RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the injuries of Olympic wrestlers during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games held in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this descriptive epidemiological study, injury report forms were used to collect and analyse injury data during the competitions. RESULTS: During 410 matches in the Rio Olympic Games, 21 injuries were recorded among 346 wrestlers (112=women), a rate of 5.1 injuries/100 bouts and 6.1 injuries/100 athletes. During 322 matches in the Tokyo Olympic Games, 28 injuries were recorded among 287 wrestlers (96=women), with 8.7 injuries/100 bouts and 9.8 injuries/100 athletes. However, these apparent differences in injury rates between Tokyo and Rio were not statistically significant (injuries/bout: p=0.057, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.02; injuries/athlete: p=0.087, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.08). Mild injuries comprised the greatest proportion of injuries in both Olympic Games. Severe injuries accounted for 0%, 16.7% and 36.4% of injuries in Greco-Roman, Freestyle and Women's wrestling, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most wrestling injuries in the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were mild skin injuries in the head and face regions due to direct body contact during standing positions in the 1/8-final round of wrestling competitions. No critical injury was observed during the recent Olympic Games. Attention should be drawn to preventing upper limb joint dislocations as common severe injuries in both Olympic Games. While not statistically significant, the Tokyo Games, after the COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed a higher injury occurrence than the Rio Games.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos en Atletas , COVID-19 , Lucha , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Lucha/lesiones , Traumatismos en Atletas/epidemiología , Tokio/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Brasil/epidemiología , PandemiasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute calculous cholecystitis (AC) is one of the most frequent surgical emergencies in our field. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the treatment of choice, although not sufficiently widespread. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of the Tokyo Guidelines in the management of AC and to determine the influence of the degree of severity on management and prognosis. METHOD: Prospective, observational study of patients with a primary diagnosis of AC between 2010 and 2015.. Exclusion criteria: AC recurrence; AC as a secondary diagnosis; acalculous cholecystitis; concurrent biliary pathology. Severity was classified according Tokyo 2013 Guidelines. RESULTS: 998 patients were included: 338 (33.9%) mild AC, 567 (56.8%) moderate AC, and 93 (9.3%) severe AC. A total of 582 (58.3%) patients were operated on. Postoperative complications Dindo-Clavien grade ≥ II 12.6%: mild AC 3.6%; moderate AC 12.2%; severe AC 49.0% (p < 0.001). Overall mortality 2%: mild AC 0%; moderate AC 0.5%; severe AC 18.0% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for mild and moderate AC. In patients with severe AC, the risks and benefits of surgery should be assessed, given the high degree of complications and associated mortality.
ANTECEDENTES: La colecistitis aguda litiásica (CA) es una de las urgencias quirúrgicas más frecuentes en nuestro medio. La colecistectomía laparoscópica se considera el tratamiento de elección, aunque sigue sin ser una realidad su práctica generalizada. OBJETIVO: Analizar la aplicación de las Guías de Tokio en el manejo de la CA y determinar la influencia de la gravedad en el manejo y el pronóstico. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, de pacientes con diagnóstico primario de CA entre 2010 y 2015. Criterios de exclusión: recidiva de CA, CA como diagnóstico secundario, CA alitiásica u otra patología biliar concomitante. Se ha clasificado la gravedad según las Guías de Tokio de 2013. RESULTADOS: Se incluyen 998 CA: 338 (33.9%) leves, 567 (56.8%) moderadas y 93 (9.3%) graves. Se operaron 582 pacientes (58.3%), y posteriormente 15 precisaron rescate. Complicaciones posoperatorias Dindo-Clavien ≥ 12,6%: CA leve 3,6%, CA moderada 12,2%, CA grave 49% (p < 0.001). Mortalidad global 2%: CA leve 0%, CA moderada 0.5%, CA grave 18% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIÓN: La colecistectomía laparoscópica sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección para la CA leve y moderada. En pacientes con CA grave debe valorarse el riesgo-beneficio de la cirugía, dadas las complicaciones y la mortalidad asociadas.
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Colecistectomía Laparoscópica , Colecistitis Aguda , Colecistitis Aguda/diagnóstico , Colecistitis Aguda/cirugía , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tokio/epidemiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Search and find methods*) such as cluster tracing1)-6) or large-scale PCR testing**) of those who exhibit no symptoms or only mild symptoms of COVID-19 is shown by data analysis to be a powerful means to suppress the spread of COVID-19 instead of, or in addition to, lockdown of the entire population. Here we investigate this issue by analyzing the data from some cities and countries and we establish that search and find method is as powerful as lockdown of a city or a country. Moreover, in contrast to lockdown, it neither causes inconvenience to citizens nor does it disrupt the economy. Generally speaking, it is advisable that both social distancing and increased test numbers be employed to suppress spread of the virus. The product of the total test number with the rate of positive cases is the crucial index.
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COVID-19/prevención & control , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/métodos , África/epidemiología , Infecciones Asintomáticas/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/transmisión , Prueba de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19/estadística & datos numéricos , China/epidemiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/estadística & datos numéricos , Punto Alto de Contagio de Enfermedades , Política de Salud , Humanos , Inmunidad Colectiva , Japón/epidemiología , Los Angeles/epidemiología , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Estadísticos , New York/epidemiología , Pandemias/prevención & control , Pandemias/estadística & datos numéricos , Distanciamiento Físico , Cuarentena , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Suecia/epidemiología , Tokio/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Selenium (Se) concentrations were determined in human serum, rice and wheat flour sampled in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and compared with those sampled in Tokyo. Japan. Serum levels of Se were significantly lower in Japanese Brazilians than Japanese living in Tokyo. The samples of rice consumed by Japanese Brazilians in São Paulo contained 22.7 ng Se/g on average, which was about half the selenium level in rice consumed in Tokyo. Rice commonly consumed in São Paulo might be one of the factors to lower the serum level of Se.
Asunto(s)
Oryza/química , Selenio/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Harina/análisis , Fluorometría , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Japón/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Selenio/análisis , Selenio/deficiencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Tokio/epidemiología , Triticum/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the temporal course of obesity development in Japanese school children by conducting a school-site cohort study over 12 years. METHODS: From 1981 to 1984, height and weight of 479 subjects (343 boys and 136 girls) were measured every year from entrance into primary school until graduation from high school in Tokyo. Obese children were defined as those with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the age-sex-specific standard value, derived from Japanese nationwide data. RESULTS: Approximately 50% of the children who were obese in the primary school period were obese at age 17. Likewise, 40% who were obese in the junior high school period and 70% who were obese in the high school period were obese at age 17. Among 44 children who were obese at age 17, 14 showed tracking of obesity from the preschool period, 14 showed tracking from ages 7 to 11 years, 10 showed tracking from the junior high school period, and 6 showed tracking from the high school period. CONCLUSIONS: Among children who were obese at age 17, most tracked from the primary school age or earlier. The earlier the tracking commenced, the greater the BMI at age 17. This indicates the importance of conducting health education for school children at an early age.
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Obesidad/epidemiología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Educación en Salud , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Factores Sexuales , Tokio/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
At the National Cancer Center of Tokyo Gastric Division, from 13/09/1993 to 12/11/93, 42 gastrectomies, 3 local resections and 1 exploratory laparotomy, for gastric cancer, were carried out. Resection R2 were carried out in 29/42 (69%), resection R2 plus dissection of the station 16 in 5/42 (12%), resection R3 plus dissection of the station 16 in 4/42 (9.5%) and distal pancreas preserving in 11/14 (78.6%) of the total gastrectomies. The most frequently type of reconstruction done after distal gastrectomy was Billroth 1 in 20/28 (71.4%) and the most frequent stage of the disease was la-b in 34/46 (74%). Postoperative severe complications were present in 5/42 (12%) and the most frequently histological type was tubular adenocarcinoma 27/46 (58.7%).