RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) affects 1.5 newborns per 1 thousand term live births. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) does not prevent all adverse outcomes. The experience with TH is still limited in Latin America. In Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto treats neonates with HIE since 2017 using the servo-controlled system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of epilepsy, altered neurological exam, and neurodevelopmental delay at 12 months of age in patients treated with TH in a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro and to evaluate the possible risk associations with clinical data and data from complementary exams. METHODS: We evaluated medical records from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit hospitalization and from first evaluation recorded at 12 months of age in the High-Risk Neonate Follow-up Outpatient Sevice. RESULTS: A total of 30 subjects were included in the study. We found epilepsy in 18.2% of the patients, altered neurological exam in 40.9%, and neurodevelopmental delay in 36.4%. We also found a significant relationship between altered magnetic resonance imaging scan and subsequent altered neurological exam. Our findings are in line with those of the international literature, which shows that adverse outcomes are still observed, even when TH is applied. Brazilian data shows our limited access to complementary exams. The rate of loss to follow-up was of 26.6%, probably due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. More time for prospective follow-up and protocol adjustments should contribute to improve our data. CONCLUSION: High incidences of epilepsy, altered neurological exams, and neurodevelopmental delay were found, despite the use of TH. A more efficient use of resources is needed, as well as measures such as early intervention.
ANTECEDENTES: A encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica (EHI) afeta 1,5 a cada mil nascidos vivos a termo. A hipotermia terapêutica (HT) não previne todos os desfechos negativos. A experiência com HT ainda é limitada na América Latina. No Rio de Janeiro, o Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto trata neonatos com EHI desde 2017 usando o sistema servo-controlado. OBJETIVO: Relatar a frequência de epilepsia, de alteração em exame neurológico e de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de idade nos pacientes submetidos a HT em um hospital de referência no estado do Rio de Janeiro e avaliar as associações de risco com dados clínicos e de exames complementares. MéTODOS: Foi feita análise de dados do prontuário médico da internação na UTI Neonatal e da primeira avaliação registrada a partir de 12 meses completos de idade no Ambulatório de Seguimento de Recém-Nascido de Alto Risco. RESULTADOS: Ao todo, 30 pacientes foram incluídos. As frequências de epilepsia, de alteração em exame neurológico e de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de idade foram, respectivamente, de 18,2%, 40,9% e 36,4%. Observamos relação significativa entre alteração na ressonância magnética e posterior alteração no exame neurológico. Nossos achados corroboram a literatura internacional, em que desfechos desfavoráveis ocorrem mesmo aplicando-se HT. Dados brasileiros mostram a limitação da disponibilidade dos exames complementares. Houve perda de seguimento de 26,6%, provavelmente pela pandemia da doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês) e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Mais tempo de seguimento e ajustes no protocolo devem contribuir para melhorar nossos dados. CONCLUSãO: Foram encontradas elevadas incidências de epilepsia, de exame neurológico alterado e de atraso no neurodesenvolvimento, apesar da HT. Faz-se necessário uso mais eficiente dos recursos disponíveis, bem como de medidas como intervenção precoce.
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Epilepsia , Hipotermia Inducida , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Brasil/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Epilepsia/terapia , Países en Desarrollo , Lactante , Resultado del Tratamiento , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Examen Neurológico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo NeonatalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Some cancer survivors experience difficulties with concentration, attention, and memory; however, there are no studies on neurodevelopment in patients under 5 years of age who are undergoing cancer treatment. Our aim was to evaluate neurodevelopment in cancer patients under 5 years of age using the Early Development Instrument (EDI) test, considering factors such as nutritional status, type of cancer, and treatment effect. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2018 to March 2019. Patients with cancer diagnoses outside the central nervous system in any phase of cancer treatment were included. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included. Regarding fine motor skills, 28% of patients with retinoblastoma and 23% of patients with leukemia or lymphoma had a risk of developmental delay compared to 0% of patients with solid tumors (p = 0.025). The final results showed that 19 (42.2%) patients had normal neurodevelopment (gray), 7 (15.5%) had a delay in neurodevelopment (light gray), and 19 (42.2%) had a risk of developmental delay (black). Regarding developmental delay, 52% of patients in the leukemia and lymphoma group, 71% in the retinoblastoma group, and 23% in the solid tumor group presented developmental delay (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of delay and lag in neurodevelopment is common in cancer patients under 5 years of age undergoing treatment. However, more studies are required to evaluate the effect of treatment on this group of patients as it may be affected by various factors.
INTRODUCCIÓN: En algunos pacientes supervivientes de cáncer se presentan dificultades de concentración, atención y memoria, sin embargo no hay estudios en relación al neurodesarrollo en pacientes menores de 5 años que se encuentran en tratamiento oncológico. Por lo que el objetivo fue valorar el neurodesarrollo en pacientes con cáncer durante el tratamiento oncológico mediante la prueba EDI tomando en cuenta diversos factores como su estado nutricional, tipo de cancer, y el efecto del tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal, de febrero de 2018 a marzo de 2019. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 1 año y menores de 5 años con diagnóstico de cáncer fuera del sistema nervioso central, en tratamiento oncológico. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 45 pacientes. En el área motor fina el 28% de los pacientes con retinoblastoma y 23% con leucemias y linfomas se encontraron en rojo (retraso) en comparación con 0% de los pacientes con tumores sólidos (p = 0.025). En el resultado global se encontró que 19 (42.2%) pacientes tuvieron neurodesarrollo normal (gris), 7 (15.5%) rezago en el neurodesarrollo (gris claro) y 19 (42.2%) con riesgo de retraso en el desarrollo (negro). De los pacientes que presentaron riesgo de retraso el 52% fueron del grupo de leucemias y linfomas, el 71% en el grupo de retinoblastoma y el 23% del grupo de tumores sólidos (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de riesgo de retraso y rezago en el neurodesarrollo es frecuente en menores de 5 años con diagnóstico de cáncer. Se requieren más estudios, para evaluar el efecto del tratamiento en este grupo de pacientes, ya que pueden influir diversos factores.
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Discapacidades del Desarrollo , Neoplasias , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Preescolar , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Retinoblastoma , Estado Nutricional , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Supervivientes de Cáncer/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
It is estimated that about 1 in 100 live births has a congenital heart disease (CHD). Cognitive deficit, academic difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities, in combination, represent the most common morbidity affecting quality of life in survivors with CHD. Developmental dysfunction results from a complex interaction between patient-specific factors such as genetic susceptibility, cardiac diagnosis, fetal development, and environmental factors such as preoperative events, supportive techniques during surgical repair, postoperative events, socioeconomic status. A comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment in all children with CHD is critical to identify any need for intervention early and provide the support needed to optimize their long-term development.
Se estima que aproximadamente 1 de cada 100 nacidos vivos presenta una cardiopatía congénita (CC). El déficit cognitivo, las dificultades académicas y anomalías conductuales, en combinación, representan la morbilidad más común que afecta la calidad de vida en sobrevivientes con CC. La disfunción del desarrollo resulta de una interacción compleja entre factores específicos del paciente como susceptibilidad genética, tipo de cardiopatía, desarrollo fetal y factores ambientales tales como eventos preoperatorios, técnicas de apoyo durante la reparación quirúrgica, eventos posoperatorios, estatus socioeconómico. Una evaluación integral del neurodesarrollo en todos los niños con CC es fundamental para identificar tempranamente cualquier necesidad de intervención y proporcionar el apoyo necesario para optimizar su desarrollo a largo plazo.
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Cardiopatías Congénitas , Humanos , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Niño , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Calidad de Vida , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on neurodevelopmental impairments in rats subjected to neonatal hypoxia, specifically examining its potential to mitigate motor and sensory deficits without the confounding effects of ischemia. METHODS: Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to one of four groups: Control, Control-CBD, Hypoxia, and Hypoxia-CBD. Hypoxia was induced on postnatal days 0 and 1. CBD (50 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days starting at postnatal day 0. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed using the Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups scale and the Revised Neurobehavioral Severity Scale for rodents. Statistical analyses were conducted using two-way and one-way ANOVA, with Tukey's post-hoc tests for group comparisons. RESULTS: Pup weights were recorded on specified postnatal days, with no significant differences observed across the groups (p = 0.1834). Significant neurological impairments due to hypoxia were noted in the Control group compared to the Hypoxia group, particularly in hindlimb grasping on postnatal day 3 (p = 0.0025), posture on postnatal day 12 (p = 0.0073), and in general balance and sound reflex on postnatal day 20 (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0068, respectively). Additionally, a statistically significant improvement in posture was observed in the Hypoxia-CBD group compared to the Hypoxia group alone (p = 0.0024). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that CBD possesses neuroprotective properties that significantly counteract the neurodevelopmental impairments induced by neonatal hypoxia in rats. This study not only supports the therapeutic potential of CBD in managing conditions characterized by neurodevelopmental challenges due to hypoxia but also underscores the necessity for further investigation into the specific molecular mechanisms driving CBD's neuroprotective effects. Further research is essential to explore CBD's clinical applications and its potential role in treating human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Animales Recién Nacidos , Cannabidiol , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Cannabidiol/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Ratas , Hipoxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoxia/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/prevención & control , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between inpatient skin-to-skin care rates and neurodevelopmental scores measured at 12 months in very preterm (VPT) infants. STUDY DESIGN: From a retrospective review of medical records of 181 VPT infants (<32 weeks gestational age [GA] at birth), we derived skin-to-skin care rate, ie, total minutes of skin-to-skin care each infant received over the number of days of hospital stay. We used scores on the Capute Scales from routine follow-up assessments at 12 months to measure neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS: Families averaged approximately 17 minutes/day of skin-to-skin care (2 days/week, 70 minutes/session), although there was substantial variability. Variation in skin-to-skin rate was positively associated with outcomes at 12 months corrected age (r = 0.25, P < .001). Skin-to-skin rate significantly predicted 6.2% unique variance in 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes, after adjusting for GA, socioeconomic status (SES), health acuity, and visitation frequency. A 20-minute increase in skin-to-skin care per day was associated with a 10-point increase (0.67 SDs) in neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months. GA and infant health acuity did not moderate these relations. CONCLUSION: VPT infants who experienced more skin-to-skin care during hospitalization demonstrated higher scores on 12-month neurodevelopmental assessments. Results provide evidence that skin-to-skin care confers extended benefits to VPT infants through the first year of life. Skin-to-skin care offers promise as a family-centered intervention designed to promote positive developmental outcomes in at-risk infants.
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Recien Nacido Prematuro , Método Madre-Canguro , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Lactante , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Edad Gestacional , Pacientes InternosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the neurodevelopment outcomes of children younger than 42 months of age with intestinal failure (IF) using prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) followed by a Pediatric Multidisciplinary Intestinal Rehabilitation Program from a public tertiary hospital in Brazil. METHODS: Bayley III scale was administered in children aged 2 to 42 months with IF and receiving PN for more than 60 days. Composite scores in cognitive, motor, and language domains were analyzed. Developmental delay was defined as a performance 2 standard deviations (SD) below the average at the 3 domains. Association between Bayley III composite scores and clinical variables related to IF were tested. RESULTS: Twenty-four children with median (IQR) age of 17.5 months (9-28.5) were studied, 58.3% were male. Developmental delay was found in 34%, 33% and 27% of the patients in cognitive, motor, and language domains, respectively. There was no significant association between the Bayley-III composite scores and length of hospitalization, prematurity, and number of surgical procedures with anesthesia. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated impairments in the cognitive, motor and language domains in approximately one-third of young patients with IF on prolonged PN.
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Insuficiencia Intestinal , Nutrición Parenteral , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Brasil/epidemiología , Lactante , Nutrición Parenteral/métodos , Nutrición Parenteral/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiologíaRESUMEN
It is unclear if SARS CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental repercussions to infants. We assessed pediatric neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born to mothers with laboratory-confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of in-utero exposed children were compared to that of pre-pandemic control children in Los Angeles (LA), CA, USA and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III), the gold standard tool for evaluating neurodevelopment until 36 months of age and Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3), a frequently used screening instrument for evaluating neurodevelopment in this same age group were the assessment tools used. Developmental delay (DD) was defined as having a score < - 2 SD below the norm (< 70) in at least one of three Bayley-III domains, (cognitive, motor or language) or a score below the cut-off (dark zone) in at least one of five ASQ-3 domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, personal-social). Exposed children were born between April 2020 and December 2022 while control children were born between January 2016 to December 2019. Neurodevelopmental testing was performed in 300 children total: 172 COVID-19 exposed children between 5-30 months of age and 128 control children between 6-38 months of age. Bayley-III results demonstrated that 12 of 128 exposed children (9.4%) had DD versus 2 of 128 controls (1.6%), p = 0.0007. Eight of 44 additional exposed children had DD on ASQ-3 testing. Fully, 20 of 172 exposed children (11.6%) and 2 of 128 control children (1.6%), p = 0.0006 had DD. In Rio, 12% of exposed children versus 2.6% of controls, p = 0.02 had DD. In LA, 5.7% of exposed children versus 0 controls, p = 0.12 had DD. Severe/critical maternal COVID-19 predicted below average neurodevelopment in the exposed cohort (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.4). Children exposed to antenatal COVID-19 have a tenfold higher frequency of DD as compared to controls and should be offered neurodevelopmental follow-up.
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COVID-19 , Discapacidades del Desarrollo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Femenino , COVID-19/epidemiología , Embarazo , Preescolar , Lactante , Masculino , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/virología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/virología , Adulto , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/virología , Desarrollo Infantil , Los Angeles/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Extensive intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very preterm newborns (VPNB) is associated with mortality and severe long-term neurological sequelae. OBJECTIVES: To know the most frequent neurological pathologies associated with extensive IVH, to determine the functional outcomes of mobility in the motor area and intellectual capacity in the cognitive area, to analyze the association between both areas and to know the schooling achieved. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive and longitudinal study in VPNB with extensive IVH born between 2001 and 2014. They underwent protocolized neurological follow-up until school age. The functional outcomes in mobility and intellectual capacity were categorized into 4 levels: level 1 corresponds to good functionality and autonomy; level 2, functionality that allows independence, with support in some tasks; level 3 requires constant external support; and level 4 where there is total dependence. The association was analyzed using Chi-square and Cramer's V coefficient. RESULTS: 74 children completed the follow-up; the most frequent associated neurological pathologies were neurodevelopmental disorders, hypertensive hydrocephalus, and epilepsy. Independent mobility (normal or with limitations) reached 74.4% while 24.3% used wheelchairs. 51.3% was categorized as normal to borderline intellectual range, 12.2% as mild intellectual disability (ID), 17.6% as moderate ID, and 19.9% as severe to profound ID. There was a strong statistical association between functional levels of mobility and intellectual capacity (p < 0.000 and V = 0.62). Schooling was proportional to intellectual capacity: 56.8% attended regular schools, 27.0% attended special schools, and 16.2% had no schooling. CONCLUSIONS: 2/3 VPNB with extensive IVH showed positive functional outcomes, from normal to mild limitations that allow an almost autonomous life; in 1/3 the outcomes were unfavorable in mobility and cognitive performance, and there was a strong statistical correlation between both areas studied. Schooling was consistent with the intellectual level.
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Escolaridad , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Humanos , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Estudios Longitudinales , Femenino , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedades del Prematuro/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Prematuro/mortalidad , Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnóstico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Lactante , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Hemorragia Cerebral Intraventricular/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Cerebral/complicaciones , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Purpose: To assess long-term visual and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) after strabismus surgery. Methods: A consecutive sample of five children with CZS who underwent strabismus surgery was enrolled. All children underwent a standardized pre- and postoperative protocol including binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Teller Acuity Cards II (TAC II), ocular alignment, functional vision using the functional vision developmental milestones test (FVDMT), and neurodevelopmental milestone evaluation using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition (BSID-III). Scores of the FVDMT outcomes considering the child's developmental age based on the BSID-III score were compared with scores from postoperative assessment. Results: Five children with CZS (3 girls, 2 boys) were enrolled with a mean age at baseline (preoperative) of 35.0 ± 0.7 months (range, 34-36 months) and at final assessment of 64.4 ± 0.5 months (range, 64-65 months). Preoperative BCVA was 1.2 ± 0.5 logMAR and at final assessment 0.7 ± 0.1 logMAR. Successful strabismus surgery outcome was maintained in 4/5 (80.0%) of children at final assessment. The children's BSID-III scores showed significant neurodevelopment delay at the initial assessment (corresponding developmental mean age was 4.7 months) and at their final assessment (corresponding developmental mean age was 5.1 months). There was improvement or stability in 34/46 items evaluated in the FVDMT (73.9%) when comparing baseline with 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: Strabismus surgery resulted in long-term ocular alignment in the majority of children with CZS. All the children showed improvement or stability in more than 70.0% of the functional vision items assessed. Visual and neurodevelopmental dysfunction may be related to complex condition and associated disorders seen in CZS including ocular, neurological, and skeletal abnormalities.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Estrabismo , Agudeza Visual , Infección por el Virus Zika , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estrabismo/cirugía , Estrabismo/fisiopatología , Preescolar , Infección por el Virus Zika/complicaciones , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Músculos Oculomotores/cirugía , Músculos Oculomotores/fisiopatología , Visión Binocular/fisiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between change in weight z score after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge and neurodevelopmental outcomes and obesity at 12-48 months of age among individuals born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: This secondary analysis used data from infants born very preterm participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes cohort (n = 1400). Growth during infancy was calculated as change in weight z score between NICU discharge and follow-up at a mean of 27 months of age. Very low weight gain was defined as a change in weight z score <-1.67; very high weight gain was a change in weight z score >1.67. Neurodevelopmental outcomes included the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 years, and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations between increase in weight z score and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS: Very low weight gain between NICU discharge and follow-up (experienced by 6.4% of participants) was associated with lower scores on cognitive (adjusted mean difference: -4.26; 95% CI: -8.55, -0.04) and language (adjusted mean difference: -4.80; 95% CI: -9.70, -0.11) assessments. Very high weight gain (experienced by 13.6% of participants) was associated with an increased obesity risk (adjusted relative risk: 6.20; 95% CI: 3.99, 9.66) but not with neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Very high weight gain in the first 12-48 months after NICU discharge was associated with a higher risk of obesity at follow-up; very low weight gain was associated with lower scores on cognitive and language assessments.
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Desarrollo Infantil , Aumento de Peso , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Recién Nacido , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro/crecimiento & desarrollo , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios de Seguimiento , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationships of 3 definitions of severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with adverse neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at early school-age. STUDY DESIGN: Participants comprised 218 consecutive survivors to 7-8 years of age born either <28 weeks' gestation or weighing <1000 g in Victoria, Australia, in 2005. BPD was classified as none, grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate), or grade 3 (severe), using 2 commonly accepted definitions: 1) Jobe2001, and 2) Higgins2018, and our own 3) Victorian Infant Collaborative Study (VICS) 2005, adapted from Jensen2019. Outcomes included major neurodevelopmental disability, low IQ and academic achievement, poor motor function, and poor respiratory function as assessed by spirometry. Outcomes for children with each grade of BPD were compared with children with no BPD. RESULTS: Of the 218 survivors, 132 (61%) had BPD on Jobe2001 criteria, and 113 (52%) had BPD on both Higgins2018 and VICS2005 criteria. Grade 1 on any criteria was not associated with any adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Grade 1 on both Higgins2018 and VICS2005 was associated with reduced spirometry, grade 2 on both Higgins2018 and VICS2005, and grade 3 on all criteria were associated with increased risk for both adverse neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with no BPD, receiving additional oxygen up to 29% but no positive pressure support at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age increased the risk of abnormal respiratory function but not adverse neurodevelopment. Receiving ≥30% oxygen or any positive pressure support at 36 weeks increased the risk of both adverse outcomes.
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Displasia Broncopulmonar , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiología , Displasia Broncopulmonar/complicaciones , Displasia Broncopulmonar/fisiopatología , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Recién Nacido , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Victoria/epidemiología , Espirometría , Estudios de SeguimientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of peak bilirubin levels among infants born before 29 weeks of gestation in the first 14 days of life and to study the association between quartiles of peak bilirubin levels at different gestational ages and neurodevelopmental outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective, nationwide cohort study of neonatal intensive care units in the Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network, including neonates born preterm at 220/7 to 286/7 weeks of gestation born between 2010 and 2018. Peak bilirubin levels were recorded during the first 14 days of age. Main outcome was significant neurodevelopmental impairment, defined as cerebral palsy with Gross Motor Function Classification System ≥3, or Bayley III-IV scores of <70 in any domain, or visual impairment, or bilateral hearing loss requiring hearing aids. RESULTS: Among 12 554 included newborns, median gestational age was 26 weeks (IQR 25-28) and birth weight was 920 g (IQR 750-1105 g). The median peak bilirubin values increased as gestational age increased (112 mmol/L [6.5 mg/dL] at 22 weeks and 156 mmol/L [9.1 mg/dL] at 28 weeks). Significant neurodevelopmental impairment was identified in 1116 of 6638 (16.8%) of children. Multivariable analyses identified an association between peak bilirubin in the highest quartile and neurodevelopmental impairment (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.60) and receipt of hearing aid/cochlear implant (aOR 3.97, 95%CI: 2.01-7.82) compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION: In this multicenter cohort study, peak bilirubin levels in neonates of <29 weeks of gestation increased with gestational age. Peak bilirubin values in the highest gestational age-specific quartile were associated with significant neurodevelopmental and hearing impairments.
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Hiperbilirrubinemia , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Niño , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Retrospectivos , Canadá/epidemiología , Edad Gestacional , Bilirrubina , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiologíaRESUMEN
Introdução: Desde maio de 2019, o acesso aos serviços especializados de saúde mental infantojuvenil do município de Porto Alegre ocorre através da regulação assistencial por intermédio do sistema Gerenciamento de Consultas (GERCON). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos usuários encaminhados para um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSi) nos dois primeiros anos do GERCON. Métodos: Estudo transversal em que foram resgatados dados dos prontuários eletrônicos de crianças e adolescentes encaminhados para primeira consulta em um CAPSi de Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de maio de 2019 a abril de 2021. Resultados: A maioria dos 134 usuários era do sexo masculino (59,8%), autodeclarados brancos (69,7%), naturais de Porto Alegre (87,9%) e com hipótese diagnóstica inicial de Retardo mental (28,9%), Transtornos emocionais e de comportamento com início usualmente ocorrendo na infância e adolescência (24,2%) e Transtornos do humor (20,3%). A média de idade foi 13,4 anos e a mediana 15 anos. A taxa de absenteísmo na primeira consulta foi de 24,7%. Conclusão: A maioria dos usuários encaminhados para o CAPSi HCPA era do sexo masculino, adolescente, natural de Porto Alegre e com a hipótese diagnóstica inicial de transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento. Há uma elevada taxa de absenteísmo. Ao planejar intervenções para crianças e adolescentes que necessitam de atendimento em CAPSi é importante considerar o perfil nosológico e as características sociodemográficas dos usuários, assim como pensar em estratégias para diminuir o absenteísmo.
Introduction: Since May 2019, access to child and adolescent mental health services in the city of Porto Alegre has been managed through a regulatory system called sistema de regulação assistencial (GERCON). The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of users referred to a Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil [CAPSi]) in the first two years of GERCON. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data were retrieved from electronic medical records of children and adolescents referred for their first consultation at a CAPSi in Porto Alegre, capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, from May 2019 to April 2021. Results: Most of the 134 users were male (59.8%), self declared white (69.7%), from Porto Alegre (87,9%) and with an initial diagnostic hypothesis of Mental retardation (28,9%), Behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (24,2%) e Mood disorders (20,3%). The mean age was 13.4 years and the median was 15 years. The rate of absenteeism in the first appointment was 24.7%. Conclusion: Most users referred to the CAPSi HCPA were male, teenagers, born in Porto Alegre and with the initial diagnostic hypothesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. There is a high rate of absenteeism. When planning interventions for children and adolescents who need CAPSi care, it is important to consider the nosological profile and sociodemographic characteristics, as well as thinking about strategies to reduce absenteeism.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios de Salud Mental/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiologíaRESUMEN
Uruguay acompaña la tendencia mundial al descenso de la natalidad con un descenso de la mortalidad concomitante, siendo la primera causa de mortalidad infantil la prematurez. Enfocados en la prematurez, es de nuestro interés conocer qué ocurre con estos niños luego del alta de la unidad neonatal. Se realizó el estudio de una cohorte de niños entre 4 y 8 años, nacidos con 32 semanas o menos de edad gestacional y/o con pesos al nacer de 1.500 g o menos, asistidos en su período neonatal en la Asociación Médica de San José, a quienes se les realizó el test de Battelle. Se logró identificar las áreas con mayor dificultad en el desarrollo para cada grupo de edad, concluyendo que se pueden realizar planes específicos de acción para promover el desarrollo de estos niños en la edad preescolar y escolar.
Uruguay follows the global declining trend in birth rates along with decreasing mortality, being prematurity the main cause of infant mortality. We studied premature children who had undergone the Battelle Test and had been discharged from the neonatal unit, a cohort of children between 4 and 8 years of age, born at 32 weeks or less of gestational age and/or having a birth weight of 1500g or less, assisted in their neonatal period at the San José Department Medical Center. We could identify the main areas affecting development for each age group, and concluded that specific action plans can be carried out to promote the development of these children at preschool and school age.
O Uruguai acompanha a tendência mundial de declínio das taxas de natalidade com uma concomitante diminuição da mortalidade, sendo a prematuridade a principal causa de mortalidade infantil. Nos focamos na prematuridade e no estudo do que acontece com essas crianças após a alta da unidade neonatal. Realizamos um estudo de uma coorte de crianças entre 4 e 8 anos que tinham sido submetidas ao Teste de Battelle, nascidas com 32 semanas ou menos de idade gestacional e/ou com peso de nascimento igual ou inferior a 1500g, atendidas no período neonatal na Assistência Médica do Departamento de São José no Uruguai. Foi possível identificar as áreas de maior dificuldade de desenvolvimento para cada faixa etária, e concluir que podem se realizar planos de ação específicos para promover o desenvolvimento dessas crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Recien Nacido Prematuro/crecimiento & desarrollo , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/diagnóstico , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estudios Transversales , Estudios de Cohortes , Distribución por Sexo , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción. Los trastornos en el neurodesarrolloinfantil constituyen un 10 % de las causasde discapacidad en la niñez. La búsquedade atención médica configura itinerariosterapéuticos, entendidos como los procesos de búsqueda y atención para el cuidado de la salud, donde surgen oportunidades de diagnósticoy tratamiento. El objetivo fue explorar dichos itinerarios para comprender las oportunidades y barreras que se presentan para instaurarterapias y pautas de crianza que promuevan el neurodesarrollo. Población y métodos. Estudio cualitativomediante entrevistas en profundidad a madres y padres de niños (de junio de 2018 a noviembre de 2019). El análisis se realizó sobre la base del modelo social de la discapacidad y del de desarrollo infantil propuesto por Vygotsky. Resultados. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas.Considerando la edad de inicio de los itinerarios terapéuticos y el diagnóstico, se identificaron dos grupos: aquellos que los comenzaron desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años (inicio precoz) y quienes lo hicieron a partir de los 3 años (inicio en la primera infancia e infancia tardía). En el primero se habilita tempranamente la búsqueda de tratamiento, mientras que en el segundo se prolongaron en el tiempo las decisiones sobre el inicio y/o el tipo de terapias. El inicio tardío se acompañó de dificultades en la escuela, períodosde incertidumbre, angustia y/o conflictosfamiliares por las complejidades de la crianza. Conclusiones. Los itinerarios terapéuticos seiniciaron en forma precoz en algunos casos y tardía en otros. El inicio de tratamientos permitióincorporar herramientas para acortar la brecha de incongruencia entre las líneas biológica y cultural de desarrollo.
Introduction. Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders account for 10% of the causes of childhood disability. The search for medical care leads to therapeutic itineraries routes taken by individuals to seek health care where diagnostic and treatment opportunities arise. Our objective was to explore these itineraries in order to understand the opportunities and barriers to the implementation of therapies and child rearing patterns promoting neurodevelopment. Population and methods. Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with children's parents (between June 2018 and November 2019). The analysis was based on the social model of disability and Vygotsky's approach to child development. Results. A total of 16 interviews were conducted. Considering the time of diagnosis and the age when the therapeutic itinerary started, 2 groups were identified: those who started from birth to 2 years old (early initiation) and those who started from 3 years old (late childhood initiation). In the first group, the search for treatment starts at an early stage, while in the other group, decisions on the initiation and/or type of treatments are prolonged over time. Late initiation was accompanied by difficulties in school, periods of uncertainty, distress and/or family conflicts due to the complexities of parenting. Conclusions. Therapeutic itineraries started early in some cases and at a later stage in others. The initiation of treatments made it possible to use tools to bridge the gap of discrepancies between the biological and cultural lines of development.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Niños con Discapacidad , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/terapia , Padres , Crianza del Niño , Responsabilidad ParentalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders account for 10% of the causes of childhood disability. The search for medical care leads to therapeutic itineraries routes taken by individuals to seek health care where diagnostic and treatment opportunities arise. Our objective was to explore these itineraries in order to understand the opportunities and barriers to the implementation of therapies and child rearing patterns promoting neurodevelopment. POPULATION AND METHODS: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with children's parents (between June 2018 and November 2019). The analysis was based on the social model of disability and Vygotsky's approach to child development. RESULTS: A total of 16 interviews were conducted. Considering the time of diagnosis and the age when the therapeutic itinerary started, 2 groups were identified: those who started from birth to 2 years old (early initiation) and those who started from 3 years old (late childhood initiation). In the first group, the search for treatment starts at an early stage, while in the other group, decisions on the initiation and/or type of treatments are prolonged over time. Late initiation was accompanied by difficulties in school, periods of uncertainty, distress and/or family conflicts due to the complexities of parenting. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic itineraries started early in some cases and at a later stage in others. The initiation of treatments made it possible to use tools to bridge the gap of discrepancies between the biological and cultural lines of development.
Introducción. Los trastornos en el neurodesarrollo infantil constituyen un 10 % de las causas de discapacidad en la niñez. La búsqueda de atención médica configura itinerarios terapéuticos, entendidos como los procesos de búsqueda y atención para el cuidado de la salud, donde surgen oportunidades de diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo fue explorar dichos itinerarios para comprender las oportunidades y barreras que se presentan para instaurar terapias y pautas de crianza que promuevan el neurodesarrollo. Población y métodos. Estudio cualitativo mediante entrevistas en profundidad a madres y padres de niños (de junio de 2018 a noviembre de 2019). El análisis se realizó sobre la base del modelo social de la discapacidad y del de desarrollo infantil propuesto por Vygotsky. Resultados. Se realizaron 16 entrevistas. Considerando la edad de inicio de los itinerarios terapéuticos y el diagnóstico, se identificaron dos grupos: aquellos que los comenzaron desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años (inicio precoz) y quienes lo hicieron a partir de los 3 años (inicio en la primera infancia e infancia tardía). En el primero se habilita tempranamente la búsqueda de tratamiento, mientras que en el segundo se prolongaron en el tiempo las decisiones sobre el inicio y/o el tipo de terapias. El inicio tardío se acompañó de dificultades en la escuela, períodos de incertidumbre, angustia y/o conflictos familiares por las complejidades de la crianza. Conclusiones. Los itinerarios terapéuticos se iniciaron en forma precoz en algunos casos y tardía en otros. El inicio de tratamientos permitió incorporar herramientas para acortar la brecha de incongruencia entre las líneas biológica y cultural de desarrollo.
Asunto(s)
Niños con Discapacidad , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Niño , Humanos , Preescolar , Padres , Responsabilidad Parental , Crianza del Niño , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between neighborhood risk and moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22-26 months corrected age in children born at <34 weeks of gestation. We hypothesized that infants born preterm living in high-risk neighborhoods would have a greater risk of NDI and cognitive, motor, and language delays. STUDY DESIGN: We studied a retrospective cohort of 1291 infants born preterm between 2005 and 2016, excluding infants with congenital anomalies. NDI was defined as any one of the following: a Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III Cognitive or Motor composite score <85, bilateral blindness, bilateral hearing impairment, or moderate-severe cerebral palsy. Maternal addresses were geocoded to identify census block groups and create high-risk versus low-risk neighborhood groups. Bivariate and regression analyses were run to assess the impact of neighborhood risk on outcomes. RESULTS: Infants from high-risk (n = 538; 42%) and low-risk (n = 753; 58%) neighborhoods were compared. In bivariate analyses, the risk of NDI and cognitive, motor, and language delays was greater in high-risk neighborhoods. In adjusted regression models, the risks of NDI (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.98), cognitive delay (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.28), and language delay (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.15-2.16) were greater in high-risk neighborhoods. Breast milk at discharge was more common in low-risk neighborhoods and was protective of NDI in regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: High neighborhood risk provides an independent contribution to preterm adverse NDI, cognitive, and language outcomes. In addition, breast milk at discharge was protective. Knowledge of neighborhood risk may inform the targeted implementation of programs for socially disadvantaged infants.
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Parálisis Cerebral , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/epidemiología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the odds of a psychiatric or neurodevelopmental diagnosis among youth with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria compared with matched controls in a large electronic health record dataset from 6 pediatric health systems, PEDSnet. We hypothesized that youth with gender dysphoria would have higher odds of having psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses than controls. STUDY DESIGN: All youth with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria (n = 4173 age at last visit 16.2 ± 3.4) and at least 1 outpatient encounter were extracted from the PEDSnet database and propensity-score matched on 8 variables to controls without gender dysphoria (n = 16 648, age at last visit 16.2 ± 4.8) using multivariable logistic regression. The odds of having psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses were examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Youth with gender dysphoria had higher odds of psychiatric (OR 4.0 [95% CI 3.8, 4.3] P < .0001) and neurodevelopmental diagnoses (1.9 [1.7, 2.0], P < .0001). Youth with gender dysphoria were more likely to have a diagnosis across all psychiatric disorder subcategories, with particularly high odds of mood disorder (7.3 [6.8, 7.9], P < .0001) and anxiety (5.5 [5.1, 5.9], P < .0001). Youth with gender dysphoria had a greater odds of autism spectrum disorder (2.6, [2.2, 3.0], P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Youth with gender dysphoria at large pediatric health systems have greater odds of psychiatric and several neurodevelopmental diagnoses compared with youth without gender dysphoria. Further studies are needed to evaluate changes in mental health over time with access to gender affirming care.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/etiología , Disforia de Género/complicaciones , Trastornos del Humor/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Adolescente , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Disforia de Género/psicología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Puntaje de Propensión , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this scoping review, we examined the association between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in offspring. We searched the Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases for articles published from 2000 to 2020 on inadequate intake of vitamins (B12, folate, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K), micronutrients (cooper, iron, creatine, choline, zinc, iodine), macronutrients (fatty acids, proteins), high fat diets, ketogenic diets, hypercaloric diets, and maternal undernutrition. Some older relevant articles were included. The search produced a total of 3590 articles, and 84 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Data were extracted and analyzed using charts and the frequency of terms used. We concluded that inadequate nutrient intake during pregnancy was associated with brain defects (diminished cerebral volume, spina bifida, alteration of hypothalamic and hippocampal pathways), an increased risk of abnormal behavior, neuropsychiatric disorders (ASD, ADHD, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression), altered cognition, visual impairment, and motor deficits. Future studies should establish and quantify the benefits of maternal nutrition during pregnancy on neurodevelopment and recommend adequate supplementation.
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Desnutrición/fisiopatología , Exposición Materna/efectos adversos , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/fisiopatología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/etiología , Adulto , Dieta/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Micronutrientes/análisis , Nutrientes/análisis , Estado Nutricional , Embarazo , Vitaminas/análisisRESUMEN
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy causes later-in-life alterations of the offspring's brain structure and function. These abnormalities increase the risk of developing several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, intellectual disability, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, microcephaly, and cerebral palsy. Here, we discuss how astrocytes might contribute to postnatal brain dysfunction following maternal inflammation, focusing on the signaling mediated by two families of plasma membrane channels: hemi-channels and pannexons. [Ca2+]i imbalance linked to the opening of astrocytic hemichannels and pannexons could disturb essential functions that sustain astrocytic survival and astrocyte-to-neuron support, including energy and redox homeostasis, uptake of K+ and glutamate, and the delivery of neurotrophic factors and energy-rich metabolites. Both phenomena could make neurons more susceptible to the harmful effect of prenatal inflammation and the experience of a second immune challenge during adulthood. On the other hand, maternal inflammation could cause excitotoxicity by producing the release of high amounts of gliotransmitters via astrocytic hemichannels/pannexons, eliciting further neuronal damage. Understanding how hemichannels and pannexons participate in maternal inflammation-induced brain abnormalities could be critical for developing pharmacological therapies against neurological disorders observed in the offspring.