RESUMEN
Home gardens may help address childhood malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries. In this quasi-experimental pilot study, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, in collaboration with Maya Health Alliance, evaluated the feasibility of augmenting a standard-of-care nutrition-specific package for Maya children with length-for-age z score ≤-2 (stunting) in rural Guatemala with a nutrition-sensitive home garden intervention. Two agrarian municipalities in Guatemala were included. Families of 70 children with stunting from 1 municipality received the standard-of-care package (food supplementation, multiple micronutrient powders, monthly nutrition home visits, group nutrition classes). Families of 70 children with stunting from another municipality received the standard-of-care package plus a home garden intervention (garden materials, monthly agricultural home visits, agriculture classes). Maternal and child dietary diversity, household food insecurity, child growth, and agricultural indicators were collected at baseline and 6 months later and were analyzed using mixed linear and logistic regression models. Compared with the standard-of-care group, the garden intervention group had improved child (odds ratio [OR] 3.66, 95% CI 0.89-15.10, P = 0.07) and maternal dietary diversity (OR 2.31, 95% CI 0.80-6.65, P = 0.12) and decreased food insecurity (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.11-1.35, P = 0.14); however, these effects were not statistically significant. Participation in gardens predicted a higher length-for-age z-score (change difference [CD] 0.22 SD, 95% CI 0.05-0.38, P = 0.009), greater crop species count (CD 2.97 crops, 95% CI 1.79-4.16, P < 0.001), and greater nutritional functional diversity (CD 0.04 points, 95% CI 0.01-0.07, P = 0.006) than standard-of-care alone. Home garden interventions are feasible in rural Guatemala and may have potential benefits for child growth when added to other nutrition-specific interventions.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/terapia , Dieta/normas , Jardinería , Jardines , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Terapia Nutricional , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/etnología , Preescolar , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etnología , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Población Rural , Nivel de AtenciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the racial/ethnic inequity in growth hormone (GH) use is due to differences in GH stimulation testing and/or prescribing patterns in children referred for endocrine evaluation of short stature. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review was performed including children aged 2-16 years, height z-score of ≤-1.5, and of non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), or Hispanic race/ethnicity, referred for endocrine growth evaluation between January 2012 and December 2019. RESULTS: This study included 7425 children (5905 NHW, 800 NHB, and 720 Hispanic). GH stimulation testing was performed in 992, and 576 were prescribed GH. NHW children were 1.4 (95% CI, 1.04-1.8) times more likely than NHB children and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2-2.2) times more likely than Hispanic children to undergo GH stimulation testing. GH-treated NHB children had (1) a lower median peak GH concentration when compared with NHW (P = .02) and Hispanic (P = .08) children (NHB 4.7 ng/mL [95% CI, 1.2-8.3 ng/mL] ng/mL, NHW 7.2 ng/mL [95% CI, 4.9-9.7 ng/mL], Hispanic 7.1 ng/mL [95% CI, 4.3-11.9 ng/mL]); (2) lower median height z-scores than NHW (P = .01) but not Hispanic children (P = .5); and (3) a greater height deficit from midparental height when compared with NHW (P = .01) and Hispanic (P = .002) children. CONCLUSIONS: Racial and ethnic disparities exist in the evaluation and treatment of children with disordered growth. This likely results from both overinvestigation of NHW children as well as underinvestigation and undertreatment of children from minority communities. The evaluation and treatment of children with short stature should be determined by clinical concern alone, but this is not current practice.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano , Trastornos del Crecimiento/diagnóstico , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/etnología , Hispánicos o Latinos , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/deficiencia , Población Blanca , Adolescente , Estatura , Niño , Preescolar , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Endocrino , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etnología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether high early parenteral soybean oil lipid intake in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the first week after birth decreases the proportion of weight loss and subsequently the incidence of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial of appropriate for gestational- ge VLBW infants. Lipid intake in the control group started at 0.5-1 g/kg per day and increased daily by 0.5-1 g/kg per day till reaching 3 g/kg per day. The intervention group was started on 2 g/kg per day that increased to 3 g/kg per day the following day. RESULTS: Of the 176 infants assessed for eligibility, 83 were included in the trial. Infants in the intervention group were started on lipid sooner (13.8 ± 7.8 vs 17.5 ± 7.8 hour; P = .03) and had higher cumulative lipid intake in the first 7 days of age (13.5 ± 4.2 vs 10.9 ± 3.5 g/kg per day; P = .03). Infants in the intervention group had a lower percentage of weight loss (10.4 vs 12.7%; P = .02). The mean triglyceride level was higher in the intervention group (1.91 ± 0.79 vs 1.49 ± 0.54 mmol/L; P = .01), however, hypertriglyceridemia was similar between the 2 groups. The incidence of EUGR was lower in the intervention group (38.6% vs 67.6%; P = .01). Head circumference z score was higher in the intervention group (-1.09 ± 0.96 vs -1.59 ± 0.98; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: In VLBW infants, provision of a high early dose of parenteral lipid in the first week of age results in less weight loss and lower incidence of EUGR. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03594474.
Asunto(s)
Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Nutrición Parenteral/métodos , Aceite de Soja/administración & dosificación , Peso al Nacer , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Infusiones Intravenosas , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intersectoral actions (ISA) are a recognized relationship between the health sector and other sectors to improve health outcomes. Although a frequent topic in public health studies, evidence for systematic evaluation of implementation of ISA is scarce. An intersectoral health intervention for infants under one-year-old with, and at risk of, stunting (low height-for-age) was developed by a public-private partnership in Bogotá, Colombia, during 2018 and 2019. Here we report a case study conducted in parallel to the intervention designed to assess factors that influenced implementation of the ISA. METHODS: The case study was developed using a concurrent mixed-methods design, with the qualitative component giving context to the quantitative results. The qualitative component was obtained from four workshops, three focus groups, and 17 semi-structured interviews with actors involved in the intersectoral intervention. The quantitative component was obtained with two questionnaires that evaluated perceptions on improvement and partnership functioning of the ISA. RESULTS: This study collected information from 122 participants. The intervention demanded intersectoral collaboration. Political will, motivated human resources, and recognition that health improvement results from collaboration, were factors that facilitated intersectoral actions. Intersectoral actions were limited by difficulties in engaging the health sector, communication challenges related to local health service decentralization, and administrative barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Intersectoral actions have recently been discussed in the literature due to challenges in implementation and doubts regarding economic outcomes. The implementation of intersectoral public health interventions can be jeopardized by a lack of coordination and management skills.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/organización & administración , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/prevención & control , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Colaboración Intersectorial , Asociación entre el Sector Público-Privado , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se o tratamento de crianças com baixa estatura, ofertado em um centro especializado, influencia seu desempenho cognitivo. Métodos: Foram analisados dois grupos de crianças advindas de famílias vulneráveis, um com crianças com baixa estatura em tratamento no Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional (CREN) e outro de crianças eutróficas de uma creche municipal localizada na mesma região do CREN. No CREN, as crianças são tratadas em semi-internato (9 horas/dia, 5 dias/semana), recebendo suporte médico, nutricional e psicopedagógico. Todas foram submetidas ao Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento de Denver-II e avaliadas quanto ao índice de estatura-para-idade em 3 momentos distintos: no início do acompanhamento e após 6 e 12 meses. A classificação socioeconômica das crianças, de acordo com os Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil, foi feita no início do acompanhamento. Calcularam-se razões de prevalência para a análise transversal da linha de base, por meio de uma regressão de Poisson, e razões de prevalência agrupadas para a análise longitudinal, por meio de um modelo de estimativas de equações generalizadas, ambas ajustadas por idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica. Resultados: Ao todo, 74 crianças foram analisadas, 37 em cada grupo. Não houve diferenças de idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica entre os grupos. Na análise longitudinal, o grupo CREN apresentou melhor desempenho no domínio pessoal-social (razão de prevalência agrupada: 0,89; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95%: 0,82-0,95), sem diferenças significativas para os demais domínios. Conclusão: O tratamento ofertado pelo CREN melhorou satisfatoriamente as habilidades sociais das crianças tratadas, sem alterar os demais domínios.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine if the treatment of stunted children offered at a specialized center influences their cognitive performance. Methods: Two groups of children from vulnerable families were selected, one consisting of stunted children being treated at the Nutrition Education and Recovery Center (CREN), and the other group of eutrophic children from a local, public day care center. At CREN, children are treated in a day-hospital system (9 hours/day, 5 days/week), receiving medical, nutritional and psycho-pedagogical support. All children were submitted to the Denver-II Development Screening Test and had their development and the height-for-age index assessed at 3 moments: at the beginning of the follow-up, and after 6 and 12 months. The socioeconomic status, according to the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, was assessed at the beginning of the follow-up. Data were treated by prevalence ratios for cross-sectional baseline analysis, using the Poisson regression, and by pooled prevalence ratios for longitudinal analysis, using a generalized equation estimation model, both adjusted by age, sex and economic status. Results: Seventy-four children were included, 37 for each group. There were no differences in age, sex and socioeconomic status between groups. In the longitudinal analysis, the CREN group showed better performance in the personal-social domain (pooled prevalence ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval - 95%IC 0.82-0.95), with no differences in the other domains. Conclusions: The treatment offered at CREN satisfactorily improved the social skills of the treated children, without changing other domains.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Cognición , Terapia Nutricional , Trastornos del Crecimiento/psicología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Clase Social , Estudios Transversales , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the treatment of stunted children offered at a specialized center influences their cognitive performance. METHODS: Two groups of children from vulnerable families were selected, one consisting of stunted children being treated at the Nutrition Education and Recovery Center (CREN), and the other group of eutrophic children from a local, public day care center. At CREN, children are treated in a day-hospital system (9 hours/day, 5 days/week), receiving medical, nutritional and psycho-pedagogical support. All children were submitted to the Denver-II Development Screening Test and had their development and the height-for-age index assessed at 3 moments: at the beginning of the follow-up, and after 6 and 12 months. The socioeconomic status, according to the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, was assessed at the beginning of the follow-up. Data were treated by prevalence ratios for cross-sectional baseline analysis, using the Poisson regression, and by pooled prevalence ratios for longitudinal analysis, using a generalized equation estimation model, both adjusted by age, sex and economic status. RESULTS: Seventy-four children were included, 37 for each group. There were no differences in age, sex and socioeconomic status between groups. In the longitudinal analysis, the CREN group showed better performance in the personal-social domain (pooled prevalence ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval - 95%IC 0.82-0.95), with no differences in the other domains. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment offered at CREN satisfactorily improved the social skills of the treated children, without changing other domains.
OBJETIVO: Determinar se o tratamento de crianças com baixa estatura, ofertado em um centro especializado, influencia seu desempenho cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dois grupos de crianças advindas de famílias vulneráveis, um com crianças com baixa estatura em tratamento no Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional (CREN) e outro de crianças eutróficas de uma creche municipal localizada na mesma região do CREN. No CREN, as crianças são tratadas em semi-internato (9 horas/dia, 5 dias/semana), recebendo suporte médico, nutricional e psicopedagógico. Todas foram submetidas ao Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento de Denver-II e avaliadas quanto ao índice de estatura-para-idade em 3 momentos distintos: no início do acompanhamento e após 6 e 12 meses. A classificação socioeconômica das crianças, de acordo com os Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil, foi feita no início do acompanhamento. Calcularam-se razões de prevalência para a análise transversal da linha de base, por meio de uma regressão de Poisson, e razões de prevalência agrupadas para a análise longitudinal, por meio de um modelo de estimativas de equações generalizadas, ambas ajustadas por idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica. RESULTADOS: Ao todo, 74 crianças foram analisadas, 37 em cada grupo. Não houve diferenças de idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica entre os grupos. Na análise longitudinal, o grupo CREN apresentou melhor desempenho no domínio pessoal-social (razão de prevalência agrupada: 0,89; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95%: 0,82-0,95), sem diferenças significativas para os demais domínios. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento ofertado pelo CREN melhorou satisfatoriamente as habilidades sociais das crianças tratadas, sem alterar os demais domínios.
Asunto(s)
Cognición , Trastornos del Crecimiento/psicología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Terapia Nutricional , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Clase SocialRESUMEN
BackgroundStunting is still very prevalent in many poor and developing regions in the world. This study assessed the effectiveness of a stunting recovery program in children and its associated factors.MethodsThe retrospective study was conducted in a center of stunting recovery. There, children stayed in a day-hospital system (9 h per day; 5 days per week), and received five meals per day, providing 80% of their energetic daily needs. The main outcome was the stunting recovery rate (i.e., the child present a height-for-age index (HAZ) >-1.0 at the time of data collection). A total of 75 children treated for at least 24 months, aged between 6 and 48 months and with an HAZ <-2.0 at the time of admission were included.ResultsThe average treatment time was 41 months. About 18 children (24.0%) recovered from stunting. The variable "age at admission >24 months" (prevalence rate (PR)=0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.99; P=0.04) and the variable "Household crowding index" (PR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.95; P=0.03) were associated with the success of the treatment.ConclusionThe environmental conditions in which the children live in their households and late admission to the center negatively influenced the success of stunting recovery, even with an intensive treatment.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Desnutrición/terapia , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Ambiente , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Hospitales Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Estado Nutricional , Admisión del Paciente , Distribución de Poisson , Pobreza , Prevalencia , Salud Pública , Estudios Retrospectivos , Clase Social , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Enfermedad Crónica , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Desnutrición/etiología , Niño , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Trastornos del Crecimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Crecimiento/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Humanos , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/fisiopatología , Desnutrición/terapia , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
Tall stature is defined as a height of more than 2 standard deviations (s.d.) above average for same sex and age. Tall individuals are usually referred to endocrinologists so that hormonal disorders leading to abnormal growth are excluded. However, the majority of these patients have familial tall stature or constitutional advance of growth (generally associated with obesity), both of which are diagnoses of exclusion. It is necessary to have familiarity with a large number of rarer overgrowth syndromes, especially because some of them may have severe complications such as aortic aneurysm, thromboembolism and tumor predisposition and demand-specific follow-up approaches. Additionally, endocrine disorders associated with tall stature have specific treatments and for this reason their recognition is mandatory. With this review, we intend to provide an up-to-date summary of the genetic conditions associated with overgrowth to emphasize a practical diagnostic approach of patients with tall stature and to discuss the limitations of current growth interruption treatment options.
Asunto(s)
Estatura , Trastornos del Crecimiento/diagnóstico , Acromegalia/diagnóstico , Acromegalia/metabolismo , Acromegalia/terapia , Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/complicaciones , Síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann/diagnóstico , Cromosomas Humanos X/genética , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/complicaciones , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/genética , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Placa de Crecimiento/cirugía , Homocistinuria/complicaciones , Homocistinuria/diagnóstico , Homocistinuria/genética , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Síndrome de Klinefelter/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Klinefelter/genética , Síndrome de Marfan/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Marfan/genética , Obesidad/complicaciones , Aberraciones Cromosómicas Sexuales , Trastornos de los Cromosomas Sexuales del Desarrollo Sexual/diagnóstico , Trastornos de los Cromosomas Sexuales del Desarrollo Sexual/genética , Síndrome de Sotos/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sotos/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sotos/genética , Tirotoxicosis/complicaciones , Trisomía/diagnóstico , Trisomía/genéticaRESUMEN
The Maya people are descended from the indigenous inhabitants of southern Mexico, Guatemala and adjacent regions of Central America. In Guatemala, 50% of infants and children are stunted (very low height-for-age), and some rural Maya regions have >70% children stunted. A large, longitudinal, intergenerational database was created to (1) provide deep data to prevent and treat somatic growth faltering and impaired neurocognitive development, (2) detect key dependencies and predictive relations between highly complex, time-varying, and interacting biological and cultural variables and (3) identify targeted multifactorial intervention strategies for field testing and validation. Contributions to this database included data from the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Longitudinal Study of Child and Adolescent Development, child growth and intergenerational studies among the Maya in Mexico and studies about Maya migrants in the United States.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Crecimiento/prevención & control , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Adolescente , Desarrollo del Adolescente , Estatura , Peso Corporal , América Central/epidemiología , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil , Preescolar , Disfunción Cognitiva/prevención & control , Disfunción Cognitiva/terapia , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Guatemala/epidemiología , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Población Rural , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To estimate trends of undernutrition (stunting and underweight) among children younger than 5 years covered by the universal health coverage programs Plan Nacer and Programa Sumar. METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, Plan Nacer and Programa Sumar collected high-quality information on birth and visit dates, age (in days), gender, weight (in kg), and height (in cm) for 1.4 million children in 6386 health centers (13 million records) with broad coverage of vulnerable populations in Argentina. RESULTS: The prevalence of stunting and underweight decreased 45.0% (from 20.6% to 11.3%) and 38.0% (from 4.0% to 2.5%), respectively, with differences between rural versus urban areas, gender, regions, age, and seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Undernutrition prevalence substantially decreased in 2 programs in Argentina as a result of universal health coverage.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Infantil , Crecimiento , Estado Nutricional , Delgadez/epidemiología , Cobertura Universal del Seguro de Salud , Argentina/epidemiología , Estatura , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/epidemiología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Prevalencia , Población Rural , Factores Socioeconómicos , Población Urbana , Poblaciones VulnerablesRESUMEN
SUMMARY Objective: to assess the nutritional practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) associated with growth retardation in premature (preterm) infants. Methods: retrospective study of preterm infants weighing between 500 and 1,499g admitted to NICU. Evolution of growth and parenteral (PN) and enteral (EN) nutrition practices were analyzed. Results: among 184 preterm infants divided into G1 (500 to 990g; n=63) and G2 (1000 to 1499g; n=121), 169 received PN (G1=63, G2=106). Compared with the recommendations, PN was started late, its progress was slow and the maximum glucose, amino acid, lipid and energy supplies were low in both groups. The initial supply of amino acid and lipid and initial and maximum glucose and energy were lower in G1. The onset of EN was early (1-2 days), the time to reach exclusive EN was appropriate (11-15 days) and the use of human milk was possible in a reasonable amount of time (7-13 days). The multivariate analysis showed that respiratory distress syndrome and obtaining a supply of 120 kcal/kg/day too late increased the chance of weight loss greater than 10%. Sepsis, maximum energy supply for PN <60 kcal/kg/day and obtaining a supply of 120 kcal/kg/day too late increased the chance of regaining birth weight after 14 days, while small for gestational age (SGA) at birth reduced this chance. SGA at birth, sepsis and achieving exclusive enteral nutrition after 14 days increased the chance of being SGA at post-conceptual age of term. Conclusion: improving nutritional practices in the NICU can reduce the growth deficit in premature infants of very low birth weight.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as práticas nutricionais em unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais (UCIN) associadas a déficit de crescimento em recém-nascidos pré-termo (RNPT). Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de RNPT com peso entre 500 e 1.499 g internados em UCIN. Analisaram-se: evolução do crescimento e práticas de nutrição parenteral (NP) e enteral (NE). Resultados: dentre 184 RNPT divididos em G1 (500 a 990 g; n=63) e G2 (1.000 a 1.499 g; n=121), 169 receberam NP (G1=63; G2=106). Comparando-se com as recomendações, a NP foi iniciada tardiamente, sua progressão foi lenta e as ofertas máximas de glicose, aminoácidos, lipídios e energia foram baixas nos dois grupos. A oferta inicial de aminoácido e lipídio e a inicial e máxima de glicose e energia foram menores no G1. O início da NE foi precoce (1 a 2 dias), o tempo para atingir NE exclusiva foi adequado (11 a 15 dias), e o uso de leite humano foi possível por tempo razoável (7 a 13 dias). A análise multivariada mostrou que a síndrome do desconforto respiratório e o alcance tardio da oferta de 120 kcal/kg/dia aumentaram a chance de perda de peso superior a 10%. Sepse, oferta energética máxima por NP < 60 kcal/kg/dia e alcance tardio da oferta de 120 kcal/kg/dia aumentaram a chance de recuperar o peso de nascimento após 14 dias, enquanto a condição de pequeno para idade gestacional (PIG) ao nascimento reduziu essa chance. PIG ao nascimento, sepse e alcance de NE exclusiva após 14 dias aumentaram a chance de ser PIG na idade pós-conceptual de termo. Conclusão: aprimorar as práticas nutricionais em UCIN pode reduzir o déficit de crescimento em prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Recien Nacido Prematuro/crecimiento & desarrollo , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nutrición Parenteral/métodos , Peso al Nacer , Ingestión de Energía/fisiología , Nutrición Enteral/normas , Trastornos del Crecimiento/prevención & control , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Leche Humana , Nutrición Parenteral/normas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Aumento de Peso/fisiología , Pérdida de Peso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to assess the nutritional practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) associated with growth retardation in premature (preterm) infants. METHODS: retrospective study of preterm infants weighing between 500 and 1,499 g admitted to NICU. Evolution of growth and parenteral (PN) and enteral (EN) nutrition practices were analyzed. RESULTS: among 184 preterm infants divided into G1 (500 to 990 g; n=63) and G2 (1000 to 1499 g; n=121), 169 received PN (G1=63, G2=106). Compared with the recommendations, PN was started late, its progress was slow and the maximum glucose, amino acid, lipid and energy supplies were low in both groups. The initial supply of amino acid and lipid and initial and maximum glucose and energy were lower in G1. The onset of EN was early (1-2 days), the time to reach exclusive EN was appropriate (11-15 days) and the use of human milk was possible in a reasonable amount of time (7-13 days). The multivariate analysis showed that respiratory distress syndrome and obtaining a supply of 120 kcal/kg/day too late increased the chance of weight loss greater than 10%. Sepsis, maximum energy supply for PN <60 kcal/kg/day and obtaining a supply of 120 kcal/kg/day too late increased the chance of regaining birth weight after 14 days, while small for gestational age (SGA) at birth reduced this chance. SGA at birth, sepsis and achieving exclusive enteral nutrition after 14 days increased the chance of being SGA at post-conceptual age of term. CONCLUSION: improving nutritional practices in the NICU can reduce the growth deficit in premature infants of very low birth weight.
Asunto(s)
Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Recien Nacido Prematuro/crecimiento & desarrollo , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nutrición Parenteral/métodos , Peso al Nacer , Ingestión de Energía/fisiología , Nutrición Enteral/normas , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/prevención & control , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Masculino , Leche Humana , Nutrición Parenteral/normas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Aumento de Peso/fisiología , Pérdida de Peso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: la somatropina es una opción para el tratamiento de la restricción del crecimiento en niñas con síndrome de Turner. Esta evaluación tecnológica se desarrolló en el marco de la actualización integral del Plan Obligatorio de Salud para el año 2015. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de la somatropina comparada con placebo o no tratamiento para la restricción del crecimiento en niñas con síndrome de Turner. Metodología: la evaluación fue realizada de acuerdo con un protocolo definido a priori por el grupo desarrollador. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects y LILACS, sin restricciones de idioma y limitada a revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en los últimos cinco años. Las búsquedas en bases de datos fueron hechas entre octubre y diciembre de 2014 y se complementaron mediante búsqueda manual en bola de nieve y una consulta con expertos temáticos. La tamización de referencias se realizó por dos revisores de forma independiente y los desacuerdos fueron resueltos por consenso. La selección de estudios fue realizada mediante la revisión en texto completo de las referencias preseleccionadas, verificando los criterios de elegibilidad. Se seleccionaron revisiones sistemáticas de ensayos clínicos, su calidad fue valorada con la herramienta AMSTAR. Las características de las revisiones fueron extraídas a partir de las publicaciones originales. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de las estimaciones del efecto para las comparaciones y desenlaces de interés a partir de los estudios de mejor calidad con AMSTAR. Resultados: se seleccionó una revisión sistemática que incluyó 28 ensayos clínicos (1830 pacientes), cinco de estos ensayos (496 pacientes) fueron relevantes para la pregunta abordada por la presente evaluación. La somatropina comparada con placebo se asoció con un aumento estadísticamente significativo de la velocidad de crecimiento y no presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa sobre el contenido mineral óseo total. En comparación con no tratamiento, la somatropina se asoció con un aumento estadísticamente significativo de la velocidad de crecimiento, desviación estándar de la velocidad de crecimiento, talla, desviación estándar de la talla, desviación estándar de la talla para adulto con Turner y desviación estándar de la talla ajustada por edad específica para síndrome de Turner. La velocidad de crecimiento fue significativamente más alta con bajas y altas dosis de somatropina en comparación con placebo. Se presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en contra de la somatropina versus placebo sobre la frecuencia de otitis media (ocurrencia/empeoramiento). En comparación con no tratamiento, la somatropina se asoció con una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la aparición de bocio, y un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la ocurrencia de procedimientos quirúrgicos, otitis media, trastornos del oído, trastornos de la articulación, trastornos respiratorios y sinusitis. Conclusiones: el desempeño global de la somatropina para el tratamiento de la restricción del crecimiento en niñas con síndrome de Turner, muestra que la mayoría de los desenlaces de efectividad favorecen a la somatropina, mientras que la mayoría de los eventos adversos están en contra de esta tecnología. Estas conclusiones se basan en los hallazgos de una revisión sistemática de alta calidad.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Embarazo , Niño , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Síndrome de Turner/fisiopatología , Tecnología Biomédica , Colombia , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introducción: la somatropina es una opción para el tratamiento del déficit de la hormona del crecimiento en niños. Esta evaluación tecnológica se desarrolló en el marco de la actualización integral del Plan Obligatorio de Salud para el año 2015. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de la somatropina comparada con placebo o no tratamiento para el déficit de la hormona del crecimiento en niños. Metodología: la evaluación fue realizada de acuerdo con un protocolo definido a priori por el grupo desarrollador. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects y LILACS, sin restricciones de idioma y limitada a revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en los últimos cinco años. Las búsquedas en bases de datos fueron hechas entre octubre y diciembre de 2014 y se complementaron mediante búsqueda manual en bola de nieve y una consulta con expertos temáticos. La tamización de referencias se realizó por dos revisores de forma independiente y los desacuerdos fueron resueltos por consenso. La selección de estudios fue realizada mediante la revisión en texto completo de las referencias preseleccionadas, verificando los criterios de elegibilidad. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas de ensayos clínicos, su calidad fue valorada con la herramienta AMSTAR. Las características de las revisiones fueron extraídas a partir de las publicaciones originales. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de las estimaciones del efecto para las comparaciones y desenlaces de interés a partir de los estudios de mejor calidad con AMSTAR. Resultados: se seleccionó una revisión sistemática que incluyó 28 ensayos clínicos (1830 pacientes), uno de estos ensayos (19 pacientes) fue de interés para la presente evaluación. La somatropina comparada con no tratamiento se asoció con un aumento estadísticamente significativo de la velocidad de crecimiento, la desviación estándar de la talla y los niveles de IGF-1 (somatomedina C). Conclusiones: el desempeño global de la somatropina para el tratamiento de niños con déficit de la hormona del crecimiento, muestra que la totalidad de los desenlaces de efectividad favorecen a la somatropina, en cuanto a su seguridad comparativa existe incertidumbre. Estas conclusiones se basan en los hallazgos de una revisión sistemática de alta calidad.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Hormona del Crecimiento/deficiencia , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/uso terapéutico , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Colombia , Tecnología BiomédicaRESUMEN
Antecedentes: Descripción de la condición de salud de interés: La Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC) es un síndrome clínico complejo, resultante de un deterioro progresivo e irreversible de la función renal, que se traduce en la incapacidad del riñón para remover los productos de desecho y mantener la homeostasis orgánica. Puede producirse por una variedad de condiciones, incluyendo trastornos congénitos, glomerulares o infecciones. Descripción de la tecnología: La HC es una hormona no sexual, producida en el lóbulo anterior de la glándula pituitaria o hipófisis, en respuesta fundamentalmente, al factor liberador de HC producido por el hipotálamo. La somatropina es la HC obtenida por tecnología de ADN recombinante; actúa como agente anabólico y anticatabólico, estimulando el crecimiento de los huesos largos e incrementando el número y tamaño de las células musculares en niños con deficiencia de HC, con lo cual se consigue un aumento de la talla final del paciente. Evaluación de efectividad y seguridad: Pregunta de evaluación: En niños menores de 18 años con insuficiencia renal crónica, ¿cuál es la efectividad y seguridad de la somatropina comparada con placebo o no intervención, para el tratamiento del retardo de crecimiento? La pregunta de investigación fue refinada y validada con base en: autorización de mercadeo de la tecnología para la indicación de interés (registro sanitario INVIMA), listado de medicamentos vitales no disponibles, cobertura de la tecnología en el Plan Obligatorio de Salud (POS) (Acuerdo 029 de 2011), revisión de grupos terapéuticos (código ATC: Anatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical classification system), recomendaciones de guías de práctica clínica actualizadas, disponibilidad de evidencia sobre efectividad y seguridad (reportes de evaluación de tecnologías, revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura), uso de las tecnologías (listas nacionales de recobro, estadísticas de prescripción, etc), estudios de prevalencia/incidencia y carga de enfermedad, y consulta con un experto temático (especialista clínico) representante de la Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Población: Niños menores de 18 años con insuficiencia renal crónica. Metodología: Búsqueda de literatura, Búsqueda en bases de datos electrónicas. Conclusiones: -Efectividad: en niños menores de 18 años con insuficiencia renal crónica, somatropina comparada con placebo o no intervención, es más efectiva para el aumento de la talla (después de 1 año de tratamiento) y de la velocidad de crecimiento (después de 6 meses y 1 año de tratamiento). La calidad global de la evidencia es baja (metodología GRADE), -Seguridad: los eventos adversos reportados con somatropina son poco comunes y su frecuencia es generalmente similar al grupo control.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Evaluación de la Tecnología Biomédica , Hormona del Crecimiento/uso terapéutico , Factores de Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , ColombiaAsunto(s)
Trastornos del Crecimiento/complicaciones , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/deficiencia , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/fisiología , Hipoglucemia/complicaciones , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pediatría/historia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Kidney transplantation has become the best treatment for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent times, knowledge concerning the effect of CKD and kidney transplantation over the normal growth rate has increased; now it is known that 40% of children with CKD do not reach the expected height for age. Growth retardation has been associated with the type of nephropathy, metabolic and endocrine disorders that are secondary to kidney disease, immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids, and suboptimal function of renal allograft. Nowadays, we know better the role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in growth retardation we can see it in children with CKD or recipients of renal allograft. Several studies have shown that administration of recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) has a positive effect on the longitudinal growth of children and teenagers who have received a kidney transplant. On the other hand, there have been reported side effects associated with using rhGH; however, these are not statistically significant. In this article, we show a small review about growth in children with CKD and/or recipients of renal allografts the growth pattern of three children who were known by the Transplant Group of National University of Colombia, and the results obtained with the use of rhGH in one of these cases. We want to show the possibility of achieving a secure use of rhGH in children with CKD and its use as a therapeutic option for treating the growth retardation in children with kidney transplantation, and set out the need of typifying the growth pattern of Colombian children with CKD and/or who are recipients of renal allografts through multicenter studies to propose and analyze the inclusion of rhGH in the therapeutic scheme of Colombian children with these two medical conditions. rhGH could be a useful tool for treating children with CKD or kidney transplantation who have not reached the expected longitudinal growth for age. However, it is necessary to know the growth pattern standards for Colombian children with CKD or kidney transplant in Bogotá-Colombia to include the rhGH in clinical protocols for treatment of these patients.
Asunto(s)
Hormona del Crecimiento/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Insuficiencia Renal/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal/terapia , Adolescente , Niño , Colombia , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/complicaciones , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Hormona de Crecimiento Humana/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Trasplante de Riñón/métodos , Masculino , Trasplante Homólogo , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Países Desarrollados , Países en Desarrollo , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/prevención & control , Intervención Educativa Precoz/organización & administración , Trastornos del Crecimiento/terapia , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Preescolar , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/terapia , Femenino , Trastornos del Crecimiento/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactante , Jamaica , Masculino , Evaluación de Necesidades , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Children born prematurely with growth failure might benefit from GH treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the first year growth response to GH treatment in short children born prematurely and to identify predictors of the growth response. DESIGN/PATIENTS: A total of 3215 prepubertal children born prematurely who were on GH treatment were selected from KIGS (The Pfizer International Growth Database), a large observational database. They were classified according to gestational age as preterm (PT; 33 to no more than 37 wk) and very preterm (VPT; <33 wk), and according to birth weight as appropriate for gestational age [AGA; between -2 and +2 sd score (SDS)] and small for gestational age (SGA; -2 SDS or below). RESULTS: Four groups were identified: PT AGA (n = 1928), VPT AGA (n = 629), PT SGA (n = 519), and VPT SGA (n = 139). GH treatment was started at a median age of 7.5, 7.2, 6.7, and 6.0 yr, respectively. After the first year of GH treatment, all four groups presented a significant increase in weight gain and height velocity, with a median increase in height SDS higher than 0.6. Using multiple stepwise regression analysis, 27% of the variation in height velocity could be explained by the GH dose, GH peak during provocative test, weight and age at GH start, adjusted parental height, and birth weight SDS. The first year growth response of the children born PT and SGA could be estimated by the SGA model published previously. CONCLUSION: Short children born prematurely respond well to the first year of GH treatment. Long-term follow-up is needed.