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Shuangren-Anshen capsule (SAC) is a traditional Chinese herb that was improved in our laboratory. An orthogonal experiment [L9(3)(4)] was used to optimize the extraction conditions. In vivo, a hemorrhage mouse model was established and the hemoglobin contents of normal control, model control, and treated mice were measured. Additionally, the sedative and hypnotic effects of SACs were assessed based on pharmacological parameters such as changes in locomotive activity, forelimb raising, sleep latency, sleep duration, and number of mice that fell asleep. Brain tissue was sectioned and stained to detect changes in cell morphology by microscopy. The optimum extraction was achieved with 3 cycles of decoction for 120 min each with a 10-fold volume of water added. In the model control group, hemoglobin content significantly decreased and pharmacological parameters increased (P < 0.01) relative to that in the normal control group. Compared to the model control group, the group treated with 0.9 g/kg SAC showed significant (P < 0.05) increase or decrease in hemoglobin content and all pharmacological parameters except sleep duration. The groups treated with 1.8 or 3.6 g/kg SAC and the positive control group also showed significant alterations in hemoglobin content and pharmacological parameters (P < 0.05). In addition, SAC exhibited a protective effect on the morphological structures of the damaged nerve cells in the mouse model. Thus, an optimal extraction process was successfully identified. The pharmacological data also suggests that the drug can improve sleep quality. SAC treatment was shown to cause changes in hemoglobin content and cell morphology in a mouse model.

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OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the overall clinical profile of menopausal women complaining of insomnia who were referred to a sleep laboratory. METHODS: A total of 206 menopausal women who had complaints related to insomnia were interviewed. Each participant completed a questionnaire in order to obtain data on general health, menopausal status, medications, and sleep patterns. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 55.9 years. Clinical profiles revealed that the most prevalent health problems were systemic arterial hypertension (33.9%) and osteoporosis (19%), though there was no association between insomnia and incidence of chronic disease. Our data demonstrate an overall prevalence of insomnia of 4-5 times a week in 62% of the women, with 68.9% complaining of hot flashes. However, there was no association between hot flashes and frequency of insomnia across the menopausal transition period. Only 7% of women had already undergone polysomnography. Less than 5% of the participants were undergoing treatment for menopause, while 8% were taking benzodiazepines for sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that insomnia in postmenopausal women was not associated with incidence of chronic disease. In addition, the majority of the participants were not undergoing treatment for menopause or for sleep disturbance.

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Estudos demonstram que mulheres na perimenopausa e pós-menopausa apresentam maior latência para o sono, dificuldade de manutenção e estão menos satisfeitas com a qualidade do sono quando comparadas àquelas que não estão na menopausa. Apesar da vasta literatura sobre a insônia na menopausa, diversos aspectos ainda são controversos ou não foram suficientemente estudados. Objetivos: Artigo I: Estimar a prevalência de insônia e avaliar sua associação com o status menopausal em uma população de mulheres. Artigo II: Entre mulheres na menopausa, investigar a associação entre fatores psicossociais, morbidade física e mental, características da menopausa e queixas de insônia. Métodos: Artigo I: Foi realizado um estudo seccional entre funcionárias de uma universidade no Rio de Janeiro participantes de um estudo longitudinal (Estudo Pró-Saúde)(n=2.189), onde foi utilizado um questionário autopreenchível para avaliação de insônia, status menopausal e demais variáveis de estudo. Foram consideradas como “em menopausa”as mulheres não-grávidas que responderam que não ficavam mais menstruadas (peri e pósmenopausa). A insônia foi analisada como dificuldade em iniciar o sono, dificuldade em manter o sono e queixa geral de insônia (combinação das anteriores). Os Odds Ratios (OR) brutos e ajustados foram calculados através de regressão logística multivariada.

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BACKGROUND: Insomnia with predominant thalamic involvement and minor cortical and cerebellar pathologic changes is not characteristic of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) but is a hallmark of fatal familial insomnia. OBJECTIVE: To report a 53-year-old woman with intractable insomnia as her initial symptom of disease. METHODS: The authors characterized clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of the disease using EEG, polysomnography, neurohistology, Western blotting, protein sequencing, and prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP) analysis. RESULTS: The patient developed dysgraphia, dysarthria, bulimia, myoclonus, memory loss, visual hallucinations, and opisthotonos, as well as pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. Polysomnographic studies showed an absence of stages 3 and 4, and REM. She died 8 months after onset. On neuropathologic examination, there was major thalamic involvement characterized by neuronal loss, spongiform changes, and prominent gliosis. The inferior olivary nuclei exhibited chromatolysis, neuronal loss, and gliosis. Spongiform changes were mild in the neocortex and not evident in the cerebellum. PrP immunopositivity was present in these areas as well as in the thalamus. PRNP analysis showed the haplotype E200K-129M. Western blot analysis showed the presence of proteinase K (PK)-resistant PrP (PrP(sc)) with the nonglycosylated isoform of approximately 21 kd, corresponding in size to that of type 1 PrP(sc). N-terminal protein sequencing demonstrated PK cleavage sites at glycine (G) 82 and G78, as previously reported in CJD with the E200K-129 M haplotype. CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia may be a prominent early symptom in cases of CJD linked to the E200K-129M haplotype in which the thalamus is severely affected.

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