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BACKGROUND: Throughout the world, schools have become an important place for professional integration for occupational therapists. OBJECTIVE: To map the production of knowledge on research related to the keywords "occupational therapy" and "school." METHOD: A mapping review was performed, searching the terms "occupational therapy" and "school" in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The data were used to construct a descriptive map of the production of knowledge about occupational therapy and school. The following data were categorized and extracted: years of publication, journals of publication, authors' and coauthors' countries, descriptors, informant population, beneficiary population, place of research, and occupational therapy propositions. RESULTS: It included 127 research articles covering from 1988 to 2017. This has been a scientific field under construction for at least 30 years, largely centralized in the United States of America, mostly dedicated to children, and focused on disabilities, with an emphasis on rehabilitation through descriptions and analyses of interventions for individuals or, when it was for groups, with the final goal of benefitting individuals with disabilities. Implications. Examining the existing scientific production invites us to reflect on whether the dominant focus in this field has responded to the contemporary problems of schools.

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BACKGROUND: Interprofessional education of healthcare providers is necessary to foster collaborative practice and improve patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of the single-session interprofessional education in improving interprofessional attitudes, increasing knowledge of healthcare professions, and improving perceived-readiness for working interprofessionally and with older adults in students in occupational therapy, physical therapy, and physician assistant graduate programs. METHODS: We used a prospective, pre-post cohort design. Fall risk evaluation for older adults was selected as the topic of the 4-hour interprofessional education session. Graduate students from three professional programs including occupational therapy (n=20), physical therapy (n=26), and physician assistant studies (n=35) participated in the study, and 17 older adults aged 65 years or older volunteered for the session. Our primary outcome measure was the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale measuring interprofessional attitudes, and our secondary outcome measure was the study-specific questionnaire measuring the direct effect of our interprofessional education session. RESULTS: Graduate students showed significant improvements in the subscale of teamwork, roles, and responsibilities in the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale. Students also showed significant improvements in "understanding of other professions," "perceived-readiness to work interprofessionally," and "perceived-readiness to work with older adults" in the study-specific questionnaire. Ceiling effects were observed in most of the subscales in the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a single 4-hour interprofessional education session can improve interprofessional attitudes, knowledge of other professions, and perceived-readiness of health science graduate students to work interprofessionally and to work with older adults.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize professional experiences in occupational therapy in different regions of Colombia regarding the overcoming of the armed conflict. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study in which the digital version of the Survey on professional experiences in the Colombian armed conflict was applied using Type-form. 34 occupational therapists responded the survey. The sample filled the corresponding informed consent to participate in the study. RESULTS: The overall balance shows that experiences are mostly concentrated in the Andean region and cover 18 departments of the country, while a representative percentage are observed in works with indigenous communities. Intervention has targeted mainly adults and victims and people with disabilities, although greatest emphasis is on communities. Therapists are involved mainly as executors and university professors. Finally, there is concern about the presence of illegal armed actors and the reality of an overwhelming problem. Achievements include the impact of the intervention and the capitalized professional and personal learning. CONCLUSIONS: A territorial approach requires greater presence in the regions and cultural sensitivity. Strengthening the work carried out with the population that was linked to illegal armed groups through occupational resignification processes allow to make progress in the expected economic and social reincorporation.

OBJETIVOS: Identificar y caracterizar las experiencias profesionales de terapia ocupacional en las regiones de Colombia, relacionadas con la superación del conflicto armado. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con la aplicación de una encuesta sobre experiencias profesionales en el conflicto armado colombiano, versión digital, en el aplicativo Typeform, respondida por 34 terapeutas ocupacionales. La muestra diligenció el respectivo consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio. RESULTADOS: El balance general de las experiencias reportadas se concentran en la región andina; cubren 18 departamentos del país; un porcentaje representativo se desarrolla con comunidades indígenas; la intervención se ha dirigido especialmente a adultos y a la atención de víctimas y personas con discapacidad; el mayor énfasis ha sido comunitario; el terapeuta se ha vinculado principalmente como ejecutor y docente universitario; preocupan los problemas de presencia de actores armados ilegales y la realidad de una problemática desbordante; y como logros se resaltan el impacto de la intervención y los aprendizajes profesionales y personales capitalizados. CONCLUSIONES: El enfoque territorial demanda mayor presencia en las regiones y sensibilidad cultural. Fortalecer el trabajo con la población que estuvo vinculada a los grupos armados ilegales, con procesos de resignificación ocupacional que permitan avanzar en la reincorporación económica y social esperada.

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A tese teve por objetivo identificar, caracterizar e analisar a produção científica, brasileira e internacional, da atuação dos terapeutas ocupacionais no cuidado a idosos com demência de Alzheimer e seus cuidadores/familiares, bem como apresentar a organização do corpo de conhecimento das ações em um mapa conceitual. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório-descritivo de caráter bibliográfico, no período de 10 anos (2006 a 2015), nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Optou-se como fontes de informação Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO®, LILACS, SciELO, OTseeker e PEDro. Foram identificados 2047 registros e selecionados para síntese 79 artigos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão: publicações científicas relacionadas a doenças de Alzheimer em idosos e que tenham participação de terapeuta ocupacional na autoria ou que falem sobre terapia ocupacional na doença de Alzheimer, sem restringir quanto à fase da doença e dentro do recorte temporal e idiomas pré-selecionados. Para a elaboração do processo de Terapia Ocupacional e do mapa conceitual foi utilizada a organização terminológica da "Estrutura da Prática da Terapia Ocupacional: domínio e processo", 3ª edição da Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional. O mapa conceitual foi elaborado de forma a organizar o corpo de conhecimentos das ações da Terapia Ocupacional na assistência ao idoso com a demência do tipo Alzheimer e seus cuidadores. O panorama apresentou uma disparidade entre a produção científica internacional e nacional, em termos de volume e qualidade dos estudos. No processo avaliativo, observa-se uma abordagem centrada na díade idoso-cuidador, com preocupações direcionadas à consciência da doença, qualidade de vida, acesso aos recursos disponíveis na comunidade e análise de desempenho em atividades complexas do cotidiano. No processo interventivo, há evidências disponíveis que atestam o efeito das intervenções na melhoria da capacidade funcional do idoso, pelas ações que utilizam as ocupações como recurso de tratamento, a estimulação cognitiva, a modificação ambiental (física e social) e/ou o programa educacional para cuidadores. O estudo ainda mostra a importância de se compreender o impacto social na vida das pessoas com Alzheimer e seus familiares e as necessárias mudanças na dinâmica da família para atender às necessidades desses sujeitos. Considera-se que as publicações científicas constituem os recursos legítimos para evidenciar os valores de uma profissão e para a elaboração de políticas públicas que irão organizar a oferta de seus serviços para a população. Neste estudo, pela escassez de publicações brasileiras e pela democratização das informações no mundo globalizado, há uma condução para o uso do saber produzido internacionalmente. Sendo assim, os terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros enfrentam como desafio a necessidade de realizar publicações das intervenções com maior rigor metodológico para justificar a eficácia de suas ações e sua inserção na prática profissional compartilhada, nos diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde do idoso

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The aim of this study was to explore the occupational changes and perceptions experienced by Mexican Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and their families living with dialysis. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 Mexican Americans with ESRD and 17 family members. The participants with ESRD described altered or lost activity patterns, capacities and freedoms. With a heightened awareness of death, the family members made altered occupational choices, which were consistent with their cultural values. Changes in the physical body, adhering to the dialysis regimen and environmental restrictions created barriers to occupational participation. These findings suggest that living with dialysis facilitate occupational deprivation among individuals with ESRD and adaption among the family members within cultural alignments. This phenomenon could affect the design of occupational therapy intervention and call for research on the role of occupation therapy services with this population.

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Introducción: El rol de Terapia Ocupacional (T.O.) como lo llevamos a cabo en nuestros hospitales generales de agudos de la CABA(Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina), sea por falta de recursos humanos, características institucionales, o causas socioeconómicas, posee características particulares; es por ello que las intervenciones tienen un perfil diferente a los que encontramos en las publicaciones disponibles (Affleck, A., Lieberman, J.P. & Rohrkeper, K., 1986; Bondac, S., Hermann, V., Frost, L., Lashgari, D., Finnen, L. & Alexander, H., 2009; Eyres, L. & Unsworth, C., 2005; Giesbrecht, B., 2006; Raush, G. & Melvin, J., 1986). Objetivos: a) Estimar la distribución de frecuencias y cantidad de intervenciones de T.O. b) Determinar si el promedio de edad y la presencia de cuidador son diferentes según el tipo de intervenciones de Terapia Ocupacional. Material y Método: Se incluyeron 141 registros de pacientes adultos internados en un Hospital de Agudos que hayan recibido al menos 1 intervención (junio 2008-junio 2009). Estudio cuantitativo, analítico (comparativo a muestras independientes), prospectivo, longitudinal y observacional de cohorte (no experimental). Resultados: las intervenciones más prevalentes son la realización de interconsultas para pedir información; el uso de las actividades de la vida diaria; educación en desacondicionamiento; posicionamiento; sugerencia o realización de adaptaciones ambientales, férulas entre otras. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre la edad y uso de actividades de la vida diaria, educación en uso adecuado de la mecánica corporal, posicionamiento, estimulación del alerta, educación en conservación de energía y protección articular, entre otras. Así mismo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la presencia de cuidador y educación en desacondicionamiento por un lado y consultoría en organización de cuidados por el otro. Conclusiones: el trabajo muestra de acuerdo a la realidad institucional y estadio...

Introduction: The role of the Occupational Therapy (OT) in our acute care hospitals in Argentina has peculiar features, whether due to: lack of human resources, institutional characteristics or socioeconomic causes. Therefore the interventions have a different profile to those found in the available literature.(Affleck, A. , Lieberman, J.P. & Rohrkeper, K., 1986; Bondac, S. , Hermann, V. , Frost, L., Lashgari, D. , Finnen, L. & Alexander, H. , 2009; Eyres, L. & Unsworth, C. , 2005; Giesbrecht, B. , 2006; Raush, G. & Melvin, J. , 1986). Objetives: a) To estimate the frequency distribution and the number of OT interventions. b) To determine if the average age and the presence of a caregiver differ depending on the type of OT interventions. Material and Methods: 141 records of adult inpatients from the Acute Care Hospital who had at least one intervention were included. Comparative study to independent samples, prospective observational and longitudinal (june 2008-june 2009). Results: The most prevalent are interconsultations for information, use of daily life activities, education on deconditioning, positioning, suggestion or conducting for environmental adaptations, splints, among others. Major differences were observed between the age and the use of daily life activities, education on the proper use of body mechanics, positioning, stimulation of the awareness, training for energy conservation and joint protection, along with others. Also, significant differences were found between the presence of a caregiver and education on deconditioning and consultancy on care management. Conclusions: The study shows the most prevalent interventions in an acute care hospital, taking into account the institutional situation and the state of patients. Significant relationship between inpatients’ age and the different interventions such as use of daily life activities, education on the proper use of body, positioning, stimulation of the awareness was found.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en conocer el proceso de tratamiento de terapia ocupacional en las áreas de consultorios externos de reumatología e internación de Clínica Médica y Unidad de terapia intermedia del Hospital Tornú. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y comparativo, observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, cuantitativo; instrumento: fichas de registro de evaluación y evolución internas de la Residencia. Resultados: la intervención más prevalente fue: uso terapéutico de las actividades y ocupaciones con un 41,04 por ciento en internación y 47 por ciento en reumatología. Entre estos se destacan las métodos preparatorios con un 56,33 por ciento en internación y un 84,7 por ciento en reumatología. Se observó diferencia significativa en la interconsulta con 28.32 por ciento en internación y 5 por ciento en reumatología. Por último, el motivo de alta más frecuente en internación fue alta médica con el 56 por ciento (n:43), seguido de cumplimiento de objetivos con el 16, 4 por ciento (n: 10), y el menos frecuente fue negativa con el 1,6 por ciento (n: 1). En reumatología solo se registraron dos motivos abandono de tratamiento con el 65 por ciento (n: 43) y cumplimiento de objetivos con el 34 por ciento (n: 22). Conclusiones: la intervención que más prevaleció en ambas áreas se debe al gran porcentaje de métodos preparatorios, siendo mayor en reumatología dado que éstos se vinculan con el alivio sintomático. La interconsulta no se realizó con la frecuencia necesaria que requiere la complejidad del paciente agudo, por lo que consideramos relevante plantear estrategias de comunicación con el equipo.

The aim of this study is to know the process of occupational therapy treatment given to rheumatology outpatient, and Clinical and Medical Intensive Care Unit inpatient of Tornú Hospital. Methodology: descriptive, comparative, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and quantitative instrument; Residence registration evaluation forms and internal evolution. Results: the most prevalent intervention was the therapeutic use of occupations and activities with 41.04 percent in inpatient and 47 percent in outpatients (rheumatology). Among these the preparatory methods are highlighted in both areas with a 56.33 percent in inpatients and 84.7 percent in outpatients (rheumatology). A significant difference was found in interconsultation with a 28.32 percent in inpatients and 5 percent in outpatients (rheumatology). Lastly, the most frequent reason for discharge from occupational therapy treatment in inpatients was clinical discharge with 56 percent (n = 43), followed by goal achievement 4 percent (n = 10), and the least frequent was denial to receive treatment 1, 6 percent (n = 1). Only two reasons were identified in rheumatology: non-compliance with treatment 65 percent (n = 43) and goal achievement with 34 percent (n = 22). Conclusions: the most prevalent intervention in both areas is due to the large percentage of preparatory methods used, being higher in rheumatology since these are associated with symptomatic relief. The interconsultation was not performed with the frequency required by the acute patient´s complexity. According to these results we consider relevant to develop new communication strategies with the team.

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The objective was to conduct a retrospective and comparative study of the requests for consultation-liaison (RCLs), during a period of six years, sent to the Occupational Therapy (OT) team that acts as the Consultation-liaison Service in Mental Health. During the studied period 709 RCLs were made and 633 patients received OT consultations. The comparison group was extended to 1 129 consecutive referrals to the psychiatric CL service, within the same period and that were also retrospectively reviewed. Regarding to RCLs to the OT team, most of the subjects were women with incomplete elementary schooling, with a mean age of 39.2 years, and were self-employed or retired. Internal Medicine was responsible for most of the RCLs. The mean length of hospitalization was 51 days and the mean rate of referral was 0.5%, with the most frequent reason for the request being related to the emotional aspects and the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis was mood disorder. It is concluded that there is a clear demand for the development of consultation-liaison in OT, particularly with regard to the promotion of mental health in general hospitals.

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Este estudo enfoca uma discussão a partir da opinião de um grupo de profissionais docentes na área de terapia ocupacional acerca de sua contribuição na educação especial. Foram entrevistadas seis terapeutas ocupacionais com as seguintes características: em média 14 anos de experiência na área da educação especial, tendo feito ou estando cursando pós-graduação stricto sensu (mestrado ou doutorado) e atuação na docência em Instituições de Ensino Superior. Às participantes foi entregue um questionário com cinco questões abertas, contendo os temas: o papel do terapeuta ocupacional na educação especial; áreas de atuação profissional; caracterização da atuação na educação especial; dificuldades e facilidades de inserção no campo da educação especial. Os resultados mostram que a terapia ocupacional pode ir além da atuação clinica, encontrando também na sua área de atuação a docência, pesquisa, gestão de serviços, adaptação de material e espaço físico, assessoria e supervisão.(AU)

This study focuses on a discussion from the opinions of a group of teaching professionals in the area of occupational therapy concerning its contribution for special education. Six occupational therapists with the following characteristics were interviewed: average of 14 years of experience in the area, postgraduate courses (doctoral and/or masters degree) completed or in course, experience as university professor, and professional experience in the area of special education. The participants received a questionnaire with five open questions containing the following topics: the occupational therapists’ role in special education; areas of professional performance; characterization of the experience in the special education; difficulties and facilities of insertion in the field of special education. The results show that occupational therapy as a professional field can go beyond clinical performance, including teaching, research, services management, material adaptation and physical space adaptation, assessorship and supervision.(AU)

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The authors propose a new data sheet for occupational therapy treatment based on a classification of the operative areas and the use of graphic symbols related to the patient's degree of autonomy and to the possible utilization of aids. The use of graphic symbols is aimed at making the selection of operative areas as well as the occupational therapy treatment programme easier and swifter. The degree of required aid is described by a letter code, particularly for those needed in A.D.L. The easy reading of sheet and work plan should be of valuable help both in patients treatment and in the statistical evaluation.

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