Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Espiramicina/efectos adversos , Tilosina/efectos adversos , Anciano , Reacciones Cruzadas , Femenino , Humanos , Macrólidos/efectos adversos , Macrólidos/inmunología , Pruebas del Parche , Espiramicina/inmunología , Tilosina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The cross-reactivity profile of polyclonal antibodies against a low molecular weight analyte is strongly influenced by design of the coating or enzyme-linked hapten. The hapten modification effect on immunoassay specificity was studied. Heterology in hapten type and linking method were applied. The influence of these factors on analyses of two groups of antibiotics, 16-membered macrolides and glycopeptides was studied. This approach was used to convert the selective ELISAs to tylosin and eremomycin for group determination of tylosin\tilmicosin, tylosin\spiramycin and eremomycin\vancomycin. It was shown that the analytical spectrum of the developed polyclonal antibody-based immunoassays could be expanded and depended mainly on the type of coating hapten but not on the linking method. Modification of the hapten type in coating conjugates applied in present study served as a mechanism for switching specificity of the ELISA between selective and group.
Asunto(s)
Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Glicopéptidos/sangre , Haptenos/inmunología , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Tilosina/sangre , Reacciones Cruzadas/inmunología , Glicopéptidos/inmunología , Haptenos/química , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Tilosina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Tylosin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic that is restricted to veterinary use. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by tylosin has been reported in the literature from the farming industry and veterinary medicine. It is also reported as the most common antibiotic to cause ACD in the previously mentioned occupational settings. We present 2 cases of airborne ACD from tylosin among veterinary pharmaceutical compounding technicians. To our knowledge, only one other case of patch test-confirmed tylosin ACD has been reported in the manufacturing setting. Based on our results, cross-sensitization to other clinically relevant macrolides does not appear to be a concern. Our cases highlight the importance of patch testing among pharmaceutical compounders where the incidence of an airborne contact may be greater, given that the exposure is to the powdered form of potential allergens.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Ocupacionales del Aire/efectos adversos , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Tilosina/efectos adversos , Adulto , Antibacterianos/inmunología , Reacciones Cruzadas , Composición de Medicamentos , Dermatosis Facial/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Humanos , Macrólidos/efectos adversos , Macrólidos/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas del Parche , Farmacias , Tilosina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were developed that specifically bind tilmicosin. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates were used for the immunogen and plate coating antigen, respectively. The conjugates were synthesized by different methods, resulting in different linkages. Six hybridoma cell lines were isolated that produced Mabs that competed with tilmicosin, and have IgG1 isotype. The Til-1 and Til-5 Mabs had IC50 values for tilmicosin of 9.6 and 6.4 ng/well (48 and 32 ng/mL), respectively, and limits of detection at IC20 of 1.84 and 0.89 ng/well (9.2 and 4.45 ng/mL), respectively. The Mabs demonstrated high cross-reactivity to the macrolides containing 3,5-dimethylpiperidine at C20 and the amino sugar at C5. No cross-reactivity was observed for tylosin and other macrolides that did not contain 3,5-dimethylpiperidine. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the antibiotic tilmicosin by use of the developed Mabs. These Mabs may be excellent candidates for the determination and immunolocalization of tilmicosin.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/biosíntesis , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Macrólidos/inmunología , Tilosina/análogos & derivados , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Unión Competitiva , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Hibridomas/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Tilosina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
We studied the capacity of colloidal gold for enhancing specific and nonspecific immune response in laboratory animals (rabbits, rats, and mice) immunized with antigens of various nature. The antibody titers obtained with colloidal gold as a carrier were higher as compared to the standard immunization techniques (free antigen or Freund's adjuvant). Application of colloidal gold increased nonspecific immune responses as well: lysozyme concentration in the blood, activity of the complement system proteins, as well as phagocytic and bactericidal activities. The obtained antibodies were tested by immunodot assay using gold markers. Immunization of the animals with colloidal gold conjugates with haptens as well as complete antigens was shown to induce formation of highly active antibodies without using other antigens such as complete Freund's adjuvant. In addition, antigen quantities for animal immunization with colloidal gold was by one order of magnitude lower as compared to the complete Freund's adjuvant immunization. This fact can point to direct adjuvant activity of colloidal gold.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos/inmunología , Antígenos/inmunología , Oro Coloide/inmunología , Inmunización/métodos , Tilosina/análogos & derivados , Actinas/inmunología , Animales , Bacteriorodopsinas/inmunología , Cloranfenicol/inmunología , Adyuvante de Freund/inmunología , Gentamicinas/inmunología , Haptenos/inmunología , Ivermectina/inmunología , Macrólidos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/inmunología , Conejos , Ratas , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/inmunología , Tilosina/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Fluoroquinolonas , Macrólidos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Tilosina/análogos & derivados , Animales , Antibacterianos/inmunología , Antiinfecciosos/inmunología , Bovinos , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Hematócrito , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/fisiología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus , Tilosina/inmunología , Tilosina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The authors investigated the antibody response to erythromycin and tylosine in experiments and in a clinical investigation. The results proved in 90-100% a crossed immunological reactivity of the two macrolid antimicrobial preparations. In view of the wide use of tylosine in veterinary practice and its presence in residues of slaughter animals as well as in serological tests, it is very probable that this preparation participates in a major way in the increased incidence of allergic reactions against erythromycin in humans. Clinical results confirmed this assumption.