatorio, ya que esta zona anatómica posee complejas estructuras vitales como paquetes vasculares y nerviosos, así como el inicio de la vía aérea superior. Es por ello que toda lesión en esta región requiere de un diagnóstico y manejo rápido y eficaz, puesto que la ventilación puede comprometerse gravemente por obstrucción de la vía aérea, ya sea por el objeto del trauma, reacción inflamatoria y edema; hematomas, quemaduras o rotura directa. La lesión vascular puede ocasionar sangrado profuso, así como aspiración de sangre y fragmentos de los tejidos que fueron lesionados. Elegir la técnica anestésica suele ser un reto cuando a priori estructuras como la boca y nariz se encuentran comprometidas. MÉTODO: Se presenta un caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica. CONCLUSIONES: Las técnicas de anestesia regional de cara y cuello junto a sedación adecuada son una alternativa en el manejo inicial del trauma facial leve.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Dexmedetomidina/administración & dosificación , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/etiología , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Bloqueo del Plexo Cervical , Remifentanilo/administración & dosificación , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Anestesia de Conducción , Mandíbula/inervaciónRESUMEN
The etiology of facial fractures is directly related to the studied country, varying according to the socioeconomic, cultural condition of the population, besides the period of investigation. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the prevalence, treatment modalities and complications rates of maxillofacial fractures in a hospital in the state of Espírito Santo, over a period of 5 years. A total of 428 patients presented a facial fracture, with a prevalence of males (436), with a mean age of 40 years. Regarding the number of fractures, 291 individuals suffered fractures only in the fixed skeleton, 97 only in the mandible, and 48 suffered fractures in both fixed and mandibular skeletons. The predominant anatomical site in fixed skeletal fractures was zygomatic complex (56.6 %), orbit (31.9 %) and nose (29.2 %); while in the mandible the condyle (33.8 %), body (17.9 %) and angle (13.1 %). The frequent etiology was falls, physical aggression, sports accidents. Regarding the type of treatment, in fixed skeleton 192 fractures were treated conservatively and 303 by surgery. Already in the mandible, the numbers were 43 and 143, respectively. In addition, 24 patients progressed with some type of complication in one or more operated sites. It is worth mentioning that epidemiological assessments provide important support in the creation of legislation in the attempt to reduce important for the establishment of clinical and research priorities, since risk factors and patterns of presentation can be identified. Accordingly in an attempt to reduce these rates.
La etiología de las fracturas faciales está directamente relacionada con el país estudiado, variando según la condición socioeconómica y cultural de la población, además del período de investigación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características epidemiológicas de la prevalencia, las modalidades de tratamiento y las tasas de complicaciones de las fracturas maxilofaciales en un hospital en el estado de Espírito Santo, durante un período de 5 años. Un total de 428 pacientes presentaron fractura facial, con una prevalencia de varones (436), con una edad media de 40 años. Con respecto al número de fracturas, 291 individuos sufrieron fracturas solo en el esqueleto fijo, 97 solo en la mandíbula y 48 sufrieron fracturas tanto en el esqueleto fijo como en el mandibular. El sitio anatómico predominante en las fracturas esqueléticas fijas fue el complejo cigomático (56,6 %), la órbita (31,9 %) y la nariz (29,2 %); mientras que en la mandíbula el cóndilo (33,8 %), el cuerpo (17,9 %) y el ángulo (13,1 %). La etiología frecuente fue caídas, agresión física, accidentes deportivos. En cuanto al tipo de tratamiento, en el esqueleto fijo se trataron 192 fracturas de forma conservadora y 303 mediante cirugía. Ya en la mandíbula, los números eran 43 y 143, respectivamente. Además, 24 pacientes progresaron con algún tipo de complicación en uno o más sitios operados. Cabe mencionar que las evaluaciones epidemiológicas brindan un apoyo importante en la creación de legislación en estos casos, para establecer prioridades clínicas y de investigación, debido a que se pueden identificar factores de riesgo y patrones de presentación. En consecuencia, en un intento de reducir estas tasas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Traumatismos Faciales/epidemiología , Accidentes por Caídas , Brasil/epidemiología , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , Agresión , Distribución por Edad y Sexo , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/etiología , Traumatismos Faciales/terapia , Traumatismos Mandibulares/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Músculos Faciales/fisiopatología , Debilidad Muscular/diagnóstico , Tétanos/diagnóstico , Trismo/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Parálisis de Bell/diagnóstico , Desbridamiento , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/uso terapéutico , Laceraciones/complicaciones , Laceraciones/terapia , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Debilidad Muscular/etiología , Debilidad Muscular/fisiopatología , Tétanos/etiología , Tétanos/fisiopatología , Tétanos/terapia , Toxoide Tetánico/uso terapéutico , Trismo/etiología , Trismo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Procedimentos de rejuvenescimento facial substitutos da cirurgia tradicional tornaram-se cada vez mais populares para promover uma aparência jovial com procedimentos minimamente invasivos, como toxina botulínica injetável, preenchimento de tecidos moles e peelings químicos. No entanto, complicações podem ocorrer mesmo na presença de um injetor habilidoso e experiente. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente submetida a reanimação labial estática usando retalho dermoadiposo para lesão do nervo facial direito após remoção de nódulos como complicação de preenchimento. A "abordagem modificada de bull horn" foi realizada para elevação do lábio superior em torno das asas nasais e columela e ao longo do sulco nasolabial direito. O retalho foi desepitelizado e obtido. Usando a ponta aberta de uma pequena cânula de lipoaspiração, a porção distal do retalho foi encapsulada e fixada diretamente em C-loop e foram utilizados pontos U, transfixando o retalho para o periósteo do arco zigomático. Nos três anos de seguimento não foram observadas complicações significativas e a paciente não relatou nenhuma limitação funcional ou insatisfação com o aspecto das cicatrizes no sulco nasolabial e ao redor das asas nasais e da columela.
Facial rejuvenation procedures to circumvent traditional surgery have become increasingly popular to promote a youthful appearance with minimally invasive procedures such as injectable botulinum toxin, soft-tissue fillers, and chemical peels. Nevertheless, complications can occur even with an astute and experienced injector. Here we present the case of a patient who underwent static lip reanimation using a dermoadiposal flap for right facial nerve damage following nodule removal as a filler complication. A "modified bulls horn approach" to the upper lip lift was performed around the nasal wings and columella and along the right nasolabial fold. The flap was de-epithelized and harvested. Using the open tip of a small liposuction cannula, the distal portion of the flap was tunneled and fixed directly in a C-loop fashion using U stitches, transfixing the flap to the periosteum of the zygomatic arch. At 3 years follow-up, no significant complications were observed, and the patient reported no functional limitations or dissatisfaction with the scars in the nasolabial fold or around the nasal wings and columella.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Historia del Siglo XXI , Rejuvenecimiento , Cirugía Plástica , Toxinas Botulínicas , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica , Cara , Traumatismos Faciales , Parálisis Facial , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Rellenos Dérmicos , Labio , Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Toxinas Botulínicas/análisis , Toxinas Botulínicas/efectos adversos , Toxinas Botulínicas/uso terapéutico , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/rehabilitación , Cara/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/rehabilitación , Parálisis Facial/cirugía , Parálisis Facial/complicaciones , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos/métodos , Rellenos Dérmicos/análisis , Rellenos Dérmicos/efectos adversos , Labio/anomalías , Labio/cirugíaRESUMEN
Introdução: As queimaduras constituem uma das lesões traumáticas mais graves e seu tratamento requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, em que o papel do cirurgião plástico é fundamental. Restabelecer a função de proteção da pele, mas também recuperar a estética da área, queimada são objetivos desafiadores que o cirurgião plástico procura atingir. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminino de 27 anos submetida a mastopexia com inclusão de implantes, em que se aproveitou a pele retirada da mama para realizar um enxerto de espessura total em região mandibular e submentoniana para tratamento de cicatriz. A paciente teve uma integração completa do enxerto, sem evidenciar-se áreas de epidermólise. Os resultados estéticos foram excelentes, conseguindo a satisfação da paciente e melhoria das áreas discrômicas e hipertróficas cicatriciais. Conclusão: O enxerto autólogo a partir da pele da mama constitui uma boa alternativa para o tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras em face, possibilitando ótimos resultados estéticos.
Introduction: Burns are one of the most severe traumatic injuries and their treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, where the role of the plastic surgeon is vital. The plastic surgeon is entrusted with the challenging goal of restoring the skin's protective function and simultaneously recovering the aesthetic aspect of the burnt area. Case report: A 27-year-old woman underwent a mastopexy with inclusion of implants, where the skin removed from the breast was used as a full-thickness graft in the mandibular and submental area for the treatment of a scar. The patient showed complete integration of the graft, and no areas of epidermolysis were observed. The aesthetic results were excellent, and the patient was completely satisfied; moreover, an improvement in the dyschromic and hypertrophic cicatricial areas was observed. Conclusion: An autologous graft using breast skin is a good alternative for the treatment of sequelae of burns on the face and provides excellent aesthetic results.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Apósitos Biológicos/efectos adversos , Quemaduras/cirugía , Quemaduras/fisiopatología , Cicatriz/complicaciones , Satisfacción del Paciente , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Cicatriz/cirugíaRESUMEN
Não é novidade para os cirurgiões plásticos, especialmente aos que se dedicam à cirurgia de face, que o nervo facial pode ser lesado virtualmente em qualquer cirurgia de ritidoplastia. Porém, apesar da importância contida nesse tema, não é tarefa simples encontrar na literatura artigos que abordem de forma objetiva a correlação entre lesão do nervo facial e cirurgia facial. Paralisias faciais, sejam elas completas ou não, podem se tornar situações potencialmente conflituosas na relação médicopaciente. Este artigo, portanto, visa propor de forma clara e sucinta, baseada na experiência dos autores, um guia de como evitar, identificar e tratar uma potencial lesão do nervo facial no contexto de uma cirurgia de face, em especial a ritidoplastia.
Is largely known that the facial nerve virtually can be injured in every facial lift. Even though its importance, it is difficult to find in the literature articles related to this theme. Complete or incomplete facial paralysis after a facial procedures, may become a very uncomfortable situation between the patient and the surgeon, that is why we propose in this article a guide which intends to help avoid, identify and manage a facial nerve injury in the event of a face lift. Identifying Facial palsy before the surgery: Intending to make the pre-op facial assessment as simple as possible, we suggest a systematic approach examination. Avoiding facial nerve injury during face lifting: Several technical details are discussed along the text aiming to minimize the risk of nerve damage during the surgical procedure. What to in the event of a post-operative facial palsy: The authors propose a logical approach to the facial palsy, suggesting a planning for diagnosis, classification of the lesion and a rational treatment for the injury. Conclusion: This article presents a guide showing some safe technical options to avoid nerve damage during rythidoplasty, how to identify the lesion and treat it if necessary.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/métodos , Ritidoplastia/efectos adversos , Ritidoplastia/métodos , Guía de Práctica Clínica , Cara/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Nervio Facial/cirugía , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodosRESUMEN
Introducción. El manejo inadecuado del dolor es frecuente en Urgencias. El objetivo fue analizar el manejo del dolor de niños con patología infecciosa o traumática del área facial/oral en Urgencias y evaluar el cumplimiento y satisfacción sobre la analgesia prescrita al momento del alta. Población y métodos. Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico en niños que acudieron a Urgencias con patología infecciosa/traumática de la región facial/oral durante 2 meses. Se recogieron el manejo del dolor en Urgencias, la analgesia prescrita para el domicilio y, tras el contacto telefónico con los padres, el tratamiento realizado y su adecuación al dolor del niño. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 252 pacientes (edad media de 4,5 años, desvío estándar 3,89). En 8,7%, figuraba la evaluación del dolor en triaje y, en 3,6%, en el informe médico. Se administró analgesia en Urgencias al 41,3%. Al momento del alta, en un 13,9%, no se prescribió analgesia; en 25,4%, se prescribió pautada y, en 60,3%, a demanda. Los pediatras usaron más analgesia pautada que los cirujanos (34,4% vs. 16,5%, p < 0,01). En el domicilio, no administraron analgesia en el 39,3%; en un 36,1%, pautada y, en un 23%, a demanda. Existió escasa correlación entre la pauta al momento del alta y la administrada en el domicilio (kappa: 0,178). Se consideró la analgesia adecuada en el 84%, con más frecuencia en patología traumática que infecciosa (85,7% vs. 14,3%, p < 0,01). Conclusiones. Se observó escasa evaluación y tratamiento del dolor en Urgencias. La prescripción más usada fue a demanda en vez de pautada, al contrario de lo recomendado en las guías. El control analgésico fue mejor en patología traumática que infecciosa.
Introduction. An inadequate pain management is common in the emergency department. Our objective was to analyze pain management among children with an orofacial infection or trauma in the emergency department and to assess compliance and satisfaction with analgesia prescribed at discharge. Population and methods. Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study in children attending the emergency department for an orofacial infection or trauma over 2 months. Pain management in the emergency department, analgesia prescribed at home and, following a call to parents, treatment provided and its adequacy to control pain were registered. Results. In total, 252patients (mean age: 4.5 years, SD: 3.89) were included. Pain assessment was recorded at the triage for 8.7%, and in the medical report, for 3.6%. Analgesia was administered to 41.3% in the emergency room. At discharge, no analgesia was prescribed to 13.9%; scheduled analgesia, to 25.4%; and as needed, to 60.3%. Pediatricians prescribed scheduled analgesia more frequently than surgeons (34.4% versus 16.5%, p < 0.01). At home, no analgesia was administered to 39.3%; scheduled analgesia, to 36.1%; and as needed, to 23%. There is little correlation between prescription at discharge and at home (Kappa: 0.178). Analgesia was considered adequate in 84% of cases, and was more frequent in trauma injuries than in infections (85.7% versus 14.3%, p < 0.01). Conclusions. Pain assessment and management was scarce in the emergency department. The most common prescription was as needed, contrary to what is recommended in the guidelines. Analgesic control worked better for trauma injuries than for infections.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Dolor Facial/terapia , Manejo del Dolor , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio , Analgesia , Padres , Alta del Paciente , Pediatría , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Facial/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Resultado del Tratamiento , Satisfacción del Paciente , Adhesión a Directriz , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Infecciones/complicacionesRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: An inadequate pain management is common in the emergency department. Our objective was to analyze pain management among children with an orofacial infection or trauma in the emergency department and to assess compliance and satisfaction with analgesia prescribed at discharge. POPULATION AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study in children attending the emergency department for an orofacial infection or trauma over 2 months. Pain management in the emergency department, analgesia prescribed at home and, following a call to parents, treatment provided and its adequacy to control pain were registered. RESULTS: In total, 252patients (mean age: 4.5 years, SD: 3.89) were included. Pain assessment was recorded at the triage for 8.7%, and in the medical report, for 3.6%. Analgesia was administered to 41.3% in the emergency room. At discharge, no analgesia was prescribed to 13.9%; scheduled analgesia, to 25.4%; and as needed, to 60.3%. Pediatricians prescribed scheduled analgesia more frequently than surgeons (34.4% versus 16.5%, p < 0.01). At home, no analgesia was administered to 39.3%; scheduled analgesia, to 36.1%; and as needed, to 23%. There is little correlation between prescription at discharge and at home (Kappa: 0.178). Analgesia was considered adequate in 84% of cases, and was more frequent in trauma injuries than in infections (85.7% versus 14.3%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Pain assessment and management was scarce in the emergency department. The most common prescription was as needed, contrary to what is recommended in the guidelines. Analgesic control worked better for trauma injuries than for infections.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El manejo inadecuado del dolor es frecuente en Urgencias. El objetivo fue analizar el manejo del dolor de niños con patología infecciosa o traumática del área facial/oral en Urgencias y evaluar el cumplimiento y satisfacción sobre la analgesia prescrita al momento del alta. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico en niños que acudieron a Urgencias con patología infecciosa/traumática de la región facial/oral durante 2 meses. Se recogieron el manejo del dolor en Urgencias, la analgesia prescrita para el domicilio y, tras el contacto telefónico con los padres, el tratamiento realizado y su adecuación al dolor del niño. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos 252 pacientes (edad media de 4,5 años, desvío estándar 3,89). En 8,7%, figuraba la evaluación del dolor en triaje y, en 3,6%, en el informe médico. Se administró analgesia en Urgencias al 41,3%. Al momento del alta, en un 13,9%, no se prescribió analgesia; en 25,4%, se prescribió pautada y, en 60,3%, a demanda. Los pediatras usaron más analgesia pautada que los cirujanos (34,4% vs. 16,5%, p < 0,01). En el domicilio, no administraron analgesia en el 39,3%; en un 36,1%, pautada y, en un 23%, a demanda. Existió escasa correlación entre la pauta al momento del alta y la administrada en el domicilio (kappa: 0,178). Se consideró la analgesia adecuada en el 84%, con más frecuencia en patología traumática que infecciosa (85,7% vs. 14,3%, p < 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: Se observó escasa evaluación y tratamiento del dolor en Urgencias. La prescripción más usada fue a demanda en vez de pautada, al contrario de lo recomendado en las guías. El control analgésico fue mejor en patología traumática que infecciosa.
Asunto(s)
Analgesia , Dolor Facial/terapia , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio , Manejo del Dolor , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Dolor Facial/etiología , Femenino , Adhesión a Directriz , Humanos , Infecciones/complicaciones , Masculino , Dimensión del Dolor , Padres , Alta del Paciente , Satisfacción del Paciente , Pediatría , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Direct muscle neurotization has been proved to be a feasible technique for facial reanimation microsurgical procedures. Direct muscle neurotization is performed by implanting the interposition nerve graft directly into the substance of the muscle. The authors present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with upper eyelid dysfunction secondary to facial trauma. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle was macroscopically unaffected; however, neurophysiological test proved a selective denervation of the CN III motor branch to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Direct muscle neurotization was performed by means of 2 separate nerve procedures. The authors have made follow-up for 3 months after surgery. The authors have noted development of upper eyelid movement meaning adequate function of the neurotized muscle. The authors believe that this procedure could be integrated into the surgical options to treat selective nerve injuries should the right patient is encountered.
Asunto(s)
Blefaroptosis/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Transferencia de Nervios , Músculos Oculomotores/inervación , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugía , Adulto , Blefaroptosis/etiología , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , MovimientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate factors associated with speech-language disorders in victims of motorcycle accidents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. Victims of motorcycle accidents studied were treated at Hospital da Restauração between June and July 2014. The data were collected by consulting the records and direct interviews with these, at admission and after discharge. For analysis were raised single frequencies, average and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The margin of error used in the statistical tests was 5%, and the intervals were obtained with 95% reliability. RESULTS: 99 individuals were studied, 90.9% male, the mean age of 32.7 years. It found a high percentage of 42.3% of drunk drivers and 51.5% were not enabled. The Head Injuries were present in 30.3% of cases. The most affected body area were the lower limbs (71.7%), followed by the head and face region (56.6%). It was also found that 30.3% had complaints of speech pathology after hospital discharge and a statistically significant association between speech therapy complaint and not enabled (p=0.012) and collisions between bikes (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: There was a high percentage of lesions in the head and face resulting from accidents, associated mainly not eligible to drive bike and collisions between motorcycles, suggesting that these factors can aggravate injuries speech therapy.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Trastornos del Lenguaje/etiología , Motocicletas , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Heridas y Lesiones/clasificación , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo Verificar fatores associados às alterações fonoaudiológicas em vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos. Método Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal. Foram estudadas vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos assistidas no Hospital da Restauração entre junho e julho de 2014. Os dados foram coletados através da consulta dos prontuários e entrevistas direta com esses acidentados, no momento da internação e após a alta hospitalar. Para análise, foram estudadas as frequências simples, média e teste Quiquadrado de Pearson ou o teste Exato de Fisher. A margem de erro utilizada nas decisões dos testes estatísticos foi de 5% e os intervalos de confiança foram obtidos com confiabilidade de 95%. Resultados Foram estudados 99 indivíduos, sendo 90,9% do gênero masculino, com idade média de 32,7 anos. Constatou-se um alto percentual de condutores alcoolizados (42,3%) e não habilitados (51,5%). Os traumatismos cranianos estavam presentes em 30,3% dos casos. As áreas corporais mais afetadas foram os membros inferiores (71,7%), seguidos da região da cabeça e face (56,6%). Depois da alta hospitalar, 30,3% referiram queixa de alterações fonoaudiológicas e essas mostraram uma associação estatisticamente significativa com não habilitados (p=0,012) e colisões entre motos (p=0,004). Conclusão Verificou-se alto percentual de lesões em região de cabeça e face decorrentes dos acidentes, associadas principalmente à não habilitação para conduzir moto e colisões entre motocicletas, sugerindo que tais fatores podem agravar as lesões fonoaudiológicas.
ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate factors associated with speech-language disorders in victims of motorcycle accidents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Victims of motorcycle accidents studied were treated at Hospital da Restauração between June and July 2014. The data were collected by consulting the records and direct interviews with these, at admission and after discharge. For analysis were raised single frequencies, average and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The margin of error used in the statistical tests was 5%, and the intervals were obtained with 95% reliability. Results 99 individuals were studied, 90.9% male, the mean age of 32.7 years. It found a high percentage of 42.3% of drunk drivers and 51.5% were not enabled. The Head Injuries were present in 30.3% of cases. The most affected body area were the lower limbs (71.7%), followed by the head and face region (56.6%). It was also found that 30.3% had complaints of speech pathology after hospital discharge and a statistically significant association between speech therapy complaint and not enabled (p=0.012) and collisions between bikes (p=0.004). Conclusion There was a high percentage of lesions in the head and face resulting from accidents, associated mainly not eligible to drive bike and collisions between motorcycles, suggesting that these factors can aggravate injuries speech therapy
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Motocicletas , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/complicaciones , Trastornos del Lenguaje/etiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Heridas y Lesiones/clasificación , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Brasil , Factores Sexuales , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios de Cohortes , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Facial fractures are commonly managed nonoperatively. Patients with facial fractures involving sinus cavities commonly receive 7 to 10 days of prophylactic antibiotics, yet no literature exists to support or refute this practice. The aim of this study was to compare the administration and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of soft tissue infection in nonoperative facial fractures. A total number of 289 patients who were admitted to our level I trauma center with nonoperative facial fractures from the beginning of 2012 to the end of 2014 were studied. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: no antibiotic prophylaxis, short-term antibiotic prophylaxis (1-5 days), and long-term antibiotic prophylaxis (>5 days). The primary outcome was the incidence of facial soft tissue infection and Clostridium difficile colitis. Fifty patients received no antibiotic prophylaxis. Sixty-three patients completed a short course of antibiotic prophylaxis and 176 patients received long-term antibiotics. Ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, or a combination of both were used in 216 patients. Twenty-three patients received clindamycin due to penicillin allergy. Short and long courses of antibiotic prophylaxis were administered more commonly in patients with concomitant maxillary and orbital fractures (Pâ<0.0001). No mortality was found in any group. Soft tissue infection was not identified in any patient. C. difficile colitis was identified in 1 patient who had received a long course of antibiotic prophylaxis (Pâ=â0.7246). There was no difference in the outcome of patients receiving short-term, long-term, and no antibiotic prophylaxis. Prospective randomized studies are needed to provide further clinical recommendations.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Profilaxis Antibiótica/estadística & datos numéricos , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Fracturas Craneales/complicaciones , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/etiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Background: Orbital floor fractures are a common finding in facial trauma and may be accompanied by medial orbital wall fracture in 7 to 53% of the cases. Isolated medial wall fractures are rare and usually asymptomatic, being detected as incidental findings. case report: We report a 75 years old female consultingin the emergency room due to a left orbital trauma. An orbital CAT scan identified a fracture of the medial orbit wall that did not require treatment.
Resumen Introducción: Las fracturas del suelo de la órbita son habituales en los traumatismos faciales y entre un 7 y un 53% de los casos se asocian con fracturas de la pared medial. Pero las fracturas aisladas de la pared medial son infrecuentes y la mayoría asintomáticas, siendo un hallazgo habitualmente incidental. Sin embargo, ciertos signos de alarma (limitación de la movilidad del recto medial, siendo habitual que aparezca de forma retardada por isquemia del músculo debido al atrapamiento) pueden plantear una cirugía urgente. Descripción del caso: Presentamos un caso de una paciente de 75 años que acude al Servicio de Urgencias de nuestro hospital remitida por médico de atención continuada por traumatismo sobre órbita izquierda. A la exploración presenta importante hematoma periorbitario y malar, sin alteraciones visuales. En TC orbitaria se identifica fractura de la pared medial de la órbita que, en ausencia de clínica acompañante, no requiere tratamiento alguno.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Fracturas Orbitales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Hueso Etmoides/lesiones , Traumatismos Faciales/complicacionesRESUMEN
Introdução: Os traumas são causas comuns de morbidades e mortalidade da população mundial. Um dos mais prevalentes é o bucomaxilofacial, pois a face é uma região muito exposta e pouco protegida.Traumas faciais podem resultar em lesões de tecidos moles e fraturas ósseas, causando graves complicações e até danos irreversíveis, e seu autor deve ser enquadrado corretamente segundo a legislação brasileira. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil das vítimas, as causas, as características das lesões orofaciais, bem como o profissional responsável pela perícia e a classificação da lesão de acordo com o artigo 129 do Código Penal Brasileiro. Método: Foram analisados laudos emitidos por médicos e odontolegistas do Instituto Médico Legal da cidade de São Luís (MA), no ano de 2011 à 2013 de vítimas acometidas por lesões orofaciais. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o sexo masculino foi omais atingido (55,4%), a faixa etária mais envolvida foi 20-29 anos (40,3%), a etiologia principal foi agressão física (73,4%), a lesão mais frequente foi escoriação (25,3%) e a região mais acometida da facefoi a orbitária (26%). O profissional que mais emitiu laudos foi o médico-legista (90,8%). Das lesõesorofaciais qualificadas (39,8%), 23,0% resultaram em debilidade da função mastigatória, 4,5% emdebilidade da função mastigatória e estética e 22,3% em deformidade permanente. Conclusão: Conclui-seque é grande o número de lesões orofaciais registradas no IML de São Luís e que essas lesões foram avaliadas mais criteriosamente pelo odontolegista, ressaltando-se, com isso, a fundamental atuação desse profissional nas perícias dessa natureza.
Introduction: Traumas are common causes of morbidities and mortality in world's population. Maxillofacialtrauma is one of the most prevalent, because face is very exposed and unprotected. Facial trauma canresult in soft tissue injuries and bone fractures, causing serious complications and even permanen tdamages, making necessary the appropriate legal framework of attackers. Objective: To analyze theprofile of the victims, reason and the characteristics of orofacial lesions recorded in Forensic MedicineInstitute data, São Luís (MA), Brazil, between years of 2011 to 2013, as well as the professional responsible for expertise (doctors and dentists) and classifications in accordance with Article 129 of theBrazilian Penal Code. Methods: It were analyzed reports issued by doctors and dentistry in the period of2011 to 2013, for affected patients with orofacial injuries. Results: Results showed that male sex was themost affected (55,4%), age most involved was 20-29 years (40,3%), the main etiology was physicalaggression (73,4%), the most common injury was abrasion (25,3%) and the region most affected was theorbital (24,9%). The professional that issued more reports was the coroner (90,8%). Between the qualifiedorofacial lesions (39,8%), 23,0% resulted in weakness of masticatory function, 4,5% in weakness ofmasticatory function and aesthetics and 22,3% in permanent deformity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the number of orofacial injuries registered in the IML of São Luís data was great and these lesions wereevaluated more critically by forensics dentists, requiring their presence of this professional.
Asunto(s)
Odontología Forense/estadística & datos numéricos , Odontología Forense/legislación & jurisprudencia , Testimonio de Experto/métodos , Testimonio de Experto , Traumatismos Faciales/clasificación , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Introducción: el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la información de estudios realizados y publicados en diferentes provincias de Cuba, en los que se abordan las complicaciones pre y posoperatorias de los terceros molares retenidos. Metodología: se desarrolló una estrategia de búsqueda con los términos: tercer molar retenido, meta-análisis, revisión sistemática, combinados con complicaciones pre y posoperatorias, utilizando las publicaciones encontradas desde enero de 1990 hasta junio de 2013. Discusión: se encontró en todos los estudios realizados en las diferentes provincias de Cuba, que los terceros molares son los dientes que presentan mayor posibilidades de retención, por lo que casi siempre tienen indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico, presentando diferentes complicaciones tanto pre como posoperatoria. Conclusiones: con esta revisión llegamos a la conclusión de que en los estudios realizados en las diferentes provincias de Cuba, la complicación preoperatoria más frecuente causada por terceros molares retenidos fue la pericoronaritis, la cual siempre viene acompañada de dolor y edema, y las complicaciones más frecuentes después de la cirugía son la celulitis facial posoperatoria, acompañada casi siempre de trismo y dolor(AU)
Background: the aim of this work is developing a bibliographic review on the studies carried out and published in several Cuban provinces, approaching pre-surgery and post-surgery complications of the third retained molars. Methodology: we developed a search strategy with the terms: third retained molar, meta-analyses, systematic review, combined with pre- and post-surgery complications, using literature published from January 1990 to June 2013. Discussion: in all the studies made in different Cuban provinces we found that the third molars are the teeth having greater retention possibilities, therefore their surgical treatment is almost always indicated; they present different pre- and post-surgery complications. Conclusions: with this review we arrived to the conclusion that in studies carried out in different Cuban provinces, the most frequent pre-surgery complication caused by the retained third molars was pericoronaritis, always accompanied by pain and edema, and the most frequent post-surgery complication was facial cellulites, almost always accompanied with trismus and pain(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Tercer Molar/fisiopatología , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Celulitis/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Cuba/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Introdução: O trauma permanece como uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade, no mundo ocidental, entre os adultos jovens. A prevalência de lesões traumáticas na face é alta devido à enorme exposição dessa região e a sua pouca proteção. Objetivo: Avaliar a etiologia, a idade, o gênero, a localização, os sintomas e o tipo de tratamento das vítimas de traumas de face dos atendidos no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN), Brasília, Distrito Federal. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, realizado no pronto socorro do HRAN-DF, visando avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de vítimas de trauma de face, no período do 2° semestre de 2012. Resultados: O estudo compreendeu 46 pacientes, destacando-se o gênero masculino, com 32 pacientes (69,56%). Quanto à causa, predominou a agressão física, em ambos os sexos, com 22 casos (47,82%), seguida pelas quedas, com 11(23,91%). As quedas foram as causas predominantes das lesões em crianças, mas se verificou a participação cada vez maior da agressão física como mecanismo de trauma facial com o aumento da idade. A principal faixa etária foi de 21 a 30 anos, compreendendo 43,47% dos casos. O nariz foi o local mais acometido nas fraturas de face, correspondendo a 62,96% dos casos. O tempo médio de internação foi de dois dias e o tempo entre o primeiro atendimento e a operação foi de seis dias. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico do paciente com fratura de face é de um jovem, do gênero masculino, vítima de agressão física, com fratura de nariz e quadro clínico desse tipo de lesão e submetido a redução fechada.
Introduction: Trauma remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst young adults in the Western world. The prevalence of traumatic lesions on the face is especially high, as the facial area is generally exposed with little protection. Objective: To evaluate the etiology, age, sex, location, symptoms, and the type of treatment given to victims of facial trauma treated at the North Wing Regional Hospital (NWRH), Brasilia, Federal District. Method: This was a retrospective study conducted in the emergency room of the NWRH to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with facial trauma who presented during the 2nd half of 2012. Results: The study included 46 patients, of which 32 patients (69.56%) were male. Physical aggression was the prevailing cause in both sexes with 22 cases (47.82%), followed by falls with 11 (23.91%). Falls were the predominant cause of injuries in children. Physical aggression as a mechanism for facial trauma became more common with age. The main age group affected was the 21 to 30 years group, comprising 43.47% of cases. The nose was the most commonly affected bone in facial fractures, with nasal fractures occurring in 62.96% of cases. The mean hospital stay was two days and the mean time between the first visit and the operation was six days. Conclusion: The predominant epidemiological profile of a patient with facial fracture is that of a young male, victim of physical aggression, presenting with a nasal fracture and a clinical picture of this type of injury, and treated with closed reduction.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Historia del Siglo XXI , Cirugía Plástica , Perfil de Salud , Brasil , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudio de Evaluación , Agresión , Cara , Huesos Faciales , Traumatismos Faciales , Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Agresión/psicología , Cara/cirugía , Huesos Faciales/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Traumatismos Faciales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Vascular injuries are a constant risk in facial trauma, although bone and soft tissues of the face have provided some protection to the larger blood vessels. However, penetrating injuries usually do not have this type of protection and can damage significant vascular arteries. This article presents a case of a stab wound, which led to airway obstruction arising to a large sublingual hematoma due to lingual artery injury. A healthy 44-year-old man was stabbed in the submandibular region and admitted with an airway obstruction. He was subjected to an emergency tracheotomy and evolved with progressive sublingual edema. Computed tomography (CT) angiography showed a left lingual artery injury with the formation of an expansive hematoma. The CT angiography findings helped to identify the cause of the hematoma and guided the surgery to drain the hematoma after ligation of the lingual artery. The treatment was safely performed as planned and evolved uneventfully. The patient recovered fast and well and presented normal functions 6 months after the treatment. This surgical technique is an effective method for treating such injuries because it can be safely performed when guided by CT angiography. The authors argue that the demand for vascular lesions should be routine in patients who have facial trauma.
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Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/etiología , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Hematoma/etiología , Suelo de la Boca/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedades de la Lengua/etiología , Lengua/irrigación sanguínea , Heridas Punzantes/complicaciones , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Hematoma/diagnóstico , Hematoma/etiología , Tabique Nasal/lesiones , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Drenaje , Traumatismos Faciales/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hematoma/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Periodo Posoperatorio , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Neurofibroma is a benign neoplasm derived from peripheral nerves whose etiology is still unclear. It may present as a solitary lesion or be associated with other diseases such as neurofibromatosis type I and II syndrome. This paper aims to report an extremely rare case of a solitary giant neurofibroma of the mental nerve whose etiology was related to a local trauma. A 14-year-old female patient presented an extensive left facial mass with a size of 7 × 5 × 4 cm, located between the teeth 33 and 37 in the mandible region. It has begun to grow 3 months after a local trauma. Imaging studies were suggestive of a soft-tissue lesion, with minimal bone changes and maintaining the integrity of the mandibular canal and mental foramen. Histopathological tests showed spindle cells with undulated and hyperchromatic nuclei, and sparse cytoplasm in a stroma composed of dense fibrous connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression for the proteins S-100 and vimentin, confirming the diagnosis of neurofibroma. The patient underwent surgical removal of the lesion by intraoral approach and evolved with an excellent cosmetic result and no signs of recurrence after 2 years of follow up. We report a rare case of solitary giant neurofibroma whose etiology was related to a local trauma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mental nerve neurofibroma. Although the etiology remains unclear, we suggest the investigation of local trauma as a possible etiologic factor for solitary neurofibromas of the jaw.
Asunto(s)
Mentón/inervación , Neoplasias de los Nervios Craneales/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Faciales/complicaciones , Neurofibroma/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Núcleo Celular/patología , Mentón/lesiones , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Neoplasias de los Nervios Craneales/etiología , Citoplasma/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Nervio Mandibular/patología , Neurofibroma/etiología , Proteínas S100/análisis , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos/complicaciones , Vimentina/análisisRESUMEN
Injuries in the parotid and masseter region can cause serious impairment secondary to damage of important anatomical structures. Sialocele is observed as facial swelling associated with parotid duct rupture due to trauma. The aim of this paper is to report a case of a giant traumatic sialocele in the parotid gland, secondary to a knife lesion in a 40-year-old woman. Conservative measures could not promote clinical resolution and a surgical intervention for the placement of a vacuum drain was selected. Under local anesthesia, a small incision was performed adjacent to parotid duct papilla, followed by muscular divulsion and draining of significant amount of saliva. An active vacuum suction drain was placed for 15 days, aiming to form a new salivary duct. This technique was shown to be a safe, effective and low-cost option, leading to complete resolution and no recurrence after 28 months of follow up.