RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of pathologies that generate chronic pain is high (10-40%), as is the use of opioids. In Colombia, these drugs rank among the first in terms of prescriptions and the number of deaths related to their consumption is rising (0.71/1,000,000 inhabitants). This study seeks to characterise opioid-related problems (ORP) and the variables associated with their resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a study based on secondary information. Incidences were calculated using Ministry of Health data and characteristics related to non-recoverable adverse reactions (ADRs) were determined. RESULTS: Altogether 4,437 problems were identified in 3,063 patients (39.51%, male), adults (45 years old; IQR: 29-62). The most common opioids were tramadol (46.49%, 5 mg; IQR: 5-5) and morphine (19.65%, 3 mg; IQR: 2.6-5). The majority of ORP were ADRs (93.15%) and of these, 32.28% were severe. Women had proportionally more gastrointestinal and neurological disorders, while men had a higher frequency of vascular, psychiatric, urinary and haematological problems (p < 0.05). These reactions did not resolve in 8.39%, and prognosis was associated with oral administration - odds ratio (OR): 9.24; 95% confidence interval (CI 95%): 6.36-13.42; severity (OR: 3.96; CI 95%: 2.71-5.76); age (OR: 1.01; CI 95%: 1.001-1.01); weak opioids (OR: 0.57; CI 95%: 0.4-0.84); and neurological-cardiovascular reactions (OR: 0.36; CI 95%: 0.21-0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to optimise the prescription of opioids should be encouraged to prevent ADRs with poor prognosis. Studies should be conducted to further investigate the impact of gender and route of administration on the occurrence of ADRs, as well as the severity of skin and gastrointestinal problems, which may be underestimated.
TITLE: Problemas y reacciones adversas relacionadas con analgésicos opioides en Colombia.Introducción. Las patologías que generan dolor crónico tienen alta prevalencia (10-40%), así como el consumo de opioides. En Colombia, estos medicamentos ocupan los primeros lugares de prescripción y existe un incremento en las muertes relacionadas con su consumo (0,71/1.000.000 habitantes). Este estudio busca caracterizar los problemas relacionados con opioides (PRM) y las variables asociadas con su resolución. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio basado en información secundaria. Se calcularon las incidencias con datos del Ministerio de Salud y se determinaron las características relacionadas con reacciones adversas (RAM) no recuperables. Resultados. Se identificaron 4.437 problemas en 3.063 pacientes (39,51%, hombres), adultos (45 años; RIC: 29-62). Los opioides más comunes fueron tramadol (46,49%, 5 mg; RIC: 5-5) y morfina (19,65%, 3 mg; RIC: 2,6-5). La mayoría de los PRM fueron RAM (93,15%), y de éstas, el 32,28% fueron graves. Las mujeres presentaron proporcionalmente más alteraciones gastrointestinales y neurológicas, mientras que los hombres tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de problemas vasculares, psiquiátricos, urinarios y hematológicos (p menor de 0,05). Estas reacciones no se resolvieron en el 8,39% y el pronóstico se asoció con la administración oral odds ratio (OR): 9,24; intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%): 6,36-13,42, gravedad (OR: 3,96; IC 95%: 2,71-5,76), edad (OR: 1,01; IC 95%: 1,001-1,01), opioides débiles (OR: 0,57; IC 95%: 0,4-0,84) y reacciones neurológicas-cardiovasculares (OR: 0,36; IC 95%: 0,21-0,61). Conclusiones. Se sugiere fomentar intervenciones para optimizar la prescripción de opioides y así prevenir RAM con pobre pronóstico. Deben realizarse estudios que profundicen en el impacto del sexo y la vía de administración sobre la ocurrencia de RAM, así como la gravedad de los problemas cutáneos y gastrointestinales, que podría subestimarse.
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Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Colombia/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Hematológicas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Hematológicas/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/epidemiología , Manejo del Dolor , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trastornos Urinarios/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Enfermedades Vasculares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Vasculares/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of enuresis, urinary, and bowel symptoms and associated factors in children aged 7 years in a birth cohort. METHODS: A pre-coded questionnaire was applied to 3,602 children who belonged to a birth cohort initiated in 2004 in Pelotas, Brazil. During home visits at 12, 24, and 48 months and at age 7 years, mothers answered a questionnaire with demographic questions and characteristics of bladder and bowel habits of children using a urinary symptom score. Poisson regression was used for the hierarchical multivariable analysis, with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of enuresis was 10.6%;11.7% in males and 9.3% in females; enuresis was monosymptomatic in 9.8% of the children (10.8% of males and 8.3% of females); 37.4% had symptoms up to once a week; 32.9%, two to four times a week; and 26.2%, every day, with no difference between genders. The most common urinary symptoms were urinary urgency (22.7%) and urinary retention maneuvers (38.2%). In the multivariate analysis, it was observed that the number of urinary symptoms and the number of children at home showed a direct association with the presence of enuresis, whereas maternal education was inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS: Enuresis is a prevalent condition and should be investigated in clinical practice, especially in children of lower socioeconomic status. A detailed history of urinary habits detects associated urinary symptoms, which is important for adequate classification of enuresis and subsequent management. .
OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de enurese, sintomas urinários e intestinais e fatores associados em crianças de sete anos, em uma coorte de nascimentos. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um questionário pré-codificado em 3.602 crianças pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos iniciada em 2004, em Pelotas, RS. Em visitas domiciliares realizadas aos 12, 24 e 48 meses e aos sete anos, as mães responderam um questionário com questões sociodemográficas e sobre as características e hábitos miccionais e intestinais das crianças, utilizando um escore de sintomas miccionais. Para a análise multivariável hierarquizada, utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de enurese de foi 10,6%, sendo 11,7% nos meninos e 9,3% nas meninas; a enurese foi monossintomática em 9,8% das crianças (10,8% dos meninos e 8,3% das meninas); 37,4% apresentavam o sintoma até uma vez por semana; 32,9%, duas a quetro vezes por semana; e 26,2% todos os dias, sem diferença entre os sexos. Os sintomas urinários mais frequentes foram urgência miccional (22,7%) e manobras de contenção urinária (38,2%). Na análise multivariável, observou-se que o número de sintomas miccionais e o número de crianças em casa mostraram relação direta com presença de enurese, enquanto que a escolaridade materna apresentou relação inversa. CONCLUSÕES: A enurese é uma patologia prevalente e deve ser investigada em consultas de rotina, especialmente em crianças com menor nível socioeconômico. Uma história detalhada sobre hábitos urinários pode detectar sintomas miccionais associados, importantes para uma adequada classificação da enurese e posterior manejo. .
Asunto(s)
Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Enuresis Nocturna/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Escolaridad , Hábitos , Distribución de Poisson , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of enuresis, urinary, and bowel symptoms and associated factors in children aged 7 years in a birth cohort. METHODS: A pre-coded questionnaire was applied to 3,602 children who belonged to a birth cohort initiated in 2004 in Pelotas, Brazil. During home visits at 12, 24, and 48 months and at age 7 years, mothers answered a questionnaire with demographic questions and characteristics of bladder and bowel habits of children using a urinary symptom score. Poisson regression was used for the hierarchical multivariable analysis, with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of enuresis was 10.6%;11.7% in males and 9.3% in females; enuresis was monosymptomatic in 9.8% of the children (10.8% of males and 8.3% of females); 37.4% had symptoms up to once a week; 32.9%, two to four times a week; and 26.2%, every day, with no difference between genders. The most common urinary symptoms were urinary urgency (22.7%) and urinary retention maneuvers (38.2%). In the multivariate analysis, it was observed that the number of urinary symptoms and the number of children at home showed a direct association with the presence of enuresis, whereas maternal education was inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS: Enuresis is a prevalent condition and should be investigated in clinical practice, especially in children of lower socioeconomic status. A detailed history of urinary habits detects associated urinary symptoms, which is important for adequate classification of enuresis and subsequent management.
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Enuresis Nocturna/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Escolaridad , Femenino , Hábitos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Distribución de Poisson , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To identify the predictive factors for voiding dysfunction after transobturator slings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent a transobturator sling between March 2003 and December 2008. A total of 514 women had available data with at least a six-week follow-up. Patients' demographics, preoperative symptoms, urodynamic testing including multichannel voiding studies and surgical variables were tabulated. Voiding dysfunction was defined by a catheterized or ultrasonographic postvoid residual greater than 100 cc (≥six weeks after the procedure) associated with any complaints of abnormal voiding. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed with respect to postoperative voiding dysfunction. RESULTS: The patient population had a mean age of 58.5 ± 12.9 years. Thirty-three out of 514 patients (6.4%) had postoperative voiding dysfunction according to our definition, and 4 (0.78%) required sling transection. No differences were observed between normal and dysfunctional voiders in age, associated prolapse surgery, preoperative postvoid residual, preoperative urinary flow rate, prior pelvic surgery, and menopausal status. Valsalva efforts during the preoperative pressure flow study was the only predictive factor for postoperative voiding dysfunction, 72.4% dysfunctional versus 27.6% normal (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative Valsalva maneuver during the micturition could identify those at risk for voiding dysfunction after transobturator sling, and it should be noted during preoperative counseling.
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Cabestrillo Suburetral/efectos adversos , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To identify the predictive factors for voiding dysfunction after transobturator slings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent a transobturator sling between March 2003 and December 2008. A total of 514 women had available data with at least a six-week follow-up. Patients' demographics, preoperative symptoms, urodynamic testing including multichannel voiding studies and surgical variables were tabulated. Voiding dysfunction was defined by a catheterized or ultrasonographic postvoid residual greater than 100 cc (≥six weeks after the procedure) associated with any complaints of abnormal voiding. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed with respect to postoperative voiding dysfunction. RESULTS: The patient population had a mean age of 58.5±12.9 years. Thirty-three out of 514 patients (6.4%) had postoperative voiding dysfunction according to our definition, and 4 (0.78%) required sling transection. No differences were observed between normal and dysfunctional voiders in age, associated prolapse surgery, preoperative postvoid residual, preoperative urinary flow rate, prior pelvic surgery, and menopausal status. Valsalva efforts during the preoperative pressure flow study was the only predictive factor for postoperative voiding dysfunction, 72.4% dysfunctional versus 27.6% normal (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative Valsalva maneuver during the micturition could identify those at risk for voiding dysfunction after transobturator sling, and it should be noted during preoperative counseling.
OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores preditivos para disfunção miccional após a cirurgia de sling transobturador. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados, retrospectivamente, os protocolos de todas as pacientes que foram submetidas à cirurgia de sling transobturador. Entre março de 2003 e dezembro de 2008, 514 mulheres apresentavam dados disponíveis com ao menos seis semanas de seguimento. Foram avaliados os dados demográficos, os sintomas pré-operatórios, o estudo urodinâmico e as variáveis cirúrgicas. A disfunção miccional foi definida como o resíduo pós-miccional (verificado por sondagem vesical ou ecografia) superior a 100 mL (≥seis semanas após procedimento cirúrgico), que foi associado à queixa de micção anormal. Realizou-se análise por regressão logística univariada com relação à disfunção miccional pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: A população de pacientes tinha uma média de idade de 58,5±12,9 anos. Trinta e três das 514 (6,4%) participantes apresentavam disfunção miccional pós-operatória de acordo com a nossa definição e 4 (0,78%) necessitaram secção do sling. Não houve diferenças com relação à cirurgia para prolapso associada, ao resíduo pós-miccional pré-operatório, à urofluxometria pré-operatória, à cirurgia pélvica prévia e ao estado menopausal entre aquelas que apresentaram disfunção miccional quando comparadas às outras. A identificação da manobra de Valsalva durante o estudo miccional pré-operatório foi o único fator preditivo para disfunção miccional pós-operatória, 72,4% no grupo com disfunção versus 27,6% nas normais (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A manobra de Valsalva pré-operatória durante a micção pôde identificar as mulheres que apresentavam maior risco para disfunção miccional após cirurgia de sling transobturador, e deve ser levada em consideração no aconselhamento pré-operatório das mesmas.
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Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Cabestrillo Suburetral/efectos adversos , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: This Phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Four hundred and eight patients (treatment-naïve or after a 4-week wash-out period) were randomized to receive empagliflozin 5, 10 or 25 mg once daily, placebo or open-label metformin for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) after 12 weeks. RESULTS: After 12 weeks' treatment, empagliflozin showed dose-dependent reductions in HbA1c from baseline [5 mg: -0.4%, 10 mg: -0.5%, 25 mg: -0.6%; all doses p < 0.0001 vs. placebo (+0.09%)]. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased with empagliflozin [5 mg: -1.29 mmol/l, 10 mg: -1.61 mmol/l, 25 mg: -1.72 mmol/l; all doses p < 0.0001 vs. placebo (+0.04 mmol/l)]. Body weight decreased in all empagliflozin groups (all doses p < 0.001 vs. placebo). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar in the placebo (32.9%) and empagliflozin (29.1%) groups. The most frequently reported AEs on empagliflozin were pollakiuria (3.3% vs. 0% for placebo), thirst (3.3% vs. 0% for placebo) and nasopharyngitis (2.0% vs. 1.2% for placebo). AEs consistent with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were reported in four (1.6%) patients on empagliflozin vs. one (1.2%) on placebo. Genital infections were reported in five (2%) patients on empagliflozin vs. 0% on placebo. No UTIs or genital infections led to premature discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin resulted in dose-dependent, clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c and FPG, and reductions in body weight compared with placebo. Empagliflozin was well-tolerated with a favourable safety profile.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo/administración & dosificación , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Metformina/administración & dosificación , Nasofaringitis/inducido químicamente , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Trastornos Urinarios/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina/epidemiología , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/efectos adversos , Glucemia , Peso Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Glucósidos/efectos adversos , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nasofaringitis/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Taiwán/epidemiología , Sed , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ucrania/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence and severity of lymphoedema of the lower extremities (LLE), quality of life (QoL), and urinary and sexual dysfunction in women with vulvar cancer submitted to surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-eight patients with vulvar cancer submitted to vulvectomy and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy and 28 healthy, age-matched women (control group) were evaluated. The occurrence and severity of LLE were determined by Miller's Clinical Evaluation. QoL, urinary function and sexual function were assessed by the EORTC QLQ-C30, SF-ICIQ and FSFI questionnaires, respectively. The differences between groups and correlations were assessed using Student's t-test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rho test. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of marital status, educational status, menopausal status, hormone therapy and height. The occurrence and severity of LLE were higher in women with vulvar cancer compared with the control group (p<0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). A significant association was found between the severity of LLE and advanced age (p = 0.04), and the severity of LLE and higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.04) in patients with vulvar cancer. In the patients with vulvar cancer, there was a significant correlation between the severity of LLE and worse QoL in the following domains: physical, cognitive, emotional, social, fatigue, pain, sleep and financial questions (p < 0.05). There was no difference in urinary function between the two groups (p = 0.113). Age and number of deliveries were the only variables associated with the occurrence of urinary incontinence (p = 0.01). Urinary incontinence was present in women with a mean age of 74.9 ± 4.6 years and a mean of 7.3 ± 1.3 normal deliveries. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the sexual function. Multivariate analysis showed an association between sexual function and age (p = 0.01), and sexual function and being in a stable relationship (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to vulvectomy or inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer are at higher risk of developing LLE compared with healthy, age-matched women. This has a negative effect on QoL, but does not interfere with urinary or sexual function.
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Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/efectos adversos , Linfedema/etiología , Calidad de Vida , Vulva/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Vulva/cirugía , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Extremidad Inferior , Linfedema/epidemiología , Linfedema/fisiopatología , Estado Civil , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paridad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/epidemiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/prevención & control , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Trastornos Urinarios/prevención & controlRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Descrever as disfunções do trato urinário inferior e as características demográficas e clínicas de mulheres com queixas urinárias, estimando a prevalência de diabetes melito e de alterações urodinâmicas nestas mulheres. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, com análise de 578 prontuários. As prevalências de diabetes melito e de cada diagnóstico urodinâmico nas pacientes com disfunções do trato urinário inferior foram estimadas, com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência das alterações urodinâmicas segundo o diagnóstico de diabetes. RESULTADOS: Setenta e sete pacientes (13,3 por cento) eram diabéticas e a maioria (96,1 por cento) tinha diabetes tipo 2. O diagnóstico urodinâmico mais frequente nas pacientes diabéticas foi o de incontinência urinária de esforço (39 por cento), seguido de hiperatividade do detrusor (23,4 por cento). A prevalência de urodinâmica alterada foi associada à de diabetes melito (RP=1,31; IC95 por cento=1,17-1,48). As alterações de contratilidade do detrusor (hiper ou hipoatividade) estiveram presentes em 42,8 por cento das pacientes diabéticas e em 31,5 por cento das não diabéticas. CONCLUSÕES: As mulheres diabéticas apresentaram maior prevalência de alterações urodinâmicas do que as não diabéticas. Não houve associação entre o diabetes e as alterações de contratilidade do detrusor (p=0,80).
PURPOSE: to describe lower urinary tract dysfunctions and clinical demographic characteristics of patients with urinary symptoms. This study assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and urodynamic changes in these women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study on 578 women. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and urodynamic diagnoses was assessed in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunctions, with their respective 95 percent confidence intervals. The prevalence ratios of urodynamic alterations were calculated according to the diabetes mellitus diagnoses. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients (13.3 percent) had diabetes and type 2 diabetes was predominant (96.1 percent). Stress urinary incontinence was the most frequent urodynamic diagnosis (39 percent) in diabetic patients, followed by detrusor overactivity (23.4 percent). The prevalence of urodynamic alterations was associated with diabetes (PR=1.31; 95 percentCI=1.17-1.48). Changes in detrusor contractility (over- or underactivity) were diagnosed in 42.8 percent diabetic patients and in 31.5 percent non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic women had a greater prevalence of urodynamic alterations than the non-diabetic ones. There was no association between diabetes mellitus and detrusor contractility alterations (p=0.80).
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Instituciones Oncológicas/normas , Cirugía General/normas , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud/normas , Prostatectomía/normas , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Comorbilidad , Instituciones Oncológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Disfunción Eréctil/epidemiología , Cirugía General/estadística & datos numéricos , Laparoscopía/normas , Laparoscopía/estadística & datos numéricos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/epidemiología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Prostatectomía/métodos , Prostatectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the age of completion of toilet training during daytime and the onset of dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES). METHODS: The present study was designed as a case-control study. A total of 80 patients with DES were allocated to the case group and 80 patients age- and gender-matched without DES were allocated to the control group. The patients with DES were seen in a tertiary center and the control patients were seen in a primary care center. Early completion of toilet training was considered to be before 24 months. RESULTS: Patients were aged 3-17 years (mean: 7.55); 24 were male (30%) and 56 female (70%). The most frequent lower urinary tract symptoms were: urgency (77%), incontinence (75%), holding maneuvers (30%), high urinary frequency (61%) and low urinary frequency (16%). There was a history of urinary tract infection (UTI) in 62% of the DES group. The first UTI episode was before toilet training in 40%. The completion of toilet training was before the age of 2 years in 48% of DES patients and in 50% of the control group (p = 0.752) [odds ratio (OR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-1.62]. CONCLUSION: The completion of toilet training before 24 months of age was not associated with DES. Some patients had DES symptoms such as UTI, infrequent voiding and constipation before toilet training. These findings suggest that DES may precede toilet training and this possibility should be confirmed in further studies.
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Control de Esfínteres , Trastornos Urinarios/psicología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Incontinencia Urinaria/epidemiología , Incontinencia Urinaria/psicología , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: to describe lower urinary tract dysfunctions and clinical demographic characteristics of patients with urinary symptoms. This study assessed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and urodynamic changes in these women. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study on 578 women. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and urodynamic diagnoses was assessed in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunctions, with their respective 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence ratios of urodynamic alterations were calculated according to the diabetes mellitus diagnoses. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients (13.3%) had diabetes and type 2 diabetes was predominant (96.1%). Stress urinary incontinence was the most frequent urodynamic diagnosis (39%) in diabetic patients, followed by detrusor overactivity (23.4%). The prevalence of urodynamic alterations was associated with diabetes (PR=1.31; 95%CI=1.17-1.48). Changes in detrusor contractility (over- or underactivity) were diagnosed in 42.8% diabetic patients and in 31.5% non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic women had a greater prevalence of urodynamic alterations than the non-diabetic ones. There was no association between diabetes mellitus and detrusor contractility alterations (p=0.80).
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Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative complications, failure rate, operating time, and length of hospital stay associated with 2 minimally invasive suburethral slings in the management of stress urinary incontinence in women. METHODS: Women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence were treated with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) or transobturator tape (TOT). The participants were followed for the next 2 years, with scheduled evaluations 6 weeks, then 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. RESULTS: Of the 104 participants, 55 were treated with TVT and 49 were treated with TOT. The condition was classified as "cured" in 81.8% of cases in the TVT group and 83.7% in the TOT group, and improvement occurred in 10.9% and 10.2% of cases, respectively. The mean operating time was shorter for patients treated with TOT than for those treated with TVT. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of perioperative complications (abnormal voiding dysfunction, urinary infections, and de novo overactive bladder). The temporary and permanent urinary obstruction rates in the TVT group were approximately twice those in the TOT group. CONCLUSION: Comparable complications and outcomes were observed with TVT and TOT. Tension-free vaginal implants are effective for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
Asunto(s)
Implantación de Prótesis/métodos , Cabestrillo Suburetral , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/cirugía , Vagina/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Infecciones Urinarias/etiología , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study intended to investigate the frequency of irritative bladder symptoms three years after delivery in women previously interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy and its correlation to mode of delivery, parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps. METHODS: From 340 women previously evaluated at the third trimester of pregnancy, 120 were interviewed three years after delivery, between June and October 2006. Correlation of postpartum irritative bladder symptoms and mode of delivery (exclusively vaginal or c-section), parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps was analyzed. Associations between irritative bladder symptoms and obstetric parameters were assessed by the Fisher's exact test and Chi-square (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The study group consisted of 37.5% primiparous and 62.5% multiparous women. Mode of delivery was exclusively vaginal in 53 women and exclusively c-section in 42. No statistical difference was found between irritative bladder symptoms and mode of delivery and parity. No statistical difference was found between irritative symptoms and maternal age (> 35), birth weight (>or= 4000 g), episiotomy and forceps. CONCLUSION: After childbirth, dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, characterized by irritative bladder symptoms, was not associated with mode of delivery, parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps.
Asunto(s)
Parto Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Adulto , Peso al Nacer/fisiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Cesárea/efectos adversos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Episiotomía/efectos adversos , Episiotomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Edad Materna , Paridad/fisiología , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We determined the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in enuretic and nonenuretic children and adolescents in an urban community. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey including 296 children and adolescents in a small urban community. Trained medical students visited all homes and interviewed the parents or guardians. There were no refusals to participate. Results were analyzed using chi-square and McNemar statistics. RESULTS: The enuresis rate was 10%, including 16.6% and 3.9% in children 5 to 10 years old and adolescents, respectively. The monosymptomatic enuresis rate was only 1.34%. Of those with vs without enuresis lower urinary tract symptoms were present in 86.7% vs 26.8% (p <0.001). In the nonenuretic group lower urinary tract symptoms were associated with nocturia (p = 0.008). The most common daytime urinary symptoms were urgency in 38.2% of cases, holding maneuvers in 30.4% and daytime incontinence in 27.5%. The prevalence rate decreased with age in the nonenuretic group (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms was high. Nonmonosymptomatic enuresis was common and monosymptomatic enuresis was rare in this population based survey. In nonenuretic cases daytime symptoms were associated with nocturia, suggesting decreased bladder capacity with a mature arousal reaction.
Asunto(s)
Enuresis/complicaciones , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Because human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) may occur in some children infected with HTLV-1, we sought to determine the prevalence of neurologic abnormalities and any associations of neurologic abnormalities with infective dermatitis in these children. STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled 58 children infected with HTLV-1 and 42 uninfected children (ages 3 to 17) of mothers infected with HTLV-1 in a family study in Lima, Peru. We obtained medical and developmental histories, surveyed current neurologic symptoms, and conducted a standardized neurologic examination without prior knowledge of HTLV-1 status. RESULTS: HTLV-1 infection was associated with reported symptoms of lower extremity weakness/fatigue (odds ratio [OR], 6.1; confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 281), lumbar pain (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.4 to 8), and paresthesia/dysesthesia (OR, 2.6; CI, 0.6 to 15.8). HTLV-1 infection was associated with lower-extremity hyperreflexia (OR, 3.1; CI, 0.8 to 14.2), ankle clonus (OR, 5.0; CI, 1.0 to 48.3), and extensor plantar reflex (OR undefined; P = .2). Among children infected with HTLV-1, a history of infective dermatitis was associated with weakness (OR, 2.7; CI, 0.3 to 33), lumbar pain (OR, 1.3; CI, 0.2 to 8), paresthesia/dysesthesia (OR, 2.9; CI, 0.5 to 20), and urinary disturbances (OR, 5.7; CI, 0.5 to 290). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal neurologic findings were common in Peruvian children infected with HTLV-1, and several findings were co-prevalent with infective dermatitis. Pediatricians should monitor children infected with HTLV-1 for neurologic abnormalities.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Paraparesia/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/epidemiología , Adolescente , Distribución por Edad , Edad de Inicio , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Infecciones por HTLV-I/diagnóstico , Infecciones por HTLV-I/transmisión , Humanos , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Masculino , Examen Neurológico , Oportunidad Relativa , Paraparesia/diagnóstico , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/diagnóstico , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiología , Perú/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Probabilidad , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Distribución por Sexo , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Factores de Tiempo , Trastornos Urinarios/diagnóstico , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de Sintomas Urinários Irritativos (SUI) três anos após o parto em mulheres previamente entrevistadas no terceiro trimestre da gestação e sua associação com a via de parto exclusiva, a paridade, a idade materna, o peso do RN, a realização da episiotomia e o uso de fórcipe. MÉTODOS: Das 340 mulheres, originalmente avaliadas no terceiro trimestre da gestação, 120 foram localizadas e entrevistadas por telefone, três anos após o parto, entre junho e outubro de 2006. Foi analisada a associação entre SUI e via exclusiva de parto (vaginalou cesáreo), paridade,idade materna, peso do recém-nascido, realização da episiotomia e uso de fórcipe. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste Qui quadrado e cálculo da razão de prevalência (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: O grupo de mulheres estudadas consistiu de primíparas (37,5 por cento) e multíparas (62,5 por cento). As 95 que tiveram via exclusiva de parto foram categorizadas em vaginal (53) e cesáreas (42). Não houve associação significativa entre a presença de SUI após o parto e a via de parto exclusiva e a paridade. Também não encontramos associação entre a presença de SUI e a idade materna (> 35) peso do recém-nascido (> 4000g), realização da episiotomia e uso de fórcipe. CONCLUSÃO: A via de parto e a paridade não foram fatores determinantes para a disfunção do trato urinário inferior após o parto, representada pelos sintomas urinários irritativos, tampouco, a idade materna, o peso do RN, a realização da episiotomia e o uso de fórcipe.
OBJECTIVE: This study intended to investigate the frequency of irritative bladder symptoms three years after delivery in women previously interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy and its correlation to mode of delivery, parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps. METHODS: From 340 women previously evaluated at the third trimester of pregnancy, 120 were interviewed three years after delivery, between June and October 2006. Correlation of postpartum irritative bladder symptoms and mode of delivery (exclusively vaginal or c-section), parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps was analyzed. Associations between irritative bladder symptoms and obstetric parameters were assessed by the Fisher's exact test and Chi-square (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The study group consisted of 37.5 percent primiparous and 62.5 percent multiparous women. Mode of delivery was exclusively vaginal in 53 women and exclusively c-section in 42. No statistical difference was found between irritative bladder symptoms and mode of delivery and parity. No statistical difference was found between irritative symptoms and maternal age (> 35), birth weight (> 4000g), episiotomy and forceps. CONCLUSION: After childbirth, dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, characterized by irritative bladder symptoms, was not associated with mode of delivery, parity, maternal age, birth weight, episiotomy and forceps.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Adulto Joven , Parto Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Peso al Nacer/fisiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Cesárea/efectos adversos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Episiotomía/efectos adversos , Episiotomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Edad Materna , Paridad/fisiología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in men over 50 years of age due to prostate enlargement. Diabetes mellitus is also more prevalent in this group. LUTS may result from bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to prostate enlargement or bladder dysfunction secondary to diabetes or even from a combination of both. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BOO and other urodynamic abnormalities in diabetic patients with LUTS and enlarged prostate. A secondary objective was to assess the predictive value of non-invasive tests for BOO diagnosis in this group of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 50 consecutive diabetic patients with enlarged prostate and LUTS were evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), ultrasonography and urodynamics. BOO diagnosis was based on pressure/flow measurements according to the International Continence Society's standards. RESULTS: Of the 50 patients in the study, 23 (46%) had BOO. There was no correlation between the IPSS, uroflowmetry, post-voiding residual urine or prostate volume and the presence of BOO (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a relatively low prevalence of BOO in diabetic patients with prostate enlargement and LUTS. Non-invasive tests did not allow the identification of these subjects. Only urodynamic evaluation is able to determine symptom etiology.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Trastornos Urinarios/diagnóstico , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Probabilidad , Prostatectomía/métodos , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiología , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Resección Transuretral de la Próstata , UrodinámicaRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED), while considering multiple risk factors for ED, including an anthropometric evaluation of central obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 192 consecutive male subjects (>or=40 years old). Conditions clearly associated with ED, other than obesity and age, were considered exclusion criteria. Men were evaluated routinely for clinical history, received a physical examination, and were subjected to blood analysis for fasting serum glucose, lipid profile, and serum testosterone. Patients with previous known history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension were excluded. Anthropometric measures taken included body mass index (general obesity) and waist circumference, waist-hip index, and sagittal abdominal diameter (visceral obesity). Analyses were performed using bivariate and multivariate models (multiple logistic regression). Age, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, fasting blood glucose level, dyslipidemia, hypogonadism, general obesity, and visceral obesity were taken into account as potential confounding factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All men completed the International Index of Erectile Function and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). RESULTS: IPSS scores were low, intermediate, and high in 89 (46.4%), 76 (39.6%), and 27 (14.1%) men, respectively. Overall IPSS scores were significantly associated with ED (P = 0.002). In addition, an association between the severity of ED and LUTS was observed (P = 0.008). The mean quality of life assessment in the IPSS revealed a statistically significant difference between individuals with varying degrees of ED (P = 0.008). The logistic regression analyses showed that IPSS scores and ED remained independently associated even after the control for confounding factors (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.13, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that LUTS are independently associated with ED, taking into account various risk factors for ED, including visceral obesity.
Asunto(s)
Disfunción Eréctil/etiología , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Disfunción Eréctil/epidemiología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the toxicity of low-dose-rate brachytherapy and to relate it to the dose-volume to organs at risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We study 160 patients with early prostate cancer, treated with (125)-I implants. Most of them were T1c (63.1%), T2a (35.6%) and Gleason < or =6 (96.2%). Median PSA was 7.2 ng/ml (2.3-13.5); 85.6% were lowrisk cases and 14.4% high-risk cases. Mean follow-up was 24 months (7-48). RESULTS: Acute urinary toxicity related to urological quality of life (UQL=CVU) was tolerable in 75% and unsatisfactory in 25%. Urinary retention was present in 6.9%. IPSS, V100 and D90 were related to the urinary toxicity grade. Rectal toxicity (RTOG) G2 was 0.6%. Sexual potency showed no changes with regard to the basal in 69%. Actuarial biochemical control was 89.8% at four years. CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy with (125)-I seeds yields acceptable toxicity and excellent biochemical control.
Asunto(s)
Braquiterapia/efectos adversos , Antígeno Prostático Específico/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Anciano , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Retrospectivos , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/epidemiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiología , Sistema Urinario/efectos de la radiación , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and urodynamic observations on women with fibromyalgia (FM) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Fifty-one patients with FM and LUTS and 50 patients with LUTS without FM answered questions about urinary symptoms and also two questionnaires about quality of life measures: "Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey" and "King's Health Questionnaire". The urodynamic parameters evaluated were the following: maximum cystometric capacity, urine loss due to cough, Valsalva leak point pressure, and detrusor overactivity (DO). The groups were homogeneous concerning age, parity, body mass index, and genital prolapse. Symptoms such as increase of urinary frequency (p=0.007) and urge urinary incontinence (p=0.004) were statistically more common in the FM group. DO was the statistically most common urodynamic observation in patients with FM (p=0.02). Regarding the questionnaires about quality of life, the patients with fibromyalgia and LUTS had the worst results in all fields. In conclusion, patients with FM and LUTS have detrusor overactivity more often as well as an increase of urinary frequency, contributing to the quality of life worsening.