RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Supplementation with the Agave tequilana Weber blue variety fructans is a feasible treatment option for functional constipation (FC). However, its effects on colonic function have not yet been studied. This study assessed whole gut transit time (WGTT) and regional transit time using a wireless motility capsule (WMC) before and after supplementation with different fiber treatments in patients with FC. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed on data collected from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing agave fructans with psyllium plantago. WGTT, regional transit time, contractility, and pH were measured using WMC before and after fiber supplementation. Comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests. KEY RESULTS: Twenty patients with FC were evaluated, with a median age of 39 (25-54 years), and 18 (90%) were women. Five patients were included in each intervention group. There were no changes in WGTT or regional transit times between the groups (p > 0.05). Similarly, there were no differences in the changes experienced by regional or general contractility among the groups (p > 0.05). The cecal pH profile did not differ between the groups before and after fiber supplementation (p > 0.05). The percentages of clinical responses and consistency of bowel movements between the groups were similar. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: FC presents a clinical response to a fiber challenge, regardless of the administered intervention. However, this response was not associated with improvement in contractility or regional transit time. We speculate that there are other mechanisms by which fiber consumption may improve FC.
Asunto(s)
Agave , Estreñimiento , Fibras de la Dieta , Fructanos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal , Psyllium , Humanos , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , Femenino , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Psyllium/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Método Doble Ciego , Suplementos DietéticosRESUMEN
The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroid associated or not with physical workouts disrupts gastrointestinal (GI) function homeostasis. Our goal was to investigate the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and moderate swimming on the GI transit of solid meals, GI motor contractility, and intestinal histology in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups that received intramuscular injections of ND (5.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (60.0 µL) and were submitted or not to swimming sessions (60 min, 5% body weight overload) for 4 weeks. Gastric emptying, intestinal transit, in vitro GI contractility, intestinal morphometry, and duodenal mucosal mast cells were evaluated in all experimental groups. ND treatment accelerated gastric emptying, slowed small intestine transit time, enhanced gastric carbachol-mediated reactivity, decreased crypt depth and villus height, reduced mucosal thickness, and increased the circular and longitudinal muscle layer thickness of the duodenum in sedentary rats. Moderate exercise accelerated intestinal transit time and reduced submucosa thickness. In vehicle-treated animals, a strong negative correlation was found between intestinal transit and mucosal mast cells, which was reversed by ND treatment. Combining ND treatment and swimming accelerated gastric emptying, increased duodenal cholinergic reactivity, inhibited the sodium nitroprusside relaxing response, increased the number of duodenal mast cells, decreased villus height, and increased the thickness of all muscle layers. ND changed the morphological and functional properties of the GI tract over time, with intense dysmotility, especially in sedentary animals, but moderate exercise seemed to have played a compensatory role in these harmful effects in the gut.
Asunto(s)
Anabolizantes , Duodeno , Motilidad Gastrointestinal , Nandrolona Decanoato , Nandrolona , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Nandrolona Decanoato/farmacología , Duodeno/efectos de los fármacos , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Anabolizantes/farmacología , Nandrolona/farmacología , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Natación , Vaciamiento Gástrico/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Plant vernacular names can provide clues about the popular use of a species in different regions and are valuable sources of information about the culture or vocabulary of a population. Several medicinal plants in Brazil have received names of medicines and brand-name products. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity in the central nervous system of three species known popularly by brand names of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and digestive drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydroethanolic extracts of Alternanthera dentata (AD), Ocimum carnosum (OC), and Plectranthus barbatus (PB) aerial parts were submitted to phytochemical analysis by HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS/MS and evaluated in animal models at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Mice were tested on hot plate, acetic acid-induced writing, formalin-induced licking, and intestinal transit tests. Aspirin and morphine were employed as standard drugs. RESULTS: The three extracts did not change the mice's response on the hot plate. Hydroethanolic extracts of AD and PB reduced the number of writhes and licking time, while OC was only effective on the licking test at dose of 1000 mg/kg. In addition, AD and OC reduced intestinal transit, while PB increased gut motility. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological tests supported some popular uses, suggesting peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, while the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of several flavonoids in the three hydroethanolic extracts and steroids in PB, with some barbatusterol derivatives described for the first time in the species.
Asunto(s)
Amaranthaceae , Analgésicos , Antiinflamatorios , Parasimpatolíticos , Fitoquímicos , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Extractos Vegetales , Plectranthus , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Analgésicos/química , Ratones , Parasimpatolíticos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Masculino , Amaranthaceae/química , Plectranthus/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Ocimum/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Brasil , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The progeny of rats born and breastfed by mothers receiving dexamethasone (DEX) during pregnancy exhibits permanent reduction in body weight and adiposity but the precise mechanisms related to this programming are not fully understood. In order to clarify this issue, the present study investigated key aspects of lipoprotein production and lipid metabolism by the liver and the intestine that would explain the reduced adiposity seen in the adult offspring exposed to DEX in utero. Female Wistar rats were treated with DEX (0.1 mg/kg/day) between the 15th and the 21st days of pregnancy, while control mothers were treated with vehicle. Male offspring born to control mothers were nursed by either adoptive control mothers (CTL/CTL) or DEX-treated mothers (CTL/DEX). Male offspring born to DEX-treated mothers were nursed by either control mothers (DEX/CTL) or adoptive DEX-treated mothers (DEX/DEX). We found that only the male DEX/DEX offspring had reduced adiposity. Additionally, male DEX/DEX progeny had lower circulating triacylglycerol (TAG) levels only in fed-state. The four groups of offspring presented similar energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production. On the other hand, DEX/DEX rats displayed reduced TAG levels after gavage with olive oil and reduced expression of fatty acid translocase Cd36 (Fat/Cd36) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) in the jejunum. Altogether, our study supports the notion that reduced fat absorption by the jejunum may contribute to the lower adiposity of the adult offspring born and breastfed by mothers treated with DEX during pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Dexametasona/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Yeyuno/efectos de los fármacos , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Animales , Calorimetría Indirecta , Colesterol/metabolismo , Femenino , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sericin extracted from silkworm Bombyx mori cocoon on morphophysiological parameters in mice with obesity induced by high-fat diet. METHODS: Male C57Bl6 mice aged 9 weeks were allocated to one of two groups - Control and Obese, and fed a standard or high-fat diet for 10 weeks, respectively. Mice were then further subdivided into four groups with seven mice each, as follows: Control, Control-Sericin, Obese, and Obese-Sericin. The standard or high fat diet was given for 4 more weeks; sericin (1,000mg/kg body weight) was given orally to mice in the Control-Sericin and Obese-Sericin Groups during this period. Weight gain, food intake, fecal weight, fecal lipid content, gut motility and glucose tolerance were monitored. At the end of experimental period, plasma was collected for biochemical analysis. Samples of white adipose tissue, liver and jejunum were collected and processed for light microscopy analysis; liver fragments were used for lipid content determination. RESULTS: Obese mice experienced significantly greater weight gain and fat accumulation and had higher total cholesterol and glucose levels compared to controls. Retroperitoneal and periepididymal adipocyte hypertrophy, development of hepatic steatosis, increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels and morphometric changes in the jejunal wall were observed. CONCLUSION: Physiological changes induced by obesity were not fully reverted by sericin; however, sericin treatment restored jejunal morphometry and increased lipid excretion in feces in obese mice, suggesting potential anti-obesity effects.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/uso terapéutico , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Sericinas/uso terapéutico , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colesterol/análisis , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado Graso/patología , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Obesos , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sericinas/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triglicéridos/análisis , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the effects of sericin extracted from silkworm Bombyx mori cocoon on morphophysiological parameters in mice with obesity induced by high-fat diet. Methods Male C57Bl6 mice aged 9 weeks were allocated to one of two groups - Control and Obese, and fed a standard or high-fat diet for 10 weeks, respectively. Mice were then further subdivided into four groups with seven mice each, as follows: Control, Control-Sericin, Obese, and Obese-Sericin. The standard or high fat diet was given for 4 more weeks; sericin (1,000mg/kg body weight) was given orally to mice in the Control-Sericin and Obese-Sericin Groups during this period. Weight gain, food intake, fecal weight, fecal lipid content, gut motility and glucose tolerance were monitored. At the end of experimental period, plasma was collected for biochemical analysis. Samples of white adipose tissue, liver and jejunum were collected and processed for light microscopy analysis; liver fragments were used for lipid content determination. Results Obese mice experienced significantly greater weight gain and fat accumulation and had higher total cholesterol and glucose levels compared to controls. Retroperitoneal and periepididymal adipocyte hypertrophy, development of hepatic steatosis, increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels and morphometric changes in the jejunal wall were observed. Conclusion Physiological changes induced by obesity were not fully reverted by sericin; however, sericin treatment restored jejunal morphometry and increased lipid excretion in feces in obese mice, suggesting potential anti-obesity effects.
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar os efeitos da sericina extraída de casulos de Bombyx mori na morfofisiologia de camundongos com obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Métodos Camundongos machos C57Bl6, com 9 semanas de idade, foram distribuídos em Grupos Controle e Obeso, que receberam ração padrão para roedores ou dieta hiperlipídica por 10 semanas, respectivamente. Posteriormente, os animais foram redistribuídos em quatro grupos, com sete animais cada: Controle, Controle-Sericina, Obeso e Obeso-Sericina. Os animais permaneceram recebendo ração padrão ou hiperlipídica por 4 semanas, período no qual a sericina foi administrada oralmente na dose de 1.000mg/kg de massa corporal aos Grupos Controle-Sericina e Obeso-Sericina. Parâmetros fisiológicos, como ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, peso das fezes em análise de lipídios fecais, motilidade intestinal e tolerância à glicose foram monitorados. Ao término do experimento, o plasma foi coletado para dosagens bioquímicas e fragmentos de tecido adiposo branco; fígado e jejuno foram processados para análises histológicas, e amostras hepáticas foram usadas para determinação lipídica. Resultados Camundongos obesos apresentaram ganho de peso e acúmulo de gordura significativamente maior que os controles, aumento do colesterol total e glicemia. Houve hipertrofia dos adipócitos retroperitoneais e periepididimais, instalação de esteatose e aumento do colesterol e triglicerídeos hepáticos, bem como alteração morfométrica da parede jejunal. Conclusão O tratamento com sericina não reverteu todas as alterações fisiológicas promovidas pela obesidade, mas restaurou a morfometria jejunal e aumentou a quantidade de lipídios eliminados nas fezes dos camundongos obesos, apresentando-se como potencial tratamento para a obesidade.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Fármacos Antiobesidad/uso terapéutico , Sericinas/uso terapéutico , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de Tiempo , Triglicéridos/análisis , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Colesterol/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Sericinas/farmacología , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado Graso/patología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Hígado/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Obesos , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. RESULTS: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. CONCLUSION: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Infliximab/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Colitis/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Heces , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Inmunohistoquímica , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidasa/análisis , Ratas Wistar , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. Conclusion: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infliximab/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunohistoquímica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ratas Wistar , Colitis/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Peroxidasa/análisis , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Heces , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologíaRESUMEN
This study investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract from the bark of Combretum leprosum (ECL) on intestinal transit and castor-oil induced diarrhea in mice. The oral administration of ECL (750 and 1000 mg/kg) slowed intestinal transit (ID50 of 455 mg/kg). The ECL (250-1000 mg/kg) reduced castor-oil induced diarrhea, in a time- and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). To determine if antidiarrheal effect of ECL involves α2-adrenergic or opioid receptor activation, the mice were pretreated with antagonists of these receptors, yohimbine or naloxone respectively. None of these drugs inhibited the antidiarrheal effect of ECL. To test if antidiarrheal effect of ECL is due to an antisecretory action, we realized the enteropooling assay on rats. The ECL increased bowel content and did not inhibit intestinal fluid secretion increase induced by misoprostol (100 µg/kg, s.c.). To determine if antimotility effect of ECL is due to a reduction on gastric motility, we realized the organ bath assay in the rat fundus stomach. Isotonic recordings show that the carbachol /KCl - induced contraction was not reversed by the addition of ECL. In conclusion, our results suggest that ECL contains antidiarrheal compounds and these compounds could induce a reduction of intestinal tract motility.
Asunto(s)
Antidiarreicos/uso terapéutico , Combretum/química , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antidiarreicos/farmacología , Aceite de Ricino , Diarrea/etiología , Femenino , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Secreciones Intestinales/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Opioides/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Several compounds characterized by an olefin linkage conjugated to a carbonyl group have anti-inflammatory properties. The diuretic ethacrynic acid (EA) is a compound of this type. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ethacrynic acid can modulate the development of ileus after bowel manipulation. METHODS: Groups (n=9) of male C57Bl/6 mice underwent surgical manipulation of the small intestine using a pair of cotton-tipped applicators (MAN). Control animals (CONT) did not undergo any surgical intervention or receive treatment. MAN mice were pre- and post-treated with four intraperitoneal doses of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), EA1 (1mg/kg per dose), or EA10 (10mg/kg per dose). Gastrointestinal transit of non-absorbable FITC-labeled dextran was assessed by gavaging the mice with the tracer 24h after operation and assessing FD70 concentration 120 min later in the bowel contents from the stomach, 10 equally long segments of small intestine, cecum, and two equally long segments of colon. The geometric center for the tracer was calculated for each animal. Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcripts in the ileal muscularis propria was assessed using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In control animals, the mean (±SE) geometric center for the transit marker was 9.89±0.47, whereas it was 4.59±0.59 for PBS-treated animals (p<0.05 vs CONT). The geometric center for pre- post treatment with low (1mg/kg) and high (10mg/kg) doses of ethacrynic acid were 7.23±0.97 and 5.15±0.57, respectively. Compared to PBS, treatment with ethacrynic acid (1mg/kg) significantly decreased manipulation-induced IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expression in the wall of the small bowel. CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-treatment with ethacrynic acid ameliorates ileus and modulates inflammation in the gut wall induced by bowel manipulation.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Etacrínico/farmacología , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ileus/patología , Mediadores de Inflamación/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ileus/cirugía , Intestino Delgado/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of endosperm of tara seeds (ETS) and powder of Agave americana leaves (AAL) on body weight and intestinal transit time in Holtzman rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five male Holtzman rats, individually caged, and distributed into five groups were fed for 21 days with one of the following treatments: T1, diet with 6% alpha cellulose (Control); T2, diet with 6% ETS; T3, diet with 6% AAL; T4, diet with 10% ETS; and T5, Diet with 10% AAL. Feed intake, body weight gain, apparent digestibility of fat, characteristics of feces (fat content, weight, moisture, volume, and pH) and intestinal transit time were recorded. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, as well as Tukey's multiple means comparison. RESULTS: Diets with 6% and 10% of ETS resulted in a reduction of feed intake, apparent digestibility of fat, and fecal pH, and said results had an effect in the reduction of body weight gain of 37.0% (p=0.008) and 50.9% (0.001), compared with the control diet. The diet with 10% of AAL powder reduced the intestinal transit time from 642 min (control) to 532 min (p=0.242). CONCLUSIONS: Diets containing EST regulated body weight gain, while the diet with AAL powder had no effects on the intestinal transit time in rats.
OBJETIVOS.: Evaluar el efecto del endospermo de semilla de tara (EST) y polvo de hojas del Agave americana (HAA) sobre el peso corporal y velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas Holtzman. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Veinticinco ratas machos Holtzman distribuidas en cinco grupos y alojadas en jaulas individuales, fueron alimentadas durante 21 días con uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1, dieta con 6% de alfa celulosa (control); T2, dieta con 6% de EST; T3, dieta con 6% de HAA; T4, dieta con 10% de EST y T5, dieta con 10% de HAA. Se registraron el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso corporal, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa, características de las heces (contenido de grasa, peso, humedad, volumen y pH) y tiempo de tránsito intestinal. Se realizaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía y a través de la comparación múltiple de medias de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Dietas con 6% y 10% del EST exhibieron una reducción en el consumo de alimento, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa y pH fecal, cuyos resultados tuvieron efectos en la reducción de la ganancia del peso corporal de 37,0% (p=0,008) y 50,9% (p=0,001) comparados con la dieta control. Dieta con 10% del polvo de HAA redujo el tiempo de tránsito intestinal de 642 min (control) a 532 min (p=0,242). CONCLUSIONES: Dietas que contienen EST regulan la ganancia del peso corporal; en cambio, dieta con polvo de HAA, no tuvo efectos sobre la velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas.
Asunto(s)
Agave , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Caesalpinia , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Endospermo , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Masculino , Hojas de la Planta , Polvos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Semillas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto del endospermo de semilla de tara (EST) y polvo de hojas del Agave americana (HAA) sobre el peso corporal y velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas Holtzman. Materiales y métodos Veinticinco ratas machos Holtzman distribuidas en cinco grupos y alojadas en jaulas individuales, fueron alimentadas durante 21 días con uno de los siguientes tratamientos: T1, dieta con 6% de alfa celulosa (control); T2, dieta con 6% de EST; T3, dieta con 6% de HAA; T4, dieta con 10% de EST y T5, dieta con 10% de HAA. Se registraron el consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso corporal, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa, características de las heces (contenido de grasa, peso, humedad, volumen y pH) y tiempo de tránsito intestinal. Se realizaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una vía y a través de la comparación múltiple de medias de Tukey. Resultados Dietas con 6% y 10% del EST exhibieron una reducción en el consumo de alimento, digestibilidad aparente de la grasa y pH fecal, cuyos resultados tuvieron efectos en la reducción de la ganancia del peso corporal de 37,0% (p=0,008) y 50,9% (p=0,001) comparados con la dieta control. Dieta con 10% del polvo de HAA redujo el tiempo de tránsito intestinal de 642 min (control) a 532 min (p=0,242). Conclusiones Dietas que contienen EST regulan la ganancia del peso corporal; en cambio, dieta con polvo de HAA, no tuvo efectos sobre la velocidad de tránsito intestinal en ratas.
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effects of endosperm of tara seeds (ETS) and powder of Agave americana leaves (AAL) on body weight and intestinal transit time in Holtzman rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-five male Holtzman rats, individually caged, and distributed into five groups were fed for 21 days with one of the following treatments: T1, diet with 6% alpha cellulose (Control); T2, diet with 6% ETS; T3, diet with 6% AAL; T4, diet with 10% ETS; and T5, Diet with 10% AAL. Feed intake, body weight gain, apparent digestibility of fat, characteristics of feces (fat content, weight, moisture, volume, and pH) and intestinal transit time were recorded. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed, as well as Tukey's multiple means comparison. Results Diets with 6% and 10% of ETS resulted in a reduction of feed intake, apparent digestibility of fat, and fecal pH, and said results had an effect in the reduction of body weight gain of 37.0% (p=0.008) and 50.9% (0.001), compared with the control diet. The diet with 10% of AAL powder reduced the intestinal transit time from 642 min (control) to 532 min (p=0.242). Conclusions Diets containing EST regulated body weight gain, while the diet with AAL powder had no effects on the intestinal transit time in rats.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Agave , Caesalpinia , Polvos , Semillas , Factores de Tiempo , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Hojas de la Planta , EndospermoRESUMEN
The effect of bisacodyl on the treatment of rats with slow transit constipation (STC) was studied. Forty-five female Wister rats were divided into control group, STC group, and STC bisacodyl group. The immunohistochemical method was used to determine interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and the expression of c-Kit protein. Body mass and the number of defecations were significantly decreased in the STC group compared with the control group on the 100th day after diphenoxylate administration, while dry weight of feces was significantly increased and the intestinal transit time was prolonged. There were significant differences in the number of defecations, dry weight of feces, and intestinal transit time among the three groups. The number of defecations was higher, dry weight of feces was lower, and intestinal transit time was shorter in the STC bisacodyl group compared to the STC group. In addition, ICC basement membrane dissolution occurred in the colon wall of the STC group. The connection between ICC and surrounding cells was destroyed, and the nucleus shrunken to different degrees. Moreover, c-Kit expression in the STC group was significantly lower than the control group. The connection between ICC and surrounding cells in the STC bisacodyl group was significantly stronger than the STC group, and the number of ICC and the expression of c-Kit were increased. Bisacodyl could reduce the severity of STC in rats by increasing the number of ICC and the expression of c-Kit.
Asunto(s)
Bisacodilo/uso terapéutico , Catárticos/uso terapéutico , Colon/metabolismo , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Células Intersticiales de Cajal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/metabolismo , Animales , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Estreñimiento/metabolismo , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , Femenino , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Inmunohistoquímica , Células Intersticiales de Cajal/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales de Cajal/patología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
This study investigated the effects of Brazilian green propolis hydroalcoholic extract (BPE) in 3% w/v dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The effects of BPE (3, 30 and 300 mg/kg, p.o, by 7 days) on the morphological (colon length and colon weight), clinical (disease activity index and weight loss), microscopic (histological score and mucin levels) and biochemical parameters were determined. The effects of BPE (300 mg/kg, p.o) in the gastrointestinal transit of mice were also evaluated. As expected, the DSS ingestion damaged the colonic tissue, lowered the body weight, decreased the mucin levels, increased MPO activity, reduced SOD activity and GSH amount. In contrast, the treatment with BPE (300 mg/kg) significantly reduced macroscopic colonic injury and the mucosal damage in colon on histopathological examination and reversed the decrease in mucin levels induced by DSS. It also significantly normalized the SOD activity and the levels of GSH, but did not elicit any effect on MPO activity in the colon. In addition, BPE did not change the gastric emptying or the intestinal transit rate of mice. Together, these results suggested that BPE reduced the signs of DSS-induced colitis in mice through maintenance of intestinal mucin barrier and favoring intestinal antioxidant defenses.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Própolis/uso terapéutico , Animales , Brasil , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/metabolismo , Colon/química , Colon/patología , Sulfato de Dextran , Femenino , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Mucinas/análisis , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The gastrointestinal tract is extremely sensitive to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Studies have reported that resveratrol (RSV) is able to combat damage caused by intestinal I/R. Because of its effectiveness in increasing the permanence and bioavailability of resveratrol in the intestinal epithelium, we investigated whether the effect of resveratrol-loaded in poly(anhydride) nanoparticles reduce oxidative stress and promote myenteric neuroprotection in the ileum of rats subjected to I/R. Physicochemical evaluations were performed on nanoparticles. The animals were divided into nine groups (nâ¯=â¯6/group) and treated every 48â¯h. Treatments with resveratrol (7â¯mg/kg of body weight) were applied 5â¯days before surgery and continued for 7â¯days after surgery (reperfusion period). The superior mesenteric artery was occluded to cause I/R injury. Oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase, nitrite, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, immunolabeling of myenteric neurons and glial cells, and gastrointestinal transit was evaluated. Both nanoparticle formulations presented negative charge with homogeneous distribution, and the payload, showed an encapsulation efficiency of 60%. Resveratrol administered in free form prevented alterations that were caused by I/R. The results of the groups treated with RSV-loaded nanoparticles presented similar results to the group treated with free resveratrol. Treatment with empty nanoparticles showed that poly(anhydride) is not an ideal nanocarrier for application in in vivo models of intestinal I/R injury, because of hepatotoxicity that may be caused by epithelial barrier dysfunction that triggers the translocation of nanoparticles.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Intestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Estilbenos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Portadores de Fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/patología , Enfermedades Intestinales/etiología , Enfermedades Intestinales/patología , Masculino , Nanopartículas , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , ResveratrolRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Several compounds characterized by an olefin linkage conjugated to a carbonyl group have anti-inflammatory properties. The diuretic ethacrynic acid (EA) is a compound of this type. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ethacrynic acid can modulate the development of ileus after bowel manipulation. METHODS: Groups (n=9) of male C57Bl/6 mice underwent surgical manipulation of the small intestine using a pair of cotton-tipped applicators (MAN). Control animals (CONT) did not undergo any surgical intervention or receive treatment. MAN mice were pre- and post-treated with four intraperitoneal doses of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), EA1 (1mg/kg per dose), or EA10 (10mg/kg per dose). Gastrointestinal transit of non-absorbable FITC-labeled dextran was assessed by gavaging the mice with the tracer 24h after operation and assessing FD70 concentration 120 min later in the bowel contents from the stomach, 10 equally long segments of small intestine, cecum, and two equally long segments of colon. The geometric center for the tracer was calculated for each animal. Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcripts in the ileal muscularis propria was assessed using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: In control animals, the mean (±SE) geometric center for the transit marker was 9.89±0.47, whereas it was 4.59±0.59 for PBS-treated animals (p<0.05 vs CONT). The geometric center for pre- post treatment with low (1mg/kg) and high (10mg/kg) doses of ethacrynic acid were 7.23±0.97 and 5.15±0.57, respectively. Compared to PBS, treatment with ethacrynic acid (1mg/kg) significantly decreased manipulation-induced IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expression in the wall of the small bowel. CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-treatment with ethacrynic acid ameliorates ileus and modulates inflammation in the gut wall induced by bowel manipulation.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Mediadores de Inflamación/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ileus/patología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Etacrínico/farmacología , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Ileus/cirugía , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intestino Delgado/patología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
The effect of bisacodyl on the treatment of rats with slow transit constipation (STC) was studied. Forty-five female Wister rats were divided into control group, STC group, and STC bisacodyl group. The immunohistochemical method was used to determine interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and the expression of c-Kit protein. Body mass and the number of defecations were significantly decreased in the STC group compared with the control group on the 100th day after diphenoxylate administration, while dry weight of feces was significantly increased and the intestinal transit time was prolonged. There were significant differences in the number of defecations, dry weight of feces, and intestinal transit time among the three groups. The number of defecations was higher, dry weight of feces was lower, and intestinal transit time was shorter in the STC bisacodyl group compared to the STC group. In addition, ICC basement membrane dissolution occurred in the colon wall of the STC group. The connection between ICC and surrounding cells was destroyed, and the nucleus shrunken to different degrees. Moreover, c-Kit expression in the STC group was significantly lower than the control group. The connection between ICC and surrounding cells in the STC bisacodyl group was significantly stronger than the STC group, and the number of ICC and the expression of c-Kit were increased. Bisacodyl could reduce the severity of STC in rats by increasing the number of ICC and the expression of c-Kit.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Bisacodilo/uso terapéutico , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Catárticos/uso terapéutico , Colon/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/metabolismo , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Intersticiales de Cajal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratas Wistar , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , Estreñimiento/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales de Cajal/metabolismo , Células Intersticiales de Cajal/patologíaRESUMEN
Our aim was to verify the effects of prednisone related to gastrointestinal motility, intestinal histology, and mucosal mast cells in rats. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control group (vehicle) animals receiving saline 0.9% (n = 7) or treated orally with 0.625 mg/kg/day of prednisone (n = 7) or 2.5 mg/kg/day of prednisone (n = 7) during 15 days. Mast cells and other histologic analyses were performed in order to correlate to gastric emptying, cecum arrival, and small intestine transit evaluated by Alternating Current Biosusceptometry. Results showed that prednisone in adult rats increased the frequency of gastric contractions, hastened gastric emptying, slowed small intestinal transit, and reduced mucosal mast cells. Histologically, the treatment with both doses of prednisone decreased villus height, whereas longitudinal and circular muscles and crypt depth were not affected. These findings indicate an impairment of intestinal absorption which may be linked to several GI dysfunctions and symptoms. The relationship between gastrointestinal motor disorders and cellular immunity needs to be clarified in experimental studies since prednisone is one of the most prescribed glucocorticoids worldwide.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tracto Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Animales , Vaciamiento Gástrico/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/patología , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Mucosa/efectos de los fármacos , Prednisona/efectos adversos , RatasRESUMEN
Stigmasterol is a common sterol found in plants, but the anti-nociceptive effect of this compound and its mechanism of action are not fully explored. Thus, in the present study, the anti-nociceptive effect of stigmasterol was investigated in acute and chronic models of pain and its mechanism of action. We used adult male albino Swiss mice (25-35 g) to observe the anti-nociceptive effect of stigmasterol in acetic-acid writhing test or in complete Freund's adjuvant injection, surgical incision in hind paw, or partial sciatic nerve ligation. Moreover, we investigate the involvement of opioid receptors (naloxone, 2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in stigmasterol anti-nociceptive effect and stigmasterol action on acetylcholinesterase activity. Some possible adverse effects caused by stigmasterol were also investigated. Stigmasterol (0.3-3 mg/kg, orally) exhibited an anti-nociceptive effect on acetic-acid-induced writhing test. Furthermore, it markedly attenuated the mechanical allodynia caused by surgical incision (after acute treatment with stigmasterol, preventive and curative effects were observed) and partial sciatic nerve ligation (after acute treatment with stigmasterol) and complete Freund's adjuvant (after acute or repeated treatment with stigmasterol). The anti-nociceptive effect of stigmasterol was not reversed by naloxone. Moreover, stigmasterol did not alter in vitro acetylcholinesterase activity in spinal cord or brain samples. Also, stigmasterol did not cause gastric ulcers or alter the gastrointestinal transit of mice. Taken together, these results support the potential anti-nociceptive effect of stigmasterol in different models of pain.