RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To extend preliminary findings on associated white matter deficits and structural connectivity in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). STUDY DESIGN: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography was used to identify abnormal microstructural properties of specific sensorimotor white matter tracts in 21 children with DCD between 8 and 10 years of age and 20 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls. Graph theoretical analyses were applied to evaluate whole brain connectomics. Associations were also calculated between the tractography/connectome results and visual-motor performance, as measured with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. RESULTS: Significant positive correlations were obtained between visual-motor trace scores and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule within the group with DCD. Moreover, lower FA in sensorimotor tracts and altered structural connectivity were observed for children with DCD. Compared with controls, subjects with DCD showed decreases in clustering coefficient, and global and local efficiency, suggesting weaker structural network segregation and integration. The degree of decreased global efficiency was significantly associated with poor visual-motor tracing outcomes, above and beyond FA reductions. Specifically, nodal efficiency at the cerebellar lobule VI and right parietal superior gyrus were found significant predictors to discriminate between children with DCD and those with typical development. CONCLUSIONS: Specific white matter alterations and network topology features associate with visual-motor deficits and DCD diagnosis indicating the clinical potential of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-based metrics for diagnosing DCD.
Asunto(s)
Conectoma , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/fisiopatología , Desempeño Psicomotor , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/patología , Sustancia Blanca/patologíaRESUMEN
A investigação da natureza das dificuldades motoras experimentadas por crianças resultou na identificação do Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (TDC). Pouco se sabe sobre sua natureza, embora sejam inúmeras as hipóteses formuladas sobre sua causa. O presente artigo defende a tese de que o problema reside na definição do que se entende por TDC e na seleção de amostras em estudos que não distinguem o uso de critérios clínicos dos critérios de pesquisa. Em conclusão, são apresentadas três etapas para caracterização do TDC.
The investigation of the nature of motor difficulties children experiment resulted in the identification of a Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The lack of consensus on the nature and the mechanisms of DCD might not be due to an apparent resilience of the disorder to the scientific enterprise. On the contrary, the present paper has a goal of presenting a thesis according to which the problem resides on the definition of DCD and on the selection of samples in studies that do not distinguish between clinical and research criteria. In conclusion, three steps for characterizing DCD are presented.
La investigación de la naturaleza de las dificultades motrices experimentadas por los niños ha resultado en la identificación de Trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación (TDC). La falta de un acuerdo acerca de la naturaleza y mecanismos del TDC puede no ser riestrita a una aparente resistencia del trastorno a las investigaciones científicas. El presente artículo postula la tesis de que el problema esta en la definición acerca del entendimiento del TDC y en la selección de las populación en estudios que no distinguen el uso de criterios clínicos de los criterios de investigación científica. La caracterización del TDC se presenta en tres etapas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Niño , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/etiología , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/historia , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/patología , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/psicología , Trastornos de la Destreza Motora/terapia , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/epidemiología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/patología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/psicología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/terapiaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to characterize aerobic, anaerobic, handgrip strength, and body fat content (BF) characteristics in paralympic rowers (ROW) in order to determine motor disabled rowers' fitness level and if specific motor disabilities could impair performance in this specific population. Upper body anaerobic threshold (LacT), peak (PK-AnP), mean (M-AnP), and lower (L-AnP) anaerobic power, peak anaerobic power to weight ratio (RelPk-AnP) and fatigue index (FI) were measured by the Wingate test (WinT). Handgrip strength was also measured and skinfold sum was used to estimate BF and were compared with a reference group of recreational disabled athletes (CON). LacT was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in ROW compared with CON. RelPk-AnP and BF were significantly different (p < 0.05) in ROW compared with CON as well. All other measured parameters did not significantly differ between ROW and CON. In most of cases, rowers have shown a relative low performance level, induced probably by specific disabilities.