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Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the timing and characteristics of the onset of perinatally occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD is a potentially disabling anxiety-related mental health condition for which the perinatal period represents a time of increased risk for onset, recurrence, and exacerbation.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in British Columbia, Canada. Recruitment took place from January 23, 2014, to September 9, 2016. Participants provided information on reproductive and demographic questionnaires and diagnostic interviews (using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5) in late pregnancy and at 2 postpartum time points. Only participants who reported symptoms meeting full criteria for OCD during their current perinatal period were included in this report of findings (N = 97). Analyses were primarily descriptive in nature, with χ2 tests employed to test differences in onset (pregnancy vs postpartum) and perinatal OCD development based on age first symptom onset (childhood/ adolescence vs adulthood).Results: Over two-thirds (71%) of participants whose symptoms met full criteria for OCD at some point in their most recent perinatal period reported perinatal disorder onset. The majority of these (74%) reported onset during their first perinatal period. Perinatal disorder onset was much more likely to occur in the postpartum (83%), compared with in pregnancy (17%), χ2 (1, N = 69) = 29.3, P < .001. Symptom exacerbations were more likely to occur in the postpartum (77%) compared with prenatally (35%). Further, the lag time from symptom onset to disorder onset was shorter among participants who experienced a perinatal compared with a nonperinatal onset of their OCD.Conclusion: Findings contribute to our understanding of perinatal OCD onset, emphasize the vulnerability to OCD during the perinatal period, and provide one of the first assessments in which symptom onset is distinguished from disorder onset. This work underscores the importance of recognizing the distinct nature of perinatal OCD.
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Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , Edad de Inicio , Colombia Británica/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/psicología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Periodo Posparto/psicología , AdolescenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The mental health of child and adolescent intensive care unit (ICU) survivors is increasingly being researched. However, the literature on how various types of critical illness influence specific psychiatric disorders remains limited. METHODS: This study analyzed the data of 8704 child and adolescent ICU survivors and 87,040 age-, sex-, family income-, and residence-matched controls who were followed from enrollment to the end of 2013; the data covered the period from 1996 to 2013 and were extracted from a nationwide data set. The primary outcomes were the risks of five major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), namely schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RESULTS: Relative to the controls, the child and adolescent ICU survivors (mean age = 10.33 years) exhibited higher risks of developing five MPDs. The associated hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) are as follows: PTSD, HR = 4.67, 95 % CI = 2.42-9.01; schizophrenia, HR = 3.19, 95 % CI = 2.27-4.47; BD, HR = 2.02, 95 % CI = 1.33-3.05; OCD, HR = 1.96, 95 % CI = 1.21-3.16; and MDD, HR = 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.44-1.95. The risks of developing MPDs varied across multiple types of critical illness related to ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of MPDs were significantly higher among the child and adolescent ICU survivors than among the controls. The development of appropriate MPD prevention strategies should be emphasized for this vulnerable population.
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Trastorno Bipolar , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Esquizofrenia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Sobrevivientes , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Sobrevivientes/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Enfermedad Crítica/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
Importance: Epidemiologic studies indicate a high rate of autoimmune conditions among patients with obsessive-complusive disorder and other psychiatric conditions. Furthering the understanding of the inflammatory diatheses of psychiatric conditions may open doors to new treatment paradigms for psychiatric disorders. Objectives: To evaluate whether pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is associated with an inflammatory diathesis by assessing signs of immune activation and vasculopathy during a psychiatric symptom exacerbation (flare), estimating the risk of developing arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, and characterizing subtypes of arthritis. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study used longitudinal clinical data on 193 consecutive patients with PANS followed up within the Stanford Immune Behavioral Health Clinic from September 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: Medical records were reviewed, and a predefined set of immune markers that were measured during a flare and the features and imaging findings of arthritis and other autoimmune diseases were collected. Immune activation markers included (1) autoimmunity signs (antinuclear antibody, antihistone antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, C1q binding assay, and complement levels [C3 and C4]); (2) immune dysregulation or inflammation signs (leukopenia, thrombocytosis, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate); and (3) vasculopathy signs (livedo reticularis, periungual redness and swelling, abnormally prominent onychodermal band, palatal petechiae, high von Willebrand factor antigen, and high d-dimer). Last, the cumulative risk of developing arthritis and autoimmune diseases was estimated using product limit (Kaplan-Meier) survival probability. Results: The study included data from 193 children (112 boys [58.0%]) who had PANS at a mean (SD) age of 7.5 (3.5) years. They were followed up for a mean (SD) of 4.0 (2.1) years. Among those tested for immune activation markers, 54.2% (97 of 179) had nonspecific markers of autoimmunity, 12.0% (22 of 184) had nonspecific signs of immune dysregulation or inflammation, and 35.8% (69 of 193) had signs of vasculopathy. By 14 years of age, the estimated cumulative incidence of arthritis was 28.3% (95% CI, 20.8%-36.3%), and the estimated cumulative incidence of another autoimmune disease was 7.5% (95% CI, 4.0%-12.4%). Novel findings in the subgroup with arthritis include joint capsule thickening (55.0% [22 of 40]), distal interphalangeal joint tenderness (81.8% [45 of 55]), and spinous process tenderness (80.0% [44 of 55]). Among the 55 patients with arthritis, the most common subtypes of arthritis included enthesitis-related arthritis (37 [67.3%]), spondyloarthritis (27 [49.1%]), and psoriatic arthritis (10 [18.2%]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that patients with PANS show signs of immune activation and vasculopathy during psychiatric symptom flares and have an increased risk of developing arthritis and other autoimmune diseases compared with the general pediatric population. The most common arthritis subtype was enthesitis-related arthritis. These findings suggest that PANS may be part of a multisystem inflammatory condition rather than an isolated psychiatric or neuroinflammatory disorder.
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Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Humanos , Niño , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/inmunología , Preescolar , Artritis/epidemiología , Artritis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Increasing empirical attention has been given to the role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the development and maintenance of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Yet, current research has predominantly focused on adult and nonclinical BDD samples, and little is known about relevance of ACEs in adolescent BDD. The present study examined (a) the frequency of ACEs in adolescents with a primary diagnosis of BDD (n = 50) versus obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (n = 50) and (b) the clinical profile of ACE-exposed youth with BDD. ACEs were ascertained through a systematic search of electronic patient records, as well as through a parent- and self-report screening item for exposure to traumatic events. Results showed higher rate of peer victimisation (74% vs. 38%) and child maltreatment (44% vs. 24%) among BDD versus OCD youths; sexual abuse was the most common type of child maltreatment documented in the BDD group (28%) according to patient records. Parent-reported exposure to traumatic events was also significantly higher in the BDD than the OCD group (40% vs. 18%, respectively). Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes did not differ between those with versus without a history of ACEs. The current study is the first to demonstrate that a range of ACEs are common in adolescent BDD. Our findings highlight the importance of screening for these experiences. Although further research is needed, our findings also indicate that adolescents with BDD who have a history of ACEs are broadly similar in their clinical presentation to those without, and benefit from BDD-focused treatment.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal , Maltrato a los Niños , Humanos , Adolescente , Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal/psicología , Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , NiñoRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of neuropsychiatric sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI) among the Western Asian, South Asian and African regions of the global south. All studies on psychiatric disturbances or cognitive impairment following TBI conducted (until August 2021) in the 83 countries that constitute the aforementioned regions were reviewed; 6 databases were selected for the literature search. After evaluating the articles using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, the random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), TBI-related sleep disturbance (TBI-SD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and cognitive impairment. Of 56 non-duplicated studies identified in the initial search, 27 were eligible for systematic review and 23 for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression in 1,882 samples was 35.35%, that of anxiety in 1,211 samples was 28.64%, that of PTSD in 426 samples was 19.94%, that of OCD in 313 samples was 19.48%, that of TBI-SD in 562 samples was 26.67% and that of cognitive impairment in 941 samples was 49.10%. To date, this is the first critical review to examine the spectrum of post-TBI neuropsychiatric sequelae in the specified regions. Although existing studies lack homogeneous data due to variability in the diagnostic tools and outcome measures utilised, the reported prevalence rates are significant and comparable to statistics from the global north.
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Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Humanos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/epidemiología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/complicaciones , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/psicología , Prevalencia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/etiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etiología , África/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/etiologíaRESUMEN
Aim: Trichotillomania, an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder, is defined by the recurrent act of pulling out one's own hair from different areas of the body. Despite the considerable body of research dedicated to the subject of trichotillomania, the overarching trends that unify these studies remain obscure. The purpose of the present bibliometric analysis was to ascertain these trends.Method: To achieve this objective, we conducted a thorough search of publications in the Web of Science database and subsequently evaluated the acquired data using VOSviewer software.Results: The most cited article on trichotillomania was written by Simonoff et al. The most prolific writer on trichotillomania is Grant JE. The most publications on the subject of trichotillomania were published in the "Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders" and the most frequently repeated keyword is trichotillomania. Trichotillomania studies have focused on treatment, clinical features, and other accompanying psychiatric conditions.Conclusion: Potential areas of research could include treatment methods in addition to the psychiatric and physical comorbidities of trichotillomania, and efforts to enhance international collaborations in this domain should be intensified.
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Bibliometría , Tricotilomanía , Tricotilomanía/epidemiología , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Suicidality was very high among individuals who suffered from childhood trauma. The distribution of cumulative childhood trauma among youths remains unclear, as well as the specific effects of cumulative childhood trauma on suicidality. This study attempted to explore the distribution of cumulative childhood trauma and examine the specific effects of cumulative childhood trauma on suicidality. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study, with 117,769 college students recruited from 63 universities in Jilin Province, China. All variables were measured by corresponding self-report questionnaires. The Venn diagram was used to represent the distribution of single and cumulative childhood trauma. ANOVA and chi-square tests were conducted to identify the high-risk suicide groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine risk factors for suicidality for overlapping subtypes. RESULTS: 27,671 (23.5%) participants reported suffering from childhood trauma, of which 49.5% were male (Mage = 19.59, SD = 1.76). The "physical neglect" group accounted for the largest proportion (31.5%). Suicidality was the highest in the "overlap of childhood neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse" group (2.0%). Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder were common risk factors for suicidality. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by cross-sectional studies and self-report bias. CONCLUSIONS: The childhood trauma subtype group with the largest proportion was not necessarily the highest suicidality. Both the largest group and the highest-risk suicide group require special attention to their respective risk factors.
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Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , China/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Ideación Suicida , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Suicidio/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Adulto , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Niño , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Universidades , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , AutoinformeRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease with a significant burden of neuropsychiatric sequelae. These symptoms, including depression and anxiety, are predictors of morbidity and mortality in people with MS. Despite a high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in MS, potentially shared pathophysiological mechanisms and overlap in possible treatments, no review has specifically examined the clinical dimensions of people with obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) and MS. In this scoping review, we aim to map the available knowledge on the clinical dimensions of people with co-occurring OCRD and MS. Understanding the characteristics of this population in greater detail will inform more patient-centred care and create a framework for future studies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We developed a search strategy to identify all articles that include people with co-occurring OCRD and MS. The search strategy (extending to the grey literature) was applied to MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Records will undergo title and abstract screening by two independent reviewers. Articles meeting inclusion criteria based on title and abstract screening will go on to full-text review by the two independent reviewers. After reaching a consensus about articles for inclusion in the final review, data will be extracted using a standardised extraction form. The extracted data will include clinical characteristics of patients such as age, gender, medication use and severity of MS, among others. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This scoping review does not require research ethics approval. Results will be shared at national and/or international conferences, in a peer-reviewed journal publication, in a plain language summary and in a webinar for the general public.
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Esclerosis Múltiple , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Humanos , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/complicaciones , Proyectos de Investigación , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model is a widely used theoretical model to measure stress in the workplace. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ERI and three common mental disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, the study sample consisted of 4453 baseline participants of the Employees' Health Cohort Study of Iran (EHCSIR). Trained psychologists utilized the Persian version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-2.1) during the baseline assessment to identify common mental disorders. Additionally, the validated Persian version of the 23-item ERI questionnaire was employed to assess effort, reward, overcommitment, and effort-reward ratio. To examine the association of ERI components with three common mental disorders (MDD, GAD, and OCD) over the past twelve months, multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of effort-reward imbalance in the study sample was 47.1%. Higher ERI score was significantly associated with MDD (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.30-5.13), GAD (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.27-4.63), and OCD (OR: 2.23, 95% CI:1.19-4.19). The study participants who reported higher scores on work overcommitment had a higher likelihood of having MDD (OR: 1.16, 95% CI:1.10-1.23), GAD (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14), and OCD (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29). CONCLUSIONS: According to the study's findings, work-related stress, as determined by the ERI model, is a significant factor in the development of common mental disorders among employees in the public sector.
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Trastornos de Ansiedad , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Recompensa , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Estrés Laboral/psicología , Sector Público , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Psoriasis , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Psoriasis/psicología , Psoriasis/epidemiología , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , AncianoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There are several established structured diagnostic interviews that cover common mental disorders seen in general psychiatry clinics. The administration of more focused diagnostic interviews may be useful in specialty clinics, such as OCD clinics. A semi-structured clinician-administered interview for obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (SCID-OCSD) was developed and adapted for DSM-5/ICD-11 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders as well as other putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a semi-structured diagnostic interview for in-depth assessment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs), and to report on its implementation in adults with primary OCD attending an OCD-specialized unit. METHODS: Patients with primary OCD were interviewed using the SCID-OCSD. The SCID-OCSD assesses disorders drawn from several diagnostic categories that share some core features of obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and that are often comorbid in OCD (e.g., obsessive-compulsive related disorders, impulse-control disorders, and a spectrum of compulsive-impulsive conditions such as tics, eating disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and behavioral addictions. Participants had to be at least moderately symptomatic on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity scale (YBOCS, i.e., a total score ≥ 14) to be included in the current study. RESULTS: One hundred and one adult patients with current OCD (n = 101, 37 men and 64 women), took part in the study. Forty-two participants (n = 42) had OCD and one or more current or past comorbid OCSDs, with excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (n = 16) and body dysmorphic disorder (n = 14) being the most common. Nine (n = 9) participants reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury, and 6 participants reported a history of comorbid tics. CONCLUSIONS: In OCD clinics, the SCID-OCSD may help diagnose the full range of putative OCSDs, and so facilitate treatment planning and research on these conditions.
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Entrevista Psicológica , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, affecting approximately 1.3 % of the population. Loneliness has serious consequences for future health outcomes. Although it has been extensively studied in depression, its prevalence in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has hardly been investigated. The current study sought to examine the association between loneliness and OCD, through an exploratory investigation of their demographic and clinical correlates. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Netherlands Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study, designed to investigate determinants, course, and consequences of OCD in a large clinical sample. In this data base, a cohort of 363 OCD adult patients underwent assessment for loneliness severity, OCD symptomatology, comorbid conditions, and demographic variables. Findings reveal a high prevalence of loneliness among OCD patients, with nearly three-quarters (73.6 %) experiencing elevated levels. Loneliness was associated with greater depression severity and specific demographic factors such as gender, age, and education level. However, the relationship between OCD severity and loneliness was explained by depression severity. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.
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Soledad , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Soledad/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Adulto Joven , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Prevalencia , Comorbilidad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , AdolescenteRESUMEN
The perinatal period is marked by a higher risk of experiencing depressive, anxiety, and/or trauma-related symptoms, a phenomenon that affects millions of individuals each year. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms commonly co-occur but have rarely been examined together beyond prevalence estimates in the perinatal period. Our study aimed to explore patterns of associations among OCD and PTSD symptoms to elucidate within- and between-person effects and how these effects may change over time. Participants (N = 270) were recruited during pregnancy from an academic medical center affiliated with a midwestern university. PTSD, OCD, and depressive symptoms were assessed at pregnancy, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postpartum. A panel graphical vector autoregression model was used to estimate networks. The temporal network provided information regarding directed predictive effects between symptoms, and hyperarousal, neutralizing, and ordering were the most stable and predictive symptoms across time. The contemporaneous network, which yields undirected partial correlations between symptoms at a given moment, indicated that there were positive associations between intrusions and avoidance, hyperarousal and negative alterations in cognitions and mood, as well as between hyperarousal and dysphoria. This study identified hyperarousal and neutralizing as the PTSD and OCD symptoms with the strongest stability, predictive power, and association with other symptoms. Clinically, this indicates that screening for hyperarousal and neutralizing symptoms may identify individuals who could maximally benefit from treatment in the perinatal period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Adulto Joven , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/psicología , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Injuries and poisoning are associated with mental disorders. The association may be stronger if comorbid mental illness is involved. This study explores whether selected mental disorders (stress, anxiety, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], bipolar, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD], schizophrenia) are associated with injuries and poisoning and if the presence and frequency of comorbid mental illness affect these associations. Analyses utilize medical claims data for adult employees of a large corporation during 2017-2021. Approximately half or more of the index mental disorders experience comorbid mental illness. Odds of injury and poisoning are significantly greater for each mental disorder and tend to be significantly greater when comorbid mental illness exists ( vs . the mental disorder alone), especially for the associations involving poisoning. Schizophrenia alone and in combination with other mental illness has the strongest associations with injury and poisoning. OCD is only associated with injury and poisoning, and ADHD is only associated with poisoning, if accompanied by comorbid mental illness.
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Comorbilidad , Trastornos Mentales , Intoxicación , Heridas y Lesiones , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Heridas y Lesiones/epidemiología , Heridas y Lesiones/psicología , Intoxicación/epidemiología , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Hoarding Disorder (HD) is a prominent and disabling neuropsychiatric condition defined by the inability to discard objects resulting in impairing levels of clutter. The prevalence rate is 2-6 % and increases with age. The aging Veteran population is a high risk group for impairment associated with HD. Medical and psychiatric comorbidities as well as associated rates of disability and poor quality of life are very common in both HD and the related disorder of OCD. We examined rates of HD and OCD diagnoses at the VA San Diego Healthcare System. Data were obtained from medical records for all Veterans with these diagnoses over 8-years and included information on medical and psychiatric care, homelessness services, and Care Assessment Needs (CAN) scores. Rates of diagnosis for both HD and OCD were well below epidemiological estimates. Veterans with HD were older, had higher rates of medical hospital admissions with longer stays; had more cardiac, neurological, and acquired medical conditions; had more psychiatric comorbidities; had more interactions with the suicide prevent team and homelessness services; and had higher CAN scores than Veterans with OCD. The low rate of diagnosis and high services utilization of Veterans with HD demonstrates an area of unmet need.
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Trastorno de Acumulación , Veteranos , Humanos , Veteranos/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno de Acumulación/epidemiología , Trastorno de Acumulación/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Acumulación/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Comorbilidad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD symptoms have higher rates of childhood trauma. Although it has been suggested that this relationship is due to mental contamination that developed in response to trauma, no studies have investigated the associations between childhood trauma, mental contamination, and OCD, and none have examined whether the relationship between childhood trauma and OCD is mediated by mental contamination. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that OCD, childhood trauma, and mental contamination are positively correlated, and that mental contamination would mediate the association between childhood trauma and OCD symptoms PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: We tested these hypotheses in a sample of 245 individuals, which comprised 158 MTurk workers recruited via CloudResearch.com and 87 individuals recruited through social media with OCD diagnoses or OCD symptoms above the clinical cutoff on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. METHODS: Participants completed online self-report questionnaires on childhood trauma, mental contamination, and OCD symptoms. RESULTS: The results revealed statistically significant positive correlations between childhood trauma, mental contamination, and OCD, and statistically significant total and indirect effects for the simple mediational model. Exploratory re-analyses with participants who had high OCD symptoms (n = 87) showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Our research shows that the association between childhood trauma and OCD may be explained by mental contamination. We recommend that mental contamination should be assessed and addressed in OCD patients with a history of childhood trauma.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Humanos , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Autoinforme , Persona de Mediana Edad , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly prevalent in schizophrenia, its relationship with patients' real-life functioning is still controversial. METHODS: The present study aims at investigating the prevalence of OCD in a large cohort of non-preselected schizophrenia patients living in the community and verifying the relationship of OCD, as well as of other psychopathological symptoms, with real-life functioning along a continuum of OCD severity and after controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS: A sample of 327 outpatients with schizophrenia was enrolled in the study and collapsed into three subgroups according to OCD severity (subclinical, mild-moderate, severe). A series of structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to analyze in each subgroup the association of obsessive-compulsive symptoms with real-life functioning, assessed through the Specific Levels of Functioning Scale and the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment. Moreover, latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to infer latent subpopulations. In the subclinical OCD group, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were not associated with functioning, whereas in the mild-moderate OCD group, they showed a positive relationship, particularly in the domains of work and everyday life skills. The paucity of patients with severe OCD did not allow performing SEM analysis in this group. Finally, LPA confirmed a subgroup with mild-moderate OCS and more preserved levels of functioning. CONCLUSIONS: These findings hint at a positive association between mild-moderate OCD and real-life functioning in individuals with schizophrenia and encourage a careful assessment of OCD in personalized programs to sustain daily life activities.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Adulto , Italia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Actividades Cotidianas/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The devastating health, economic, and social consequences of COVID-19 may harm the already vulnerable groups, particularly people with severe psychiatric disorders (SPDs). The present study was conducted to investigate the anxiety response of patients with SPDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A total of 351 patients with SPDs [Schizophrenia Spectrum (SSD), Bipolar (BD), Major Depressive (MDD), and Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Disorders] and healthy controls in Guilan province, Iran, throughout 2021-2022 were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. The anxiety response consisted of four concepts: COVID-19-related anxiety, general health anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and safety behaviors. We conducted an unstructured interview and provided sociodemographic and clinical information. Also, the participants were asked to complete four self-report measures of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Checklist of Safety Behaviors. RESULTS: Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the groups of patients with SPDs and the control group in COVID-19-related anxiety (F = 6.92, p = 0.0001), health anxiety (F = 6.21, p = 0.0001), and safety behaviors (F = 2.52, p = 0.41). No significant difference was observed between them in anxiety sensitivity (F = 1.77, p = 0.134). The Games-Howell test showed that the control group obtained a higher mean than the groups of people with BD (p < 0.0001), SSD (p = 0.033), and OCD (p = 0.003) disorders in COVID-19-related anxiety. The patients with MDD (p = 0.014) and OCD (p = 0.01) had a higher mean score than the control group in health anxiety. Tukey's test showed that the mean of safety behaviors of the control group was significantly higher than the OCD group (p = 0.21). No significant difference was found between the groups of patients with MDD, BD, SSD, and OCD in terms of COVID-19-related anxiety, health anxiety, and safety behaviors. CONCLUSION: Anxiety response to health crisis is different in groups with SPDs and control group. The findings of this study suggest that although health anxiety is present in many of these patients during the pandemic, their anxiety response to the health crisis may be less than expected. There can be various explanations, such as pre-existing symptoms, low health literacy, and possible co-occurring cognitive impairment. The results of this study have many practical and policy implications in meeting the treatment needs of this group of patients during public health crises and indicate that their needs may not be compatible with the expectations and estimates that health professionals and policymakers already have.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Irán/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/epidemiología , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo/psicología , Salud Pública , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Objectives. This study aims to compare the work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of nurses and office workers and to determine the relationship between work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Methods. A total of 127 nurses and 127 office workers participated in the cross-sectional study and comparative study. Data were collected using the perceived work stress scale and the Maudsley obsessive-compulsive inventory.Results. Nurses had higher work stress scores (p = 0.003) in general than office workers. In particular, nurses with a low (p < 0.039) and average (p < 0.007) economic status, nurses who had been employed for 1-10 years (p < 0.001) and nurses working 40 h per week (p < 0.042) had higher work stress scores than office workers. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between obsessive-compulsive symptom scores. There was a positive significant relationship (p < 0.001) between work stress and obsessive-compulsive symptom scores of nurses and office workers. Work stress explains 6.1% of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nurses and 12.4% in office workers.Conclusion. The results of this study concluded that work stress of nurses is higher than that of office workers and work stress affects the obsessive-compulsive symptoms in both groups.