RESUMEN
There has been significant interest in the changes in menstrual cycles following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the evidence for such changes and their potential risk factors. We used a descriptive study design and gathered data by sharing an online survey questionnaire on social media platforms. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic factors, menstrual cycle changes, and COVID-19 anxiety. The study population comprised women aged 18 to 49 years from Izmir. All data analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0. The risk factors influencing menstrual irregularities were determined after the COVID binary logistic regression analysis, including univariate and multivariate models. Among the 465 participants, those with an associate's degree had a significantly higher risk of menstrual irregularities than those with a high school diploma (Pâ =â .012). Anxiety scores emerged as a significant risk factor for menstrual cycle irregularities (Pâ =â .026). However, neither COVID-19 infection nor vaccination resulted in significant changes in the menstrual cycle characteristics (Pâ >â .05). Other sociodemographic variables, such as age, body mass index, and smoking, were not significantly associated with menstrual cycle changes(Pâ >â .05). The study findings suggest that educational level and anxiety may play a role in menstrual irregularities, whereas COVID-19 infection or vaccination itself may not directly affect menstrual cycle.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Trastornos de la Menstruación , Humanos , Femenino , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Ansiedad/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/etiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicología , EscolaridadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Regularity of menstrual cycles is an important indicator of women's health and fertility, and female workers are exposed to several factors, such as sleep disorders, stress, and shift work, that affect their menstrual regularity. This makes it necessary to comprehensively identify the determinants of menstrual regularity. Therefore, this study identified the factors affecting menstrual regularity among female workers from physiological, psychological, and situational dimensions based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and utilized the data of 2418 female workers. Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms, physiological factors included age, age at menarche, childbirth experience, body mass index, and sleep duration. Psychological factors included stress level, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation. Situational factors included education level, household income, consumption of alcohol, engagement in smoking, and work schedule. The χ²-test and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were performed, reflecting the complex sample design. RESULTS: Age at menarche, childbirth experience, and body mass index among physiological factors and education level and work schedule among situational factors were found to be related to menstrual regularity. A higher risk of menstrual irregularities was found among those who had given birth (versus those who had not), had a high age at menarche (versus those with a low age at menarche), were obese (versus those who had a normal body mass index), had elementary school-level or lesser educational achievements (versus those with college graduate-level or higher educational achievements), and who had a shift work schedule (versus those with a fixed schedule). CONCLUSIONS: Intervention is needed for female workers who have these risk factors, and special attention must be paid to female workers who have a shift work schedule. Additionally, since body mass index can be controlled, intervention concerning body mass index is necessary to reduce menstrual irregularity.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Menarquia , Trastornos de la Menstruación , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , República de Corea/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Menarquia/psicología , Menstruación/psicología , Menstruación/fisiología , Ciclo Menstrual/psicología , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Encuestas Nutricionales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología , Mujeres Trabajadoras/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Menstrual cycle symptoms are very common in female athletes. However, more evidence about the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and symptoms with sleep and mental health in athletes needs to be gathered. This study aimed to examine this association in German exercising women and athletes. DESIGN: 322 women (mean age: 23.13⯱â¯4.36) participated in a cross-sectional study. The survey included the Menstrual Symptom index (MSi), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Athletes Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ). Additionally, demographic, sport-specific data and further menstrual cycle characteristics were examined. Multiple regression models were used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: The MSi score demonstrated a highly significant (pâ¯<â¯0.001) positive association with Depression, Anxiety, Stress, PSQI, and ASBQ. The most prevalent menstrual cycle symptoms were cravings/increased appetite, mood changes/anxiety, and tiredness/fatigue. A difference between individual and team sport athletes could not be found. Moreover, there was no association between the constructs and menses length, irregularity, or heaviness of bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Menstrual cycle symptoms occur very frequently in female athletes. In this study, they were related to mental health, sleep quality, and sleep behavior, regardless of the cycle phase. This evidence demonstrates the relevance of considering the menstrual cycle and menstrual symptoms in future studies with female athletes and in sport practice.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , Atletas , Depresión , Ejercicio Físico , Ciclo Menstrual , Salud Mental , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Atletas/psicología , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiología , Ciclo Menstrual/psicología , Alemania/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Calidad del Sueño , Sueño/fisiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Adolescente , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Fatiga/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to summarize the findings of studies regarding the perceived impact of the menstrual cycle on athletic performance, as well as the prevalence of negative menstrual cycle symptoms. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: Three databases were searched and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used as guidance. RESULTS: A total of 39 studies were included in the final analysis. Between 2.8 and 100â¯% of athletes reported their performance being negatively impacted by their menstrual cycle, and the main reason was the occurrence of menstrual cycle symptoms. Additionally, a large variability in the prevalence of menstrual cycle symptoms was reported in the different studies mainly due to methodological differences and recall biases. CONCLUSIONS: Similarly, as to what has been reported in reviews summarizing performance outcomes during different menstrual cycle phases, this review highlights the high degree of variability between how athletes perceive to be impacted by their menstrual/hormonal contraceptive cycle. REGISTRATION: The protocol of this scoping review was registered at the Open Science Framework on 14 September 2023 (osf.io/efu9x).
Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético , Ciclo Menstrual , Humanos , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiología , Ciclo Menstrual/psicología , Femenino , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Rendimiento Atlético/psicología , Atletas/psicología , Prevalencia , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicologíaRESUMEN
Cross-sectional studies indicate that menstrual problems are related to poorer mental health; however, longitudinal studies are limited. This longitudinal study aimed to determine whether baseline menstrual characteristics were risk factors for incident and persistent mental health problems. The study was conducted among Chinese adolescent girls. Menstrual characteristics including menarche, menstrual cycle and menstrual pain were assessed at baseline, whereas mental health problems including PTSD, depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, psychotic-like experiences, non-suicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt were assessed at baseline (n = 1039) and at the 1-year follow-up (n = 946) by self-administered, structured questionnaires. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine whether menstrual characteristics were associated with incident (e.g., PTSD at follow-up but not baseline) and persistent (e.g., PTSD at both time points) mental health problems. The results demonstrated that early menarche was related to persistence of psychotic-like experiences; irregular menstruation was associated with higher rates of incident anxiety and insomnia, and persistent depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, non-suicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, and suicide plan; menstrual pain was associated with elevated rates of incident PTSD and depression, and persistent depression, insomnia, psychotic-like experiences, non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. In conclusion, irregular menstruation and menstrual pain specifically contributed to the development of emotional problems and insomnia, and were associated with maintenance of the most mental health problems in early adolescence. The long-term effects of menstrual problems on mental health need further study.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Estudios Longitudinales , China/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Ideación Suicida , Factores de Riesgo , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Dismenorrea/epidemiología , Dismenorrea/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Menarquia/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Niño , Salud Mental , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Ciclo Menstrual/psicología , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiología , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
RESEARCH QUESTION: Menstruation is a physiological event often associated with subjective distress. Is there a tool that assesses and objectively evaluates the global distress experienced by women during their period? DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional study conducted between June 2019 and May 2020 at Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. A new questionnaire, The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q), was developed and administered to a group of healthy women (nâ¯=â¯418) of fertile age (18-50 years), without known uterine, psychiatric disorders, or both. The MEDI-Q investigated 25 items, covering the following areas: pain, discomfort, psychic or cognitive changes, gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in physiological functions. MEDI-Q Total Score and the three sub-scales, Menstrual Symptoms (MS), Menstrual Symptoms Distress (MSD) and Menstrual Specificity Index (MESI) were evaluated. The validation of MEDI-Q was achieved by testing test-retest reliability and internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity. RESULTS: The MEDI-Q produced reliable results with good internal consistency, convergent and concurrent validity. MEDI-Q Total Score, MS and MSD all positively correlated with general psychopathology and premenstrual symptoms. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cut-off value of 20 (inclusive) and to identify the women with clinically relevant menstrual distress (area under the curve 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MEDI-Q is a new tool for evaluating menstruation-related distress, and provides a representative score of stress perception. MEDI-Q may be added to routine women's healthcare to help identify and adequately monitor menstruation-related disorders, and their effect on wellbeing, promptly.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Menstruación/psicología , Distrés Psicológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To determine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction (MD; ie, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and attitudes toward body weight among athletes and non-athletes, we studied a cohort of athletes and non-athletes, in adolescence (14-16 years) and subsequently in young adulthood (18-20 years). We further studied the differences between athletes reporting MD and eumenorrheic athletes at both time periods and identified physical and behavioral characteristics that might predict MD in young adulthood. Data were collected using questionnaires, accelerometers, and a pre-participation screening. In adolescence, the athletes reported current primary amenorrhea more often than the non-athletes (4.7% vs 0%, P = .03). In young adulthood, athletes reported MD more frequently than non-athletes (38.7% vs 5.6%, P < .001). Athletes had less desire than non-athletes to lose weight at both time points, and in adolescence, athletes were more satisfied with their weight. However, about one fifth of the athletes and about 40% of the non-athletes experienced body weight dissatisfaction at both time points. In adolescence, athletes reporting MD had lower BMI than eumenorrheic athletes. In young adulthood, athletes with MD were more physically active than eumenorrheic athletes. The only longitudinal predictor of MD in young adulthood was MD in adolescence. Our findings indicate that MD is relatively frequent among young Finnish athletes. However, athletes appear to have a smaller tendency to experience body weight dissatisfaction than their non-athletic peers. MD seems to track from adolescence to adulthood, suggesting that there is a need to focus on possible causes at the earliest feasible phase of an athlete's career.
Asunto(s)
Atletas/psicología , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Peso Corporal , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Acelerometría , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Amenorrea/epidemiología , Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal , Estudios de Cohortes , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/administración & dosificación , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Humanos , Menstruación/psicología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Oligomenorrea/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The study aimed to analyse the factors affecting menstrual symptoms and attitudes among adolescent girls and the relationship between them. The sample of the cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical research was composed of 604 adolescent girls studying at a university. Individual Information Form, Menstruation Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) and Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) were used as data collection tool in the research. Average age of the students was 21.22 ± 1.71, and average menstrual cycle length was 29.3 ± 7.85 days. MSQ mean score was 69.84 ± 15.48 and MAQ mean score was 103.10 ± 9.84. These results are important for showing that students perceive menstruation as a natural phenomenon, despite significant menstrual symptoms.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? The intensity of menstrual symptoms is associated with negative menstrual attitudes. But, there have been few studies on the relationship between menstruation symptoms and attitudes and their impact on menstrual problems in Turkish adolescents.What the results of this study add? Adolescents' menstrual complaints are common, but their attitudes towards menstruation are positive. The lack of a significant relationship between menstrual symptoms and attitudes were more likely to be explained by the fact that young girls perceive menstruation as a natural phenomenon even though they have so many symptoms.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Further study should be extended to various cultures and destinations to understand the effect of culture on menstruation that rural areas may be surrounded by taboos and myths which might affect the negative attitude.
Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Menstruación/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Energy deficiency in exercising women can lead to physiological consequences. No gold standard exists to accurately estimate energy deficiency, but measured-to-predicted resting metabolic rate (RMR) ratio has been used to categorize women as energy deficient. The purpose of the study was to (a) evaluate the accuracy of RMR prediction methods, (b) determine the relationships with physiological consequences of energy deficiency, and (c) evaluate ratio thresholds in a cross-sectional comparison of ovulatory, amenorrheic, or subclinical menstrual disturbances in exercising women (n = 217). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and indirect calorimetry provided data on anthropometrics and energy expenditure. Harris-Benedict, DXA, and Cunningham (1980 and 1991) equations were used to estimate RMR and RMR ratio. Group differences were assessed (analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests); logistic regression and Spearman correlations related ratios with consequences of energy deficiency (i.e., low total triiodothyronine; TT3). Sensitivity and specificity calculations evaluated ratio thresholds. Amenorrheic women had lower RMR (p < .05), DXA ratio (p < .01), Cunningham1980 (p < .05) and Cunningham1991 (p < .05) ratio, and TT3 (p < .01) compared with the ovulatory group. Each prediction equation overestimated measured RMR (p < .001), but predicted (p < .001) and positively correlated with TT3 (r = .329-.453). A 0.90 ratio threshold yielded highest sensitivity for Cunningham1980 (0.90) and Harris-Benedict (0.87) methods, but a higher ratio threshold was best for DXA (0.94) and Cunningham1991 (0.92) methods to yield a sensitivity of 0.80. In conclusion, each ratio predicted and correlated with TT3, supporting the use of RMR ratio as an alternative assessment of energetic status in exercising women. However, a 0.90 ratio cutoff is not universal across RMR estimation methods.
Asunto(s)
Metabolismo Basal , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Deficiencia Relativa de Energía en el Deporte/fisiopatología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adolescente , Adulto , Amenorrea/fisiopatología , Amenorrea/psicología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Calorimetría Indirecta , Estudios Transversales , Metabolismo Energético , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos de la Menstruación/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Ovulación , Triyodotironina/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Disorders of sex development (DSD) affect the quality of life of people who live with this condition. In developing countries, diagnoses of DSD are associated with a delay in presentation until the patients developed ambiguous physical traits and features. PURPOSE: This study explores the menstrual experiences of people with DSD and sex reassignment in Nigeria. METHODS: A qualitative approach with a phenomenological study design was employed in this study to explore and describe the experiences of people with DSD at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVivo software. RESULTS: The findings show that the participants experienced menstrual problems: men with menstruation and women with amenorrhea. The female participants generally described amenorrhea as a disappointment and linked menstruation with womanhood. Amenorrhea evinced both emotional and psychological effects. However, some of the female participants considered amenorrhea in a positive light and were happy with their lives without menstruation. The menstrual experiences of male participants included menarche, lower abdominal pain, regular monthly bleeding, and ovulation. The male participants described menstruation as a disaster in their lives and a source of anxiety, suicidal ideation, and depression. Menstruation negatively affected their psychosocial well-being. CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual experience of individuals with DSD negatively affects their quality of life. The women with DSD in this study showed a generally poor knowledge of menarche, menstruation, and puberty, indicating that their parents had ignored the initial symptoms of DSD. DSD were only recognized at puberty because of the development of ambiguous physical traits and of the onset of menstruation in men and the confirmation of amenorrhea in women.
Asunto(s)
Amenorrea/etiología , Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Menstruación/etiología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Amenorrea/epidemiología , Amenorrea/psicología , Niño , Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual/epidemiología , Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto/métodos , Masculino , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Nigeria/epidemiología , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
En este artículo pondremos un ejemplo de la vida real para demostrar con claridad todo lo escrito. Se trata del caso de una mujer de 35 años que llega a la consulta con un solo síntoma importante para ella. No le viene la menstruación desde hace años. Y si le viene, es solo esporádicamente. Refiere que la última vez que le ha venido regularmente fue cuando se separó de su novio; después se sintió libre y contenta, segura de sí misma. Años después, se ha vuelto a enamorar y han vuelto a desaparecer las menstruaciones. Cuando se configura la historia familiar nos encontramos (sin dar demasiados detalles) una historia con ciertas características que han constituido el lenguaje primordial, inconsciente y consciente, de la vida de la paciente. Resulta ser que, durante tres generaciones, mujeres dominantes y severas con los demás han tenido hijos naturales a escondidas, antes de casarse con sus maridos respectivos, que también han tenido otros hijos naturales fuera del matrimonio con anterioridad. Al final, acabaron casándose de manera oficial con sus respectivas mujeres (abuelas y madre de la paciente), ya que éstas habían quedado embarazadas. Ellos, hombres sin responsabilidad amorosa, vivieron ajenos a las obligaciones como padres; el condicionamiento social los forzó a mantener la casa y los hijos, pero sin que ello implicara la capacidad para proteger y educar a los hijos que, por tanto, siempre dependieron solo de ellas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Evolución Clínica , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicologíaRESUMEN
Objetivo: descrever a experiência de mulheres em relação à menstruação. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo baseado no método de análise de conteúdo temática. O cenário foi o campus de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 23 mulheres entre 20 e 72 anos de idade. Os dados foram obtidos entre julho/2015 e julho/2016 através da entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: foi identificada, como tema central/categoria, a questão da solidariedade entre mulheres quando o assunto é menstruação. Emergiram quatro sub-categorias: A conexão das mulheres com a menstruação; A experiência de menstruar afetando umas às outras; A influência e o suporte proveniente das mães e/ou de outras mulheres; e A transferência. Conclusão: a menstruação causa sentimentos ambíguos nas mulheres, resultando em predomínio de sentimentos negativos, como medo e sensação de vergonha. Ao mesmo tempo pode ser percebida como motivo de felicidade e tranquilidade. A solidariedade entre mulheres pode influenciar positivamente a percepção da mulher sobre a menstruação, sendo elemento de empoderamento.
Objective: to describe women's experience of menstruation. Methodology: this qualitative study was based on the thematic content analysis method. The setting was a public university campus in Rio de Janeiro. Twenty-three women from 20 to 72 years old participated. Data were obtained between July 2015 and July 2016 by semi-structured interview. Results: the central theme/category was identified as solidarity among women with regard to menstruation. Four subcategories emerged: women's connection with menstruation; one's experience of menstruating affects others; influence and support from mothers and/or other women; and transference. Conclusion: menstruation causes ambiguous feelings in women, with negative feelings, such as fear and a sense of shame, predominating. At the same time, it can be seen as a reason for happiness and tranquility. Solidarity among women is a factor of empowerment, and can influence women's perception of menstruation positively.
Objetivo: describir la experiencia de mujeres en relación con la menstruación. Metodología: estudio cualitativo basado en el método de análisis de contenido temático. El escenario fue el campus de una universidad pública en Río de Janeiro. Participaron 23 mujeres cuya edad estaba entre 20 y 72 años. Los datos se obtuvieron entre julio/2015 y julio/2016 a través de entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: se identificó, como tema central/categoría, la solidaridad entre mujeres en relación con la menstruación. Surgieron cuatro subcategorías: la conexión de las mujeres con la menstruación; la experiencia de menstruar, afectando unas a las otras; la influencia y el apoyo de las madres y/o de otras mujeres; y la transferencia. Conclusión: la menstruación causa sentimientos ambiguos en las mujeres, resultando en predominio de sentimientos negativos, como el miedo y la sensación de vergüenza. Al mismo tiempo, podría percibirse como un motivo de felicidad y tranquilidad. La solidaridad entre mujeres puede influir positivamente en su percepción sobre la menstruación, siendo un elemento de empoderamiento
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Apoyo Social , Salud de la Mujer , Menstruación/psicología , Enfermería Obstétrica , Solidaridad , Menstruación , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Women with sickle cell disease (SCD) are living longer as a result of advances in the care of their underlying disease. With the population growing of women living with SCD, reproductive health issues in this population have become an emphasized area of medical care. We sought to describe current patterns of contraception use, menstruation, and quality-of-life (QOL) measures in women with SCD. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study design, we administered paper surveys at two academic medical centers to women aged 10 to 55 years with SCD to capture current contraceptive use, characteristics of menstrual cycles, and QOL metrics. RESULTS: Of the 103 women who participated, 12.7% (13/102) experienced a duration of menses >7 days (defined here as prolonged menstrual bleeding). Approximately half of women (51.5%, 53/103) used some form of contraception, with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injections and condoms being the most common. During their last menstrual periods, women with both dysmenorrhea and prolonged menstrual bleeding (6.9%, 7/102) were more likely to experience more days of poor QOL, with more nights with sleep disturbance (P = 0.001) and more days with trouble taking care of themselves (P = 0.003), as well as being unable to do things they previously enjoyed (P = 0.001), compared with those with neither phenomenon (28.2%, 29/103). CONCLUSIONS: Dysmenorrhea and prolonged menstrual bleeding negatively affect the QOL of women with SCD. Menstrual histories and preventive measures for menstruation-related morbidity should be incorporated into routine evaluations of women with SCD.
Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/epidemiología , Anticoncepción/estadística & datos numéricos , Dismenorrea/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Menstruación , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Anticonceptivos Femeninos , Anticonceptivos Orales/uso terapéutico , Estudios Transversales , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Dismenorrea/fisiopatología , Dismenorrea/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de la Menstruación/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the independent role of age at menarche on menstrual abnormalities among adolescents. METHODS: The present study was a multicenter cross-sectional study on a large sample (n = 3782) of Italian girls aged 13-21 y attending secondary school who already had menarche. Girls were asked to fill in a questionnaire on menarcheal age and menstrual features during the latest three menses. The gynecological age was computed as the difference between age at the survey and the age at menarche. Main outcome measures were: prevalence of oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, menstrual cycle irregularity, abnormal bleeding length and dysmenorrhea. Irregularity in the recent past and since menarche was also studied. Multiple logistic models were used to identify any independent association between each abnormal feature and age at menarche or gynecological age. Adjusted ORs and 95%CI were performed. RESULTS: After adjusting for covariates, menarcheal age was not independently associated with polymenorrhea (OR = 0.81; 95%CI 0.63-1.04), oligomenorrhea (OR = 1.16; 95%CI 0.94-1.43), menstrual cycle irregularity (OR = 0.99; 95%CI 0.86-1.14), abnormal bleeding length (OR = 0.96; 95%CI 0.87-1.06) and dysmenorrhea (OR = 1.03; 95%CI 0.85-1.24). The multivariate analysis suggests that the higher prevalence of oligomenorrhea and menstrual cycle irregularity among the girls who were older at menarche might be purely explained by their younger gynecological age. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of any independent influence of age at menarche on menstrual abnormalities among young girls was shown by the investigation. The findings suggest that, after menarche, adolescent girls' menstrual health should be checked to monitor the endocrine system maturation and to early intercept latent disorders becoming symptomatic.
Asunto(s)
Menarquia/fisiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Instituciones Académicas , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Edad de Inicio , Estudios Transversales , Dismenorrea/epidemiología , Dismenorrea/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Ciclo Menstrual/psicología , Menstruación , Análisis Multivariante , Oligomenorrea/epidemiología , Oligomenorrea/psicología , Padres , Prevalencia , Estudiantes , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major public health concern worldwide affecting up to one in five women at reproductive age. It is associated with biochemical and hormonal disturbances as well as adverse cosmetic, reproductive, metabolic, and psychological consequences, resulting in worsened quality of life. The aim of the present study is evaluating the quality of life and determining its degrading factors among Iranian women suffering from this syndrome. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 PCOS women in Hamadan, Iran. In order to measure quality of life we used the Persian version of Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire for PCOS (PCOSQ). Descriptive statistics was used to explore the data. In addition linear regression analysis was performed to assess factors affecting health-related quality of life in this population. RESULTS: The mean score for quality of life domains (from the greatest to the least serious concern) were: infertility (3.43 ± 1.63), emotions (3.55 ± 1.17), menstrual problems (3.77 ± 1.36), body hair (3.80 ± 2.05) and weight (4.32 ± 1.80), respectively. The higher score represents better function. However, multivariate analysis revealed that hirsutism had the strongest impact on the patients' quality of life (p < 0.001) followed by infertility (p = 0.038) and menstrual irregularity (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that impairment of quality of life was associated with PCOS related conditions such as hirsutism, infertility and menstrual problems.
Asunto(s)
Emociones , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
This study aimed to examine whether the characteristics of mental health and sleep duration, alone or in combination, are associated with menstrual cycle irregularity. This population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed the data from 4445 women aged 19-49 years, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. A structured questionnaire was used to assess mental health characteristics, sleep duration, and menstrual cycle irregularity. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. High stress, depressive mood, and suicidal ideation were associated with increased risk of menstrual cycle irregularity after adjusting for confounding variables (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.33 [1.07-1.65], 1.56 [1.17-2.07], and 1.37 [1.01-1.87], respectively). Short sleep duration (≤ 5 h a day) was significantly associated with higher odds of severe menstrual cycle irregularity with menstrual interval of greater than 3 months (2.67 [1.35-5.27]). Participants with sleep duration of ≤ 5 h a day with psychological stress, depressive mood, or suicidal ideation had higher odds of menstrual cycle irregularity (1.96 [1.26-3.05], 2.86 [1.50-5.44], and 2.25 [1.18-4.29]). This study suggests positive associations of mental health problems and short sleep duration with menstrual cycle irregularity among Korean female adults. Therefore, strategies to deal with psychological stress, depressive mood, and sleep duration are needed for improving the reproductive health of women suffering from menstrual disturbances.
Asunto(s)
Depresión , Trastornos de la Menstruación , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene del Sueño/fisiología , Estrés Psicológico , Ideación Suicida , Adulto , Anciano , Correlación de Datos , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo , Salud de la Mujer/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Menstrual problems and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are common in adolescent girls. This study examined whether onset of menstruation and menstrual problems were related to NSSI in Chinese female adolescents. A total of 5696 adolescent girls participated in the baseline survey of Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort (SABHC) study in Shandong, China. A structured questionnaire was used to ask about participants' lifetime and last-year NSSI, age at menarche, menstrual cycle interval, menstrual flow length, menstrual irregularity, period pain, body weight and height, and demographics. Impulsivity was assessed by the Eysenck I7 impulsiveness scale. Internalizing and externalizing problems were measured by the Youth Self-Report of Child Behavior Checklist. The mean age of the sample was 15.0 years (SD = 1.4). The prevalence of lifetime and last year NSSI were 28.1% and 21.4% in Chinese adolescent girls. After adjusting for adolescent and family covariates (age, body mass index, impulsivity, internalizing and externalizing problems, paternal education, and family economic status), onset of menstruation was significantly associated with increased risk of lifetime NSSI (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.20-2.20) and last year NSSI (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.37-2.67). Among adolescent girls who had menarche, often irregular menstruation and period pain were significantly and independently associated with lifetime NSSI (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.03-1.79; OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.05-1.58) and last year NSSI (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.07-1.98; OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.03-1.61). Our findings suggest that onset of menarche, irregular periods, and period pain appear to be associated with increased risk of NSSI. These findings highlight the importance of menstruation hygiene education and treatment of menstrual problems to reduce the risk of NSSI among adolescent girls.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Menstruación , Conducta Autodestructiva , Adolescente , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Menarquia/psicología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Trastornos de la Menstruación/terapia , Evaluación de Necesidades , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Autodestructiva/epidemiología , Conducta Autodestructiva/fisiopatología , Conducta Autodestructiva/prevención & control , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Background Adolescence is a period of physiological, psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood and is characterized by the onset of menstruation in girls. A adolescent girls are naïve about menstruation and they take time to adapt to these changes both socially and psychologically. This study was carried out to assess the psychosocial impact of menstrual problems among schoolgoing adolescent girls. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study carried out in 350 schoolgoing adolescent girls in the year 2012 in the Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu. Girls who attained menarche 1 year prior to the data collection were included in the study. Data regarding background characteristics and psychosocial impact of menstrual problems were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 15 software. The χ2-test was carried out to assess the statistical significance at the 95% level of significance. Results The mean age of the participants was 14.7 years. In this study, 87.7% of the girls had at least one menstrual problem. Among these, 78.5% could not attend school during menstruation, 51.1% were unable to perform household/sports activities (p < 0.001). It was observed that dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were at increased risk of absenting the girls from school (p < 0.05). Conclusion The key to a sound adolescent health programme is a holistic approach which also focuses on the psychological and social domain of health. This could be achieved by involving all the stakeholders like parents, teachers, etc. to work as a team. It is also essential to develop adolescent friendly health services at the grass root level.
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Costo de Enfermedad , Trastornos de la Menstruación/epidemiología , Cambio Social , Adolescente , Actitud Frente a la Salud/etnología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Menstruación , Trastornos de la Menstruación/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Prevalencia , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the need for a new disease-specific patient reported outcome (PRO) measure for use in clinical trials of drugs designed to target the underlying causes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and in the process contribute to our understanding of the symptoms and impacts that define the patient experience with PCOS. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 20 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria who had not menstruated in the previous month. The relative importance of PCOS symptoms and impact concepts to patients was determined by analyzing the frequency of their expression in the interview transcripts. These insights were compared to clinicians' perceptions of PCOS. RESULTS: Pain- and discomfort-related symptoms accounted for the highest proportion (27.6%) of the 735 patient expressions, although clinicians did not consider pain to be important to patients with PCOS. The most frequently expressed individual symptoms were cramping (70% of patients; 14.7% of concepts), irregular menstruation (95% of patients; 12.2% of concepts), facial hair growth (75% of patients; 10.6% of concepts), heavy bleeding (70% of patients; 8.8% of concepts), infertility (70% of patients; 5.4% of concepts), and bloating (60% of patients; 5.2% of concepts). Cramping, heavy bleeding, and bloating were not identified by clinicians as being important to patients with PCOS. The impacts most frequently reported by patients with PCOS related to emotional well-being (e.g. anxiety/stress) and coping behaviors (e.g. acne medication, hair removal). CONCLUSIONS: The only validated PCOS-specific PRO, the PCOSQ, does not capture some key PCOS symptoms and impacts expressed by patients with PCOS, most notably those related to pain and discomfort, bleeding intensity and coping behaviours. Furthermore, some key PCOS symptoms may be under-recognized in the clinic.
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Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Trastornos de la Menstruación/psicología , Dolor/psicología , Investigación Cualitativa , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Menarche is the first menstrual cycle. Menstrual problems, such as dysmenorrheal menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and irregular cycle are common in female adolescents. This research aims to examine the associations between age at menarche and menstrual problems and suicidal behavior among Chinese female adolescents. METHODS: An epidemiological survey of 5831 female adolescents from eight high schools of three counties of Shandong province, China, was conducted. A self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to collect information. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between menstruation and suicidality. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 15.02 (SD=1.44) years. Of the sample, 5,231 (90.0%) had experienced their first menstrual cycle, and 23.2%, 10.4%, and 4.5% of the sample reported having had suicidal ideation, plan and attempt, respectively. In multivariate models, menarche at ≤11 years was associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.81) and menarche at 12 years was associated with suicide plan (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.51). Irregular menstrual cycle was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.05-1.86) and menstrual period less than or equal to 4 days was significantly associated with increased risk of suicide plan (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.06-1.66). LIMITATIONS: This cross-sectional study cannot establish the causal directions between menstrual problems and suicidality in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that earlier menarche, irregular menstrual cycle and short menstrual period are associated with suicidal behavior in female adolescents. Further research is warranted to examine the causal relationship between menstrual problems and suicidal behavior in adolescents.