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PURPOSE: Metallic taste (MT) is frequently observed during head and neck cancer treatments, but very little is known about its impact on nutritional status. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of MT on the quality of life and nutritional status in patients with head and neck cancer expressing MT. METHODS: Questionnaires on quality of life, MT, weight, and food intake were filled out by 44 patients with head and neck cancer before, during, and up to 1 year after their treatment. Patients were divided into two groups based on their reported experience of MT. RESULTS: MT was commonly observed (n = 12, 27.2%), always during the treatment phase, and mostly linked with radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. Reported MT intensity was moderate (n = 6, 40%) to high (n = 4, 26.7%). MT had a significant negative impact on quality of life linked to dysgeusia (p = 0.025). The negative impacts of MT on food intake and on weight were not significant, possibly due to a combination of sample size, dropouts, and duration of observation. Further research in this area could provide additional insights into how to better address the issue related to MT and enhance the quality of care provided to this patient population. CONCLUSION: Metallic taste, experienced by 27.2% of the 44 patients with head and neck cancer, contributes to dysgeusia and results in a significant decline in quality of life associated with dysgeusia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration number: NCT03558789.
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Disgeusia , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Estado Nutricional , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Disgeusia/etiología , Disgeusia/epidemiología , Adulto , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Gusto , Trastornos del Gusto/etiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Smell and taste are senses that contribute to a child's overall well-being. Disorders affecting these senses can impact a child's daily life from enjoying meals to detecting potential dangers through scent. The aim of this study is to describe patient characteristics and etiological causes of olfactory (OD) and/or gustatory disorders (GD) in children referred to a smell and taste clinic. Secondly, we aim to suggest a clinical work up. METHODS: Retrospective study where data were collected from 57 children who were referred consecutively to the University Clinic for Flavour, Balance, and Sleep; Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ORL), Head and Neck Surgery; Goedstrup Hospital, Denmark, for assessment due to OD/GD from January 2017 to May 2023. RESULTS: Most of the children had anosmia (60 %), whereas sensation of the basic tastes was intact in all but eight children (16 %). The lowest TDI scores were in children with congenital OD. The underlying etiology was congenital followed by postinfectious mostly related to Covid-19. Picky eating including anorectic traits were seen in 16 % of patients. CONCLUSION: The focus on smell loss in pediatric population is low, and probably does not adequately reflect either underlying prevalence in this group or the possible consequences on a child's well-being. Moreover, increased awareness of children's smell and taste loss is needed, as it may be associated with eating disturbances.
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COVID-19 , Trastornos del Olfato , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Niño , Trastornos del Gusto/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , Trastornos del Olfato/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , Preescolar , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Adolescente , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Lactante , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled blood sugar levels, which lead to end-organ damage. While the diagnosis and treatment of its complications have been extensively studied, the effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO2) on diabetes-related oral complications remains unexplored. Aim: This prospective clinical study aims to investigate the effect of HBO2 on diabetes-related oral complications. Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers and scheduled for HBO2 were included in this study. We recorded stimulated and unstimulated saliva pH, buffering capacity, flow rate, and subjective symptoms such as dry mouth, halitosis, taste loss, difficulty swallowing, and clinical examination findings before HBO2 and after the 21st session. Results: Upon comparing the findings, we observed a significant decrease in dry mouth and halitosis, periodontal disease severity, and healing of candida-related stomatitis and angular cheilitis. Despite not reaching statistical significance for other saliva parameters, the unstimulated salivary flow rate increased to normal limits (0.3-0.4 ml/min) in 6 out of 8 patients with a flow rate of less than 0.25 ml/min. Conclusion: Our study investigated the effect of HBO2 on diabetes-related oral complications for the first time, highlighting symptomatic relief for dry mouth and halitosis. Although our results are insufficient to report a definitive benefit, they underscore the need for further research on the oral health effects of HBO2.
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Pie Diabético , Halitosis , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Saliva , Xerostomía , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Xerostomía/etiología , Xerostomía/terapia , Pie Diabético/terapia , Pie Diabético/etiología , Anciano , Saliva/química , Halitosis/etiología , Halitosis/terapia , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Enfermedades Periodontales/terapia , Enfermedades Periodontales/etiología , Estomatitis/etiología , Estomatitis/terapia , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Trastornos de Deglución/terapia , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/terapia , Adulto , Tasa de SecreciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: One of the main side effects of radiation therapy to the head and neck region is altered taste sensation. This causes significant morbidity and has profound effects on the quality of life (QoL) of patients. While radiation-associated toxicities like xerostomia and dysphagia are part of large investigations, data on taste impairment is sparse. Small cohort sizes in the majority of studies and a variety of analysis methods limit our current understanding of the underlying processes. None of the studies published to date used a taste-specific QoL questionnaire with differentiation of the different taste qualities (e.g. sour, bitter). Furthermore, data regarding the correlation of taste impairment with radiation-associated change in saliva composition is currently not available. The aim of the TASTE study is to fill this gap. Based on the acquired data, a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model for late radiation-associated taste impairment will be developed. METHODS: In this prospective, observational multicenter study 150 head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy will be recruited and undergo repetitive (semi-) objective and subjective assessment of their taste, smell and salivary function (questionnaires, taste and smell assessment, saliva analysis). Primary endpoint will be patient-reported taste impairment 12 months post radiation therapy using a standardized questionnaire. Secondary endpoints will include taste impairment measured using taste strips at 12 months and 2 years post radiation therapy. Differences between subgroups (radiation side, chemotherapy, etc.) and changes over time will be assessed while adjusting for confounding factors (e.g. age, sex, smoking history). DISCUSSION: This study sets out to further our understanding of taste impairment in patients undergoing radiation therapy to the head and neck region with the goal to prevent this common side effect in future patients. The results of the study may be used to evaluate taste-preserving radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer, which may significantly reduce the long-term burden in this patient cohort.
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Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Calidad de Vida , Saliva , Trastornos del Gusto , Gusto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Estudios Prospectivos , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Saliva/efectos de la radiación , Saliva/metabolismo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/diagnóstico , Xerostomía/etiología , Xerostomía/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) masses on subjective and measured taste function. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Consecutive adult patients with untreated CPA masses. INTERVENTIONS: Gustatory function was psychophysically measured with Taste Strips (range, 0-16) on both sides of the tongue. Subjective taste complaints were assessed using a questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Half-sided taste impairment (hemi-ageusia) was defined as side-to-side asymmetry ≥4 points with <9 points on the side of the CPA mass. We used the Koos classification for vestibular schwannomas (VS) and, in the case of facial nerve palsy, the House-Brackmann grading system. RESULTS: We included 135 patients (mean [standard deviation (SD)] age, 55.3 ± 14.1 yr; 62 males). The most common CPA mass was VS (77%). Overall, the measured taste function was lower on the affected compared with the healthy side of the tongue (mean score, 9.8 ± 3.3 versus 11 ± 2.9; p < 0.0001). Looking for clinically relevant one-sided taste impairment revealed 18 (13.3%) patients with hemi-ageusia, but only 4 (30.8%) of those subjectively complained of taste dysfunction. Regarding VS, Koos IV masses presented the lowest score on the affected side (mean score, 7.5 ± 3.7). Six patients presented with facial palsy. Having facial palsy did not result in a lower Taste Strips score (p = 0.23). CONCLUSION: Before any CPA mass treatment, a measurable ipsilateral decrease in gustatory function is present in many patients. Most patients do not notice this preexisting taste impairment. From a medicolegal standpoint, this warrants consideration. To avoid postoperative claims regarding taste function, a preoperative assessment may be considered.
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Ángulo Pontocerebeloso , Neuroma Acústico , Gusto , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Gusto/fisiología , Neuroma Acústico/fisiopatología , Neuroma Acústico/complicaciones , Ageusia/etiología , Ageusia/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/fisiopatología , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/complicaciones , Lengua/fisiopatología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Prevention and treatment protocols for taste changes observed during hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are not well-established. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) in relieving taste changes and preventing lingual papillae atrophy. HCT patients received PBM (n = 42) on the tongue dorsum using an InGaAIP laser (660 nm, 100 mW, 1.1 W/cm2, 8.8 J/cm2). During the HCT conditioning (T0), severe neutropenia (T1), and after neutrophil engraftment (T2), taste acuity for sweet, bitter, sour, and salty solutions, and clinical appearance of lingual papillae were compared with those of a placebo group (n = 43). PBM significantly reduced hypogeusia, ageusia, and parageusia at T1 and T2, and also successfully prevented papillae atrophy during all the analyzed HCT periods. In conclusion, PBM enhanced taste acuity during HCT. The decrease in papillae atrophy indicated a potential regenerative effect of this therapy on tongue mucosa.
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Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Gusto , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Gusto/efectos de la radiación , Lengua/efectos de la radiación , Lengua/patología , Atrofia , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Papilas Gustativas/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Substance use disorder (SUD) exacerbates the impact of Long-COVID, particularly increasing the risk of taste and olfactory disorders. Analyzing retrospective cohort data from TriNetX and over 33 million records (Jan 2020-Dec 2022), this study focused on 1,512,358 participants, revealing that SUD significantly heightens the likelihood of experiencing taste disturbances and anosmia in Long-COVID sufferers. Results indicated that individuals with SUD face a higher incidence of sensory impairments compared to controls, with older adults and women being particularly vulnerable. Smokers with SUD were found to have an increased risk of olfactory and taste dysfunctions. The findings underscore the importance of early screening, diagnosis, and interventions for Long-COVID patients with a history of SUD, suggesting a need for clinicians to monitor for depression and anxiety linked to sensory dysfunction for comprehensive care.
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COVID-19 , Trastornos del Olfato , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , Femenino , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , Trastornos del Olfato/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anosmia/etiología , Anosmia/fisiopatología , Anosmia/epidemiología , Síndrome Post Agudo de COVID-19 , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Alterations in taste and smell are among the most distressing symptoms experienced by haemodialysis patients. There is limited research on the relationship between these two symptoms and malnutrition in haemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate alterations in taste and smell in hemodialysis patients and their relationship with malnutrition. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 149 hemodialysis patients at the dialysis centers of three state hospitals. The Taste and Smell Dysfunction Questionnaire was used to assess the changes in patients' taste and smell, and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), as well as the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) tool, were utilized to evaluate their nutritional status. FINDINGS: A substantial percentage (45.6%) of patients reported an altered sense of smell, and 40.2% reported an altered sense of taste. The aspect of taste that was most abnormal was bitterness (46.7%); 53.0% of the patients were at moderate risk of malnutrition by PNI score, and 14.8% were categorized as malnourished by CONUT score. Malnutrition was related to dialysis vintage: a 1-year increase in vintage was associated with an increased risk of malnutrition (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.32, p < 0.001). Altered taste was associated with malnutrition: one-unit increase in the standard deviation of the taste subdimension score was associated with a relative risk of malnutrition (OR: 6.89, 95% CI 1.67-28.39, p < 0.001). A one-unit increase in the standard deviation of the smell subdimension was associated with relative risk of malnutrition (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.10-1.64, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Malnutrition was found in a significantpercentage of hemodialysis patients. Altered taste and smell and the durationof dialysis treatment were significantly associated with malnutrition scores It isrecommended that healthcare professionals regularly assess alterations in tasteand smell in hemodialysis patients, as these alterations may be associated withmalnutrition, and manage these alterations accordingly.
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Desnutrición , Diálisis Renal , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Diálisis Renal/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Desnutrición/etiología , Desnutrición/fisiopatología , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/fisiopatología , Anciano , Adulto , Olfato/fisiología , Estado Nutricional , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Gusto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Non-motor symptoms in myasthenia gravis (MG) are rarely confirmed. Although there are some small cohort studies, a large-systemic survey has not yet been performed. METHODS: We investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with MG who had taste disorders and alopecia using data of 1710 patients with MG enrolled in the Japan MG Registry 2021. RESULTS: Among them, 104 (6.1%) out of 1692 patients and 138 (8.2%) out of 1688 patients had histories of taste disorders and alopecia, respectively. Among the patients with MG, taste disorders were significantly more common in women, those with severe symptoms, refractory MG, or thymoma-associated MG, and were less common in those with ocular MG. The taste disorders often occurred after the onset of MG and often responded to MG treatments. Alopecia was more common in MG patients with a history of bulbar palsy and thymoma, and it often occurred before the onset of MG and sometimes responded to MG treatments. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed taste disturbance was associated with worst quantitative MG score and thymoma-associated MG; and alopecia was associated with thymoma-associated MG. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the non-motor symptoms in MG, especially in patients with severe myasthenic symptoms and thymoma-associated MG.
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Alopecia , Miastenia Gravis , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , Miastenia Gravis/epidemiología , Miastenia Gravis/complicaciones , Miastenia Gravis/diagnóstico , Alopecia/epidemiología , Alopecia/diagnóstico , Femenino , Masculino , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Anciano , Japón/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Timoma/complicaciones , Timoma/epidemiología , IncidenciaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The incidence of ageusia and dysgeusia after endoscopic endonasal (EEA) resection of olfactory groove meningioma (OGM) is not well established despite recognized impairment in olfactory function. METHODS: We retrospectively administered a validated taste and smell survey to patients undergoing EEA for resection of OGM at two institutions. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected and survey responses were analyzed. RESULTS: Twelve patients completed the survey. The median time from surgery was 24 months. The average total complaint score was 5.5 out of 16 [0-13]. All patients reported a change in sense of smell while only 42 % reported a change in sense of taste. Taste changes did not consistently associate with laterality or size of the neoplasm. Significant heterogeneity existed when rating severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first case series examining taste changes after EEA resection of OGM. Despite universal olfactory dysfunction, only a minority of patients reported a change in their sense of taste. Our findings may improve patient counseling and expectations after surgery.
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Neoplasias Meníngeas , Meningioma , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Humanos , Meningioma/cirugía , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Neoplasias Meníngeas/cirugía , Endoscopía/métodos , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Adulto , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Disgeusia/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: There has been an increase of attention and awareness of smell and taste loss due to the impact of COVID-19. However, little is known about the influence of COVID-19 on the number of psychophysical tests performed, the timing of these tests, or the protection protocols employed to protect against virus transmission. This study aimed to explore the changes in examination approaches, types of tests employed, and safety measures adopted by clinicians before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A survey was distributed to 404 institutes of the Oto-Rhino Laryngological Society of Japan, consisting of otolaryngologists working in university hospitals, general hospitals, and private clinics. The anonymous online survey contained questions related to safety measures and chemosensory assessments performed before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, participants were queried on the number and types of examinations conducted, the type of examiners who performed them, the timing of tests in suspected and non-suspected COVID-19 cases, modifications made due to the pandemic, and the protective measures adopted during chemosensory examinations. RESULTS: Of the 201 respondents, representing a 50 % response rate, 49 % were from general hospitals, 48 % from university hospitals, and 3 % from private clinics. The study found a slight decrease in the overall number of chemosensory tests conducted post-COVID-19. In terms of who performed the test, there were no differences pre- and post- COVID-19. Most examinations (52-68 %) for suspected COVID-19 cases were performed 1-2 months after the onset of symptoms. Modifications in testing rooms and personal protective equipment (PPE) were reported by the majority of institutions post-pandemic. While different examination rooms or PPE were not commonly used based on a patient's previous COVID-19 diagnosis, changes were observed in testing practices. Most examinations were conducted in rooms with windows or fans, and PPE usage was high; surgical masks, eye visors or face shields, and disposable gloves being commonly used. Virus transmission from patient to examiner was reported in only one case during T&T olfactometer examination. CONCLUSION: We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of olfactory and gustatory tests performed, the type of examiner, the examination room, and the use of PPE and found no significant difference before and after the COVID-19 pandemic on these factors. Adherence to a protection protocol involving the proper use of PPE in controlled environments enabled the continuation of olfactory and gustatory tests during the pandemic.
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COVID-19 , Trastornos del Olfato , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Japón/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Equipo de Protección Personal , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Control de Infecciones/métodos , Pandemias , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Importance: Self-report surveys suggest that long-lasting taste deficits may occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection, influencing nutrition, safety, and quality of life. However, self-reports of taste dysfunction are inaccurate, commonly reflecting deficits due to olfactory not taste system pathology; hence, quantitative testing is needed to verify the association of post-COVID-19 condition with taste function. Objective: To use well-validated self-administered psychophysical tests to investigate the association of COVID-19 with long-term outcomes in taste and smell function. Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide cross-sectional study included individuals with and without a prior history of COVID-19 recruited from February 2020 to August 2023 from a social media website (Reddit) and bulletin board advertisements. In the COVID-19 cohort, there was a mean of 395 days (95% CI, 363-425 days) between diagnosis and testing. Exposure: History of COVID-19. Main Outcomes and Measures: The 53-item Waterless Empirical Taste Test (WETT) and 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) were used to assess taste and smell function. Total WETT and UPSIT scores and WETT subtest scores of sucrose, citric acid, sodium chloride, caffeine, and monosodium glutamate were assessed for groups with and without a COVID-19 history. The association of COVID-19 with taste and smell outcomes was assessed using analysis of covariance, χ2, and Fisher exact probability tests. Results: Tests were completed by 340 individuals with prior COVID-19 (128 males [37.6%] and 212 females [62.4%]; mean [SD] age, 39.04 [14.35] years) and 434 individuals with no such history (154 males [35.5%] and 280 females [64.5%]; mean (SD) age, 39.99 [15.61] years). Taste scores did not differ between individuals with and without previous COVID-19 (total WETT age- and sex-adjusted mean score, 33.41 [95% CI, 32.37-34.45] vs 33.46 [95% CI, 32.54-34.38]; P = .94). In contrast, UPSIT scores were lower in the group with previous COVID-19 than the group without previous COVID-19 (mean score, 34.39 [95% CI, 33.86-34.92] vs 35.86 [95% CI, 35.39-36.33]; P < .001]); 103 individuals with prior COVID-19 (30.3%) and 91 individuals without prior COVID-19 (21.0%) had some degree of dysfunction (odds ratio, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.18-2.27]). The SARS-CoV-2 variant present at the time of infection was associated with smell outcomes; individuals with original untyped and Alpha variant infections exhibited more loss than those with other variant infections; for example, total to severe loss occurred in 10 of 42 individuals with Alpha variant infections (23.8%) and 7 of 52 individuals with original variant infections (13.5%) compared with 12 of 434 individuals with no COVID-19 history (2.8%) (P < .001 for all). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, taste dysfunction as measured objectively was absent 1 year after exposure to COVID-19 while some smell loss remained in nearly one-third of individuals with this exposure, likely explaining taste complaints of many individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. Infection with earlier untyped and Alpha variants was associated with the greatest degree of smell loss.
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COVID-19 , Trastornos del Olfato , SARS-CoV-2 , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , Gusto/fisiología , Olfato/fisiología , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , Infecciones por Coronavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Coronavirus/fisiopatología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/fisiopatología , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Autoinforme , AncianoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression among patients with schizophrenia, to achieve early detection of depression in clinical practice. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive literature search was conducted globally, covering papers published from 1961 to June 2023. A total of 17 manuscripts were selected through meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis after examining available materials from seven databases to determine the correlation between depression and taste dysfunction. RESULTS: The comparison of the 17 selected manuscripts revealed that individuals with gustatory dysfunction may be more likely to experience depressive symptoms (SMD, 0.51, 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.93, p = 0.02). Depression is associated with taste dysfunction in certain aspects, as indicated by the pleasantness ratings of sucrose solutions (SMD, -0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.11 to 0.05, p = 0.08), gustatory identification ability (SMD, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.03 to 1.89, p = 0.04), and the perception threshold of sweet taste (MD, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.81, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Due to variations in the methods, designs, and selection criteria employed in the included studies, it is necessary to establish a feasible framework. Future research using detailed and targeted approaches can provide clearer and more unified conclusions on the relationship between taste dysfunction and depression. Moreover, further high-quality research is needed to obtain clearer conclusions and explore the potential of taste dysfunction as an effective tool for early screening of depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This review has been registered in the PROSPERO on April 2022 with the identifier CRD42023400172.
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Depresión , Esquizofrenia , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Gusto/fisiología , Percepción del Gusto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Much - possibly even too much - has been published about chemosensory dysfunction as a consequence of COVID-19. Studies have reported prevalence of taste loss in up to 89.9%, which is in a similar range as COVID-19 related smell loss. However, most of these publications rely solely on patients' self-reports. Only few studies used validated psychophysical tests to specifically address olfaction and gustation. Especially for gustation, it is evident that subjective reporting does not correlate well with more objective psychophysical findings, often leading to an overestimation of subjectively impaired taste.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Prevalencia , Trastornos del Gusto/epidemiología , Trastornos del Gusto/virología , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/epidemiología , Trastornos del Olfato/virología , Trastornos del Olfato/etiologíaRESUMEN
A preserved sense of smell and taste allows us to understand many environmental "messages" and results in meaningfully improvements to quality of life. With the COVID-19 pandemic, it became clear how important these senses are for social and nutritional status and catapulted this niche chemosensory research area towards widespread interest. In the current exploratory work, we assessed two groups of post-COVID-19 patients who reported having had (Group 1) or not (Group 2) a smell/taste impairment at the disease onset. The aim was to compare them using validated smell and taste tests as well as with brain magnetic resonance imaging volumetric analysis. Normative data were used for smell scores comparison and a pool of healthy subjects, recruited before the pandemic, served as controls for taste scores. The majority of patients in both groups showed an olfactory impairment, which was more severe in Group 1 (median UPSIT scores: 24.5 Group 1 vs 31.0 Group 2, p = 0.008), particularly among women (p = 0.014). No significant differences emerged comparing taste scores between Group 1 and Group 2, but dysgeusia was only present in Group 1 patients. However, for taste scores, a significant difference was found between Group 1 and controls (p = 0.005). No MRI anatomical abnormalities emerged in any patients while brain volumetric analysis suggested a significant difference among groups for the right caudate nucleus (p = 0.028), although this was not retained following Benjamini-Hochberg correction. This exploratory study could add new information in COVID-19 chemosensory long-lasting impairment and address future investigations on the post-COVID-19 patients' research.
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COVID-19 , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos del Olfato , Trastornos del Gusto , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagen , COVID-19/complicaciones , Femenino , Masculino , Trastornos del Olfato/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Trastornos del Gusto/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Anciano , SARS-CoV-2 , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Primary objective was to determine if a patient informational brochure describing potentially useful strategies could help manage specific taste changes. Secondary objective was to describe the specific strategies used and whether the strategies were perceived as being helpful. PROCEDURE: This single-center study included pediatric patients with cancer or hematopoietic cell transplant recipients receiving active treatment who experienced bothersome taste changes in the last month. Participants participated in baseline and follow-up interviews conducted 14-21 days apart. A brochure that listed 16 potentially helpful strategies was provided at baseline. At follow-up, we asked about brochure use and whether it helped. At both interviews, we asked about experienced taste changes, strategies used, and whether strategy helped. RESULTS: Of 100 enrolled participants, different (87%) and bad (72%) taste were most common at baseline. Following the brochure intervention, statistically significant reductions were observed in food tasting different, bad, bland, bitter, sour, and metallic. For most strategies, the proportion of patients who used specific strategies or found them helpful was not significantly different between baseline and follow-up. However, "eating foods you like" was considered helpful in significantly more participants who used the strategy in follow-up (72 out of 89, 80.9%) compared with baseline (55 out of 95, 57.9%; p = .008). Between visits, 81.2% looked at the brochure. Among participants, 53.1% found the brochure helpful, very helpful, or extremely helpful. CONCLUSIONS: A brochure that offered strategies to manage changes in taste helped participants cope with them. Further research should evaluate the brochure using randomized and multicenter trials.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Folletos , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/psicología , Adolescente , Preescolar , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Gusto/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Gusto/terapia , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gusto , Lactante , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in non-hospitalized Brazilian adults who presented severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection symptoms and attended primary health care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a routine standardized diagnostic screening questionnaire applied in a Brazilian primary care facility. The olfactory and taste disorder occurrence was compared between severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-negative cases and described by age and sex. RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive patients had a higher proportion of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders, as compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome-negative (50.7%, vs. 20.6%, p<0.0001). Of all individuals with self-reported olfactory and taste disorder cases, 69% presented both olfactory and taste impairments, 13% olfactory only, and 17% taste only. In severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive cases, the frequency of olfactory and taste disorders was significantly higher among females as compared with males (71% vs. 34%). Additionally, people with olfactory and taste disorders were significantly younger in the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive group. CONCLUSION: Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders are highly common among non-hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive Brazilian people who attended the Family Health Care Unit. The co-occurrence of both self-reported olfactory and taste disorders was more frequent than self-reported olfactory or taste disorders alone.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Trastornos del Olfato , Pueblos Sudamericanos , Trastornos del Gusto , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Atención Primaria de Salud , Trastornos del Gusto/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics associated with measured gustatory dysfunction in patients with chemosensory (smell and taste) discomfort. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. DESIGN: Hospital-based cohort. SETTING: The clinical characteristics associated with the measured diagnosis of gustatory dysfunction were statistically analysed. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent all the psychophysical olfactory and chemical gustatory function tests (YSK olfactory function test and chemical gustometry exam) and the subjective questionnaires between October 2021 and February 2023. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: YSK olfactory function test and chemical gustometry results, subjective questionnaire score about chemosensory (smell and taste) functions. The Medical records of patients who visited the smell and taste centre in a tertiary. RESULTS: A total of 219 patients were enrolled; 180 were diagnosed as having normal gustatory function, and 39 were diagnosed as having gustatory dysfunction. Subjective recognition of gustatory function was not associated with the measured gustatory function. Age, sex, measured olfactory function and the threshold and discrimination scores for the olfactory function test were significant factors in the multivariate analysis. When the patients were further divided according to age, the threshold test scores rather than other subsets in the olfactory function test were significantly associated with measured gustatory dysfunction in patients 60 and older. CONCLUSION: In older adult male patients with olfactory dysfunction, gustatory function should be considered regardless of subjective gustatory dysfunction.