RESUMEN
A total of 120 pelleted poultry feed samples from Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, were evaluated. The aims were to investigate (1) the presence of relevant toxigenic fungi, as well as to determine the ability to produce aflatoxins (AFs) by Aspergillus section Flavi isolated strains; and (2) the natural co-occurrence of AFs, fumonisins (FBs), gliotoxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), HT-2 and T-2 toxin by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Total fungal counts were below the established value (1 × 104 CFU g⻹). Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were the only aflatoxigenic species isolated. Co-occurrence of fumonisin B1 (FB1), HT-2 and T-2 toxin was detected in 100% of the feeds, with mean levels from 4502 to 5813; 6.7 to 21.6 and 19.6 to 30.3 µg kg⻹, respectively. A large number of starter samples were co-contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), FB1, HT-2 and T-2 toxins. Gliotoxin and DAS were not found in this survey.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/microbiología , Aspergillus/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminación de Alimentos , Micotoxinas/análisis , Aflatoxinas/análisis , Aflatoxinas/biosíntesis , Aflatoxinas/química , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Argentina , Aspergillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Aspergillus flavus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aspergillus flavus/aislamiento & purificación , Aspergillus flavus/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Inspección de Alimentos , Fumonisinas/análisis , Fumonisinas/química , Fumonisinas/metabolismo , Isomerismo , Límite de Detección , Micotoxinas/biosíntesis , Micotoxinas/química , Aves de Corral , Análisis de Componente Principal , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Toxina T-2/análogos & derivados , Toxina T-2/análisis , Toxina T-2/biosíntesis , Toxina T-2/química , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
Fusarium oxysporum isolated from roots of and soil around Baccharis species from Brazil produced the trichothecenes T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and 3'-OH T-2 (TC-1), whereas Fusarium sporotrichioides from the same source produced T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, acetyl T-2, neosolaniol, TC-1, 3'-OH HT-2 (TC-3), iso-T-2, T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, and the nontrichothecenes moniliformin and fusarin C. Several unknown toxins were found but not identified. Not found were macrocyclic trichothecenes, zearalenone, wortmannin, and fusarochromanone (TDP-1).