RESUMEN

Introdução: O presente estudo visa descrever as condições de saúde mental mais prevalentes na população de rua em um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Objetivo: Descrever as condições de saúde mental mais prevalentes na população de moradores de rua em um grande centro urbano brasileiro. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal realizado nas regiões centrais e periferias da cidade de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. Para a descrição dos transtornos psiquiátricos utilizamos o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) para sintomas depressivos, item 9 do Inventário de Depressão de Beck para ideação suicida, pergunta autorreferida para uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e item 3 do PHQ-9 para qualidade do sono. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 44,54 (desvio padrão ­ DP=12,63) anos, e a maioria era do sexo masculino (n=342; 75%). Quanto à frequência de transtornos psiquiátricos identificados, 49,6% (n=226) dos participantes apresentaram sintomas depressivos, 29,8% (n=136) exibiram ideação suicida, 55,7% (n=254) informaram uso de álcool semanalmente, 34,2% (n=156) informaram usar drogas ilícitas semanalmente e 62,3% (n=284) tinham problemas com sono. Conclusões: A prevalência de condições que afetam a saúde mental entre os participantes é alta. Estes resultados poderão auxiliar profissionais de saúde na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento nessa população, pouco estudada.

Introduction: The present study aims to describe the most prevalent mental health conditions in the homeless population in a large Brazilian urban center. Objective: To describe the most prevalent mental health conditions in the population of homeless people in a large Brazilian urban center. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the central and periphery regions of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. For the description of psychiatric disorders, the following instruments were used: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory for suicidal ideation, the self-reported question for the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and item 3 of the PHQ-9 for sleep quality. Results: The mean age of participants was 44.54 (Standard Deviation=12.63) years, and most were men (n=342; 75%). Regarding the frequency of the identified psychiatric disorders, 49.6% (n=226) of the participants had depressive symptoms, 29.8% (n=136) had suicidal ideation, 55.7% (n=254) reported weekly alcohol use, 34.2% (n=156) reported using illicit drugs weekly, and 62.3% (n=284) had sleep problems. Conclusions: The prevalence of conditions that affect mental health among participants is high. These results may help health professionals to develop prevention and treatment strategies for this understudied population.

Introducción: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir las condiciones de salud mental más prevalentes en la población sin hogar en un gran centro urbano brasileño. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de salud mental más prevalentes en la población de personas sin hogar en un gran centro urbano brasileño. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en las regiones central y periférica de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Para la descripción de los trastornos psiquiátricos se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente - 9 (PHQ-9) para síntomas depresivos, el ítem 9 del Inventario de Depresión de Beck para ideación suicida, la pregunta autorreportada para uso de alcohol y drogas ilícitas y ítem 3 del PHQ-9 para la calidad del sueño. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 44,54 (DE=12,63) años, y la mayoría eran hombres (n=342; 75%). En cuanto a la frecuencia de los trastornos psiquiátricos identificados, el 49,6% (n=226) de los participantes presentaba síntomas depresivos, el 29,8% (n=136) tenía ideación suicida, el 55,7% (n=254) refería consumo semanal de alcohol, el 34,2% (n=156) refirió consumir drogas ilícitas semanalmente y el 62,3% (n=284) presentaba problemas de sueño. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de condiciones que afectan la salud mental entre los participantes es alta. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a desarrollar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento para esta población poco estudiada.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La comorbilidad es más la regla que la excepción en salud mental y, sobre todo, en el caso de la ansiedad y la depresión. Los modelos transdiagnósticos estudian los procesos subyacentes para mejorar el tratamiento y la comprensión de la salud mental. Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática busca evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo transdiagnósticos para la ansiedad y la depresión en la población clínica diagnosticada de estas condiciones psicopatológicas, analizando los diferentes tipos o categorías de factores identificados. Método: Se registró una revisión sistemática en PROSPERO (número de registro CRD42022370327) y se diseñó de acuerdo con las guías PRISMA-P. La calidad del estudio fue evaluada por dos revisores independientes con conocimiento del campo para reducir el posible sesgo. Resultados: Cincuenta y tres artículos fueron examinados y las variables transdiagnósticas fueron agrupadas en tres categorías: psicológicas, biológicas y socioculturales. Conclusiones: La categoría más estudiada fue la de variables psicológicas, en especial los procesos cognitivos, afecto negativo y neuroticismo, intolerancia a la incertidumbre, sensibilidad a la ansiedad. Los factores biológicos y socioculturales requieren más estudio para sustentar su enfoque transdiagnóstico.(AU)

Comorbidity is more the rule than the exception in mental health, specifically in the case of anxiety and depression. Transdiagnostic models studied the underlying processes to improve mental health treat-ment and understating. Objective:This systematic review searchs for evi-dence on transdiagnostic risk factors for anxiety and depression in the clin-ical population diagnosed with these psychopathological conditions, by an-alysing the different types or categories of factors identified.Methods:A sys-tematic review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022370327) and was designed according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Two independent reviewers with field knowledge assessed the study quality to reduce bias.Results: Fifty-three articles were examined, and the transdi-agnostic variables were grouped into three categories: psychological, bio-logical, and sociocultural.Conclusions:The most studied category was that of psychological variables, especially cognitive processes, negative affect, and neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity. Biological and sociocultural factors require more study to support their transdiagnos-tic approach.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The causal effects of mental health problems on the risk of infectious diseases remain vague. Investigating them via observational study is challenging as it presents possible confounding factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to evaluate the causal relationship between mental health problems and the risk of infectious diseases. Multivariable MR analyses were performed using genome-wide association data for sleep disorders (N = 216,700), depression (N = 500,199), anxiety (N = 290,361), nervous feelings (N = 450,700), unspecified mental disorder (N = 218,792), pneumonia (N = 486,484), skin and subcutaneous tissue infection (SSTI; N = 218,792), intestinal infectious diseases (IIDs; N = 218,792), urinary tract infection (N = 463,010), and central nervous system (CNS) infections (N = 218,792) among individuals of European ancestry. Independent genetic variants significantly (P < 10-8) associated with each exposure were considered instruments. The primary analysis used an inverse variance-weighted method, followed by a series of sensitivity analyses. Genetically predicted sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of SSTI (odds ratio [OR], 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.59]; P = .017). Genetically predicted depression was linked with an increased risk of CNS infections (OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.00-2.53]; P = .049) and SSTI (1.24 [95% CI, 1.03-1.49]; P = .024). Genetically predicted anxiety was associated with IIDs (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03-1.37]; P = .017) and SSTI (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.02-1.43]; P = .029). There was no significant causal evidence for genetic prediction of nervous feelings and unspecified mental disorders in IIDs, CNS infections, SSTI, pneumonia, or urinary tract infection. Sensitivity analyses showed that the above causal association estimates were robust. In this MR study, we demonstrated a causal relationship between sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and the risk of infectious diseases. However, no evidence was found to support causality between nervous feelings, unspecified mental disorders, and the risk of infectious diseases.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mental health conditions of adolescents in the city of Manizales, Colombia, and explore risk regarding gender-based differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative, nonexperimental, descriptive research with associative scope. A total of 316 adolescents were assessed using five scales to evaluate mental health conditions: the Perceived Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Penn Alcohol Craving Scale and The Substance Dependence Severity Scale. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed, Chi square and Odds Ratio were tested. RESULTS: The findings indicated that being female is a risk factor for high levels of perceived stress, depressive episodes and anxiety. Additionally, adolescents who are not attending school are at higher risk for dependence and abuse of psychoactive substances. Conversely, being female acts as a protective factor against dependence on psychoactive substances. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest a higher tendency among the participants towards experiencing depressive episodes. Regarding perceived stress, 71.5% of the participants fell into the low category, while 70.6% experienced a current episode of generalized anxiety.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In the 1970s Massimo Fagioli (1931-2017) proposed a new theory of mind that he called the Human Birth Theory, based on a healthy conception of the baby and of the nonconscious mind. Fagioli made significant contributions to the understanding of mental dynamics at birth, the pathophysiology of mental illness, and the nonconscious identity of psychiatrists and psychotherapists. His original contributions to psychodynamic psychotherapy included variations on the setting and understanding of transference and dream interpretations that deviated from classical psychoanalytic techniques. This article introduces the basic tenets of Human Birth Theory, its neuropsychiatric correlates, and clinical applications.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the global prevalence of mental disorders among young people living with HIV. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles relevant to the study, published between January 2013 and June 2023. To identify sources of heterogeneity and compare prevalence estimates among various groups, subgroup analyses were conducted. Study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and the I 2 tests. The robustness of the findings was ascertained through sensitivity analyses, while publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Egger's test. Results: Sixty studies were included in this meta-analysis. It revealed that approximately one-quarter of YLWH experience depression, with a prevalence of 24.6% (95% CI: 21.1-28.2%). The prevalence of anxiety was found to be 17.0% (95% CI: 11.4-22.6%). Regarding suicidality, the prevalence of suicidal ideation and lifetime suicidal ideation in YLWH was 16.8% (95% CI: 11.3-22.4%) and 29.7% (95% CI: 23.7-35.7%), respectively. Additionally, the prevalence rates for suicidal attempts and lifetime suicidal attempts were 9.7% (95% CI: 4.0-15.4%) and 12.9% (95% CI: 2.8-23.1%), respectively. The prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was identified as 10.5% (95% CI: 5.8-15.2%) and 5.0% (95% CI: 3.1-7.0%), respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate a heightened risk of mental disorders among YLWH, underscoring the necessity for targeted intervention strategies to mitigate their suffering and potentially diminish the adverse impacts. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023470050, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023470050.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

By establishing semaphorin 6D expression in the amygdala as a central coordinator of brain, metabolic, and immunologic function, the Neuron publication by Nakanishi et al.1 provides new insight to how primary brain deficiency impacts physiological systems beyond the brain.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The psychologist working in an institution plays a specific role within a multidisciplinary team, where skills are multiple but complementary. As part of a holistic approach, the psychologist's position in relation to other team members, the different functions he or she occupies and his or her ethical responsibility are essential elements in the support provided. Whether supporting professionals or caring for patients, the psychologist brings unique resources to the relational space.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In psychiatry, psychomotricians can play an essential role in multidisciplinary teams. The specificity of their clinical vision and analysis, as well as their care tools, make them specialists in understanding the symptoms expressed by the body, and in body-mediated therapy. Able to propose interventions for patients in crisis, and to plan long-term care for stabilized chronic patients, they adapt to the temporality of the pathology. Committed to teamwork, they play their part in the multi-disciplinary weave of containing and structuring that the psychiatric institution confers on the most fragile patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A teacher of adapted physical activity and health (EAPAS) is a paramedical professional. A professional degree in sciences and techniques of physical and sports activities, with a specialization in adapted physical activity and health, is a prerequisite for this profession. These studies can be supplemented by a professional master's degree. EAPAS practitioners can work in the medico-social, somatic, psychiatric, geriatric and functional rehabilitation sectors. In mental health, they work as part of multi-disciplinary teams, with institutional support. They act on medical prescription to achieve psychological, physical, motivational and social benefits.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The psychiatric care team offers comprehensive, personalized support, raising public awareness, promoting mental equilibrium and combating stigmatization. Its role includes collaboration, communication, designing adapted treatment plans and creating a climate of trust to influence the quality of care. In this way, she contributes to a more inclusive and caring society. As such, her own state of well-being deserves special attention. However, they often work in a highly degraded ecosystem that can be likened to psychiatry in a war zone.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The multi-professional nature of the traditional psychiatric team is not enough to create its therapeutic function. The latter depends on sharing the same care objectives, the same way of working together and the organization of work. Knowledge of each person's professional skills and respect for their own scope of action are essential. Interdisciplinarity articulates skills in collective thinking along two axes: clinical and institutional.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The organization of a therapeutic stay by four mental health caregivers was a rich learning experience. This experience, a first for them, enabled them to expand their knowledge and adapt their professional posture over the long term. It also helped them to get to know themselves better on a personal level, to be more attuned to their emotions and aware of their limits. Here's a testimonial.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Drawing tasks are an elementary component of psychological assessment in the evaluation of mental health. With the rise of digitalization not only in psychology but healthcare in general, digital drawing tools (dDTs) have also been developed for this purpose. This scoping review aims at summarizing the state of the art of dDTs available to assess mental health conditions in people above preschool age. METHODS: PubMed, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, CINAHL, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for dDTs from 2000 onwards. The focus was on dDTs, which not only evaluate the final drawing, but also process data. RESULTS: After applying the search and selection strategy, a total of 37 articles, comprising unique dDTs, remained for data extraction. Around 75 % of these articles were published after 2014 and most of them target adults (86.5 %). In addition, dDTs were mainly used in two areas: tremor detection and assessment of cognitive states, utilizing, for example, the Spiral Drawing Test and the Clock Drawing Test. CONCLUSION: Early detection of mental diseases is an increasingly important field in healthcare. Through the integration of digital and art-based solutions, this area could expand into an interdisciplinary science. This review shows that the first steps in this direction have already been taken and that the possibilities for further research, e.g., on the optimized application of dDTs, are still open.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Patients with cancer and pre-existing severe mental disorder, which include moderate to severe depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are known to have reduced life expectancy and are less likely to get recommended cancer treatment. Barriers at patient-, provider- and system level have been identified, e.g. lack of identification of psychiatric comorbidity, shortage of stabilising psychiatric symptoms and fragmentation of the healthcare system. Patient-centered, interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial healthcare interventions have shown a high potential to improve the cancer care, as argued in this review.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: It is unclear whether the risk of suicide differs among individuals with only physical health condition, those with only mental health conditions, and those with both types of conditions (multimorbidity) and how emotional social support modifies these associations. This study aimed to examine differences in the association of suicidal ideation with the presence of only physical health conditions, only mental health conditions, and multimorbidity and the modifying role of emotional social support in these associations. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and September 2023 in a Japanese rural town to collect data. The exposure variable was the health condition, and it was classified into 4 groups: disease-free, only physical health conditions, only mental health conditions, and multimorbidity. The outcome variable was suicidal ideation. The data collected were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis. RESULTS: Suicidal ideation was found to have a significant positive association with the presence of only mental health conditions and multimorbidity. These associations remained unchanged in the absence of emotional social support. However, the odds ratio for the only mental health conditions group decreased in the presence of emotional social support, while the odds ratio for the multimorbidity group remained significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation is positively associated with the presence of only mental health conditions and multimorbidity, but emotional social support modifies only the association between suicidal ideation and the presence of only mental health conditions. These results suggest that it may be important to identify the type of social support one needs based on one's health condition to prevent suicide.

Asunto(s)