RESUMEN
Proliferative tenosynovitis (PT) is an inflammatory and proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane of the tendon sheath that is rare in animals. The histological alterations are characterized by multinodular neovascularization, with infiltration of histiocytic and multinucleated giant cells and haemosiderin deposition. We reviewed necropsy and biopsy records of horses submitted to the Setor de Anatomia Patológica of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro from January 2017 to December 2020 to select cases of PT. We identified PT in three adult Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador horses with nodular lesions on the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal or carpal joints. The three horses were under 6 years of age and presented with lameness and pain on palpation. There were recurrences in two horses after surgical removal. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations detected masses in the flexor or extensor tendons and subtendinous bursa. Histological study of synovial membrane and tendon sheath revealed an increased number of vessels, fibroplasia, osseous metaplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and siderophages. This is the first description of PT in horses, which should be included as an orthopaedic differential diagnosis, especially in Mangalarga Marchador horses with lameness.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Caballos , Tenosinovitis , Caballos , Animales , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/diagnóstico , Tenosinovitis/patología , Cojera Animal/patología , Cojera Animal/cirugía , Brasil , Tendones , Enfermedades de los Caballos/patologíaRESUMEN
1. The objective of this study was to characterise circulating Brazilian avian reovirus (ARV) strains by genetic analysis of the σC protein encoded by segment 1 of the viral genome and compare these with those of viral strains used for immunising commercial poultry.2. The analysis detected the presence of ARV genomes by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) in the enteric samples and the joint tissues (JT) of birds with signs of viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. Nucleotide sequencing used 16 strains (three commercial vaccines, 10 from enteric tissues and three from JT). The results indicated high variability in the amino acid sequences of 13 wild strains, showing between 40% and 75% similarity compared with the vaccine strains (S1133 and 2177).3. The sequences were grouped into three well-defined clusters in a phylogenetic tree, two of these clusters together with previous Brazilian σC ARV sequences, and one cluster (VII) that was novel for Brazilian strains. Antigenic analysis showed that there were amino acids within putative epitopes located on the surface of the receptor-binding region of the σC protein with a high degree of variability.4. The study confirmed the presence of ARV genetic variants circulating in commercial birds in Brazil, and according to the antigenic prediction, the possibility of antigenic variants appears to be high.
Asunto(s)
Artritis , Orthoreovirus Aviar , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Tenosinovitis , Animales , Artritis/veterinaria , Brasil/epidemiología , Pollos , Orthoreovirus Aviar/genética , Filogenia , Aves de Corral , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Tenosinovitis/veterinariaRESUMEN
A 12-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with lameness, pain, and an enlarged, non-ulcerated, nodular mass in the region proximal to the tarsal joint of the right pelvic limb. Surgical excision was performed, revealing a 6.5 cm mass adherent to the deep flexor tendon and adjacent tissues. The cut section had cysts filled with blackened clotted material, which exuded reddish serous fluid. Microscopically, the cysts were filled with red blood cells and were either denuded or covered by synoviocytes. In addition, the mass was characterized by marked fibrovascular connective tissue associated with siderophages and multinucleated giant cells. These findings were consistent with those of pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis, a rare condition affecting several animal species and humans.(AU)
Uma cadela de 12 anos, sem raça definida, apresentou claudicação, algia e aumento de volume não ulcerado, de aspecto nodular, na região proximal à articulação do tarso do membro pélvico direito. A excisão cirúrgica foi optada e revelou uma massa de 6,5 cm de diâmetro, aderida ao tendão flexor profundo e aos tecidos adjacentes. Ao corte, exsudava líquido seroso avermelhado e cistos preenchidos por material coagulado enegrecido foram observados. Microscopicamente, a massa apresentava formações císticas frequentemente preenchidas por hemácias, que encontravam-se ora revestidas por sinoviócitos, ora desnudas. Havia ainda acentuada quantidade de tecido fibrovascular associado a siderófagos e células gigantes multinucleadas. Esses achados foram consistentes com tenossinovite vilonodular pigmentada, uma rara condição que afeta diversas espécies de animais e humanos.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Tendones , Pelvis , Tenosinovitis/cirugía , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/veterinariaRESUMEN
A 12-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with lameness, pain, and an enlarged, non-ulcerated, nodular mass in the region proximal to the tarsal joint of the right pelvic limb. Surgical excision was performed, revealing a 6.5 cm mass adherent to the deep flexor tendon and adjacent tissues. The cut section had cysts filled with blackened clotted material, which exuded reddish serous fluid. Microscopically, the cysts were filled with red blood cells and were either denuded or covered by synoviocytes. In addition, the mass was characterized by marked fibrovascular connective tissue associated with siderophages and multinucleated giant cells. These findings were consistent with those of pigmented villonodular tenosynovitis, a rare condition affecting several animal species and humans.
Uma cadela de 12 anos, sem raça definida, apresentou claudicação, algia e aumento de volume não ulcerado, de aspecto nodular, na região proximal à articulação do tarso do membro pélvico direito. A excisão cirúrgica foi optada e revelou uma massa de 6,5 cm de diâmetro, aderida ao tendão flexor profundo e aos tecidos adjacentes. Ao corte, exsudava líquido seroso avermelhado e cistos preenchidos por material coagulado enegrecido foram observados. Microscopicamente, a massa apresentava formações císticas frequentemente preenchidas por hemácias, que encontravam-se ora revestidas por sinoviócitos, ora desnudas. Havia ainda acentuada quantidade de tecido fibrovascular associado a siderófagos e células gigantes multinucleadas. Esses achados foram consistentes com tenossinovite vilonodular pigmentada, uma rara condição que afeta diversas espécies de animais e humanos.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/veterinaria , Pelvis , Tendones , Tenosinovitis/cirugía , Tenosinovitis/veterinariaRESUMEN
Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reportsin the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential forthe diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images,especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seenat the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five vaquejada competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were awayfrom the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of theanimals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis,and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septictenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bonealteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease inthe radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees ofthe involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Caballos/lesiones , Traumatismos de los Tendones/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Tendones/veterinaria , Tendones , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Tendinopatía/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
Avian reovirus (ARV) is one of the main causes of infectious arthritis/tenosynovitis and malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in poultry. ARVs have been disseminated in Brazilian poultry flocks in the last years. This study aimed to genotype ARVs and to evaluate the molecular evolution of the more frequent ARV lineages detected in Brazilian poultry-producing farms. A total of 100 poultry flocks with clinical signs of tenosynovitis/MAS, from all Brazilian poultry-producing regions were positive for ARV by PCR. Seventeen bird tissues were submitted to cell culture and ARV RNA detection/genotyping by two PCRs. The phylogenetic classification was based on σC gene alignment using a dataset with other Brazilian and worldwide ARVs sequences. ARVs were specifically detected by both PCRs from the 17 cell cultures, and σC gene partial fragments were sequenced. All these sequences were aligned with a total of 451 ARV σC gene data available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated five well-defined clusters that were classified into lineages I, II, III, IV, and V. Three lineages could be further divided into sub-lineages: I (I vaccine, Ia, Ib), II (IIa, IIb, IIc) and IV (IVa and IVb). Brazilian ARVs were from four lineages/sub-lineages: Ib (48.2%), IIb (22.2%), III (3.7%) and V (25.9%). The Bayesian analysis demonstrated that the most frequent sub-lineage Ib emerged in the world around 1968 and it was introduced into Brazil in 2010, with increasing spread soon after. In conclusion, four different ARV lineages are circulating in Brazilian poultry flocks, all associated with clinical diseases. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS One-hundred ARV-positive flocks were detected in all main poultry-producing regions from Brazil. A large dataset of 468 S1 sequences was constructed and divided ARVs into five lineages. Four lineages/sub-lineages (Ib, IIb, III and V) were detected in commercial poultry flocks from Brazil. Brazilian lineages shared a low identity with the commercial vaccine lineage (I vaccine). Sub-lineage Ib emerged around 1968 and was introduced into Brazil in 2010.
Asunto(s)
Orthoreovirus Aviar/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Animales , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil/epidemiología , Evolución Molecular , Genotipo , Orthoreovirus Aviar/clasificación , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Aves de Corral/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Tenosinovitis/epidemiología , Tenosinovitis/virologíaRESUMEN
Background: Soft tissue injuries are common in sport horses, especially those involving tendons, with few current reportsin the literature on the diagnosis of extensor injuries, especially with regard to ultrasound characteristics, being essential forthe diagnosis of these injuries. The objective of the study is to characterize the clinical signs and the alterations of images,especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis of these lesions of the dorsal radiocarpal region, through case reports of horses seenat the Medical Clinic of Large Animals of the Federal University of Campina Grande (MCLA/UFCG), Patos, PB, Brazil.Cases: The study includes five vaquejada competitions horses, of which two were active and the others were awayfrom the sport before the onset of the problem, with injuries to the extensor tendons in the radiocarpal region. Two of theanimals had involvement of the common digital extensor muscle tendon (CDEMT), with acute and chronic tenosynovitis,and three with involvement of the extensor carpi radialis muscle tendon (ECRMT), presenting acute tendonitis, septictenosynovitis and rupture, all of traumatic etiology, except for one whose cause has not been determined. On physical examination, the affected tendon was noticeable in three cases, and two had other injuries associated with the tendons. Bonealteration in the radiographic examination was observed in two cases, however, one of them related to another disease inthe radiocarpal palmar region. Ultrasound images, performed in all cases, showed different characteristics and degrees ofthe involvement of the tendon and its sheath.Discussion: The scarcity of current reports of extensor tendon injuries in horses can...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Caballos/lesiones , Tendones , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Traumatismos de los Tendones/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de los Tendones/veterinaria , Tendinopatía/veterinaria , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
Infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broiler and breeder chickens results in major loss of productivity because of reduced growth and downgrading at processing plants. The most common causative agents of avian infectious arthritis are the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus). In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of these two pathogens in arthritis or tenosynovitis lesions of broilers and breeder flocks in southern Brazil using molecular detection. Tissue sections from tibiotarsal joints with visible lesions from 719 broilers and 505 breeders were analysed using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In breeders, 41.2% (n = 296) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 26.4% (n = 190) were positive for ARV, while co-infection was present in 12.2% (n = 88) of the samples. In broilers, 20.8% (n = 105) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 11.9% (n = 60) for ARV and 7.7% (n = 39) of these cases were positive for both pathogens. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions with varying degrees of gross pathological severity. Histopathological examination showed intense, diffuse lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates with heterophil accumulation, primarily in the synovial capsule and digital flexor tendon, in all samples. Improved strategies for early detection and control of these major avian pathogens are highly desirable for preventing the spread of infection and reducing economic losses in the poultry industry.
Asunto(s)
Artritis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Infecciones por Reoviridae/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Animales , Artritis/epidemiología , Artritis/microbiología , Artritis/patología , Autopsia/veterinaria , Brasil , Pollos , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Infecciones por Mycoplasma/patología , Mycoplasma synoviae/aislamiento & purificación , Orthoreovirus Aviar/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Infecciones por Reoviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Reoviridae/patología , Tenosinovitis/epidemiología , Tenosinovitis/microbiología , Tenosinovitis/patologíaRESUMEN
Avian reoviruses (ARVs) can infect a variety of species worldwide. Birds can present stunting syndrome, respiratory and/or enteric diseases, immunosuppression, malabsorption, viral arthritis/tenosynovitis, and even secondary infections by other microorganisms. Flaws in conventional vaccines and the increase in the diagnostic rate of disease in the last 5 yr suggest the emergence of pathogenic ARVs in the poultry flocks worldwide. This study aimed to characterize birds lesions and to detect/genotype ARVs from a severe outbreak of tenosynovitis in broiler poultry flocks from Brazil. Tissue samples of lesions on pelvic limbs of broiler chicken were collected in poultry flocks with a high condemnation rate of carcasses due to lesions and submitted to histological and molecular analysis. Major gross pathological lesions included marked swelling, edema, and hemorrhages. Serous exudate was present between the tendons and hock joint. Histological examination demonstrated necrosis and inflammation of muscle fibers, mixed inflammatory infiltrate was observed in subcutaneous tissue and tendon sheaths. ARVs RNA was detected in 5 samples tested by polymerase chain reaction. These samples were also genotyped and demonstrated the occurrence of strains of the ARVs lineages II and V in the flocks. These results suggest that theses field ARVs, genetically distant from previously characterized strains, are associated to tenosynovitis and present in commercial Brazilian poultry flocks.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Orthoreovirus Aviar/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil , Orthoreovirus Aviar/genética , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/patología , Tenosinovitis/virologíaRESUMEN
Relata-se um caso de tenossinovite infecciosa no tendão extensor carpo radial por dermatobiose (Dermatobia hominis) em um potro da raça Quarto de Milha. A queixa principal era aumento de volume na região dorsal da articulação do carpo no membro anterior esquerdo, com dor e calor. Realizada avaliação e tratamento clínico instituído pelo médico veterinário, não houve melhora no quadro. Com base no histórico e sinais clínicos juntamente com o exame complementar ultrassonográfico foi diagnosticada a afecção tenossinovite infecciosa, assim optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico. Após quarenta e cinco dias do ato cirúrgico não evidenciou processo inflamatório na região tendínea manipulada cirurgicamente.
We report a case of infectious tenosynovitis in extensor tendon carpi radial by dermatobiosis (Dermotobia hominis) in a foal Quarter Mile race. The main complaint was swelling in the dorsal region ofthe carpal joint on the left fore limb, with pain and heat. Held assessment and clinical treatment by the veterinarian, there was no improvement in picture. Based on the history and clinical signs along with the complementary sonographic examination was diagnosed infectious tenosynovitis condition, so we optedfor surgical treatment. After forty-fifth day of surgery showed no inflammation in the tendon area surgically manipulated.
Presentamos un caso de tenosinovitis infecciosa en el tendón extensor dei carpo radial pordermatobiosis (Dermatobia hominis) en una carrera potro Cuarto de Milla. La queja principal fue Ia hinchazónen Ia región dorsal dei carpo en Ia extremidad anterior izquierda, con dolor y calor. La evaluación y eltratamiento clínico en manos de un veterinario, no hubo mejoría en Ia imagen. Sobre Ia base de Ia historiay los signos clínicos junto con el examen de ultrasonido adicional fue diagnosticado tenosinovitis infecciosa, así que optamos por el tratamiento quirúrgico. Después de cuarenta y cinco días de Ia cirugía no mostró inflamación en el área dei tendón manipulado quirúrgicamente.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Caballos/fisiología , Caballos/lesiones , Hipodermosis/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/terapia , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Cirugía Veterinaria , Ultrasonografía/veterinariaRESUMEN
CASE REPORT: An 18-month-old Charolais steer was presented with lameness and fluctuant swelling of the right stifle joint, which yielded neutrophils on fine-needle aspiration. A diagnosis of bacterial proliferative tenosynovitis and arthritis was made on postmortem and histological examination. Culture and 16S rRNA sequencing identified a Nocardia sp. with 99% homology with the corresponding DNA fragment of N. mexicana DSM 44952. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the isolate was susceptible to co-trimoxazole and third-generation cephalosporins. CONCLUSION: We report the first case, both in Australia and internationally, of proliferative tenosynovitis and arthritis caused by Nocardia spp. infection in a bovine and the first report of pathology attributed to N. mexicana in a veterinary patient. Given the limited susceptibility of the bacteria, the poor antimicrobial penetration that would be expected and the morphological changes that had taken place in the joint; the steer would have required protracted antimicrobial treatment in addition to invasive debridement of the lesion. This case emphasises the importance of routinely performing cytology and extended incubation of cultures in cases of arthritis in order to make ethical and economically viable treatment decisions.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Nocardiosis/veterinaria , Nocardia/aislamiento & purificación , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Artritis Infecciosa/etiología , Artritis Infecciosa/microbiología , Australia/epidemiología , Bovinos , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/veterinaria , Nocardia/efectos de los fármacos , Nocardia/genética , Nocardiosis/complicaciones , Nocardiosis/epidemiología , Nocardiosis/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Rodilla de Cuadrúpedos/microbiología , Tenosinovitis/etiología , Tenosinovitis/microbiología , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
As afecções ortopédicas do ombro são consideradas as principais causas de dor e claudicação em membros torácicos de cães adultos. Estas afecções estão especialmente relacionadas a alterações nos estabilizadores ativos e passivos da articulação escapuloumeral ou no seu recobrimento articular. Na rotina clínica, tais afecções são desafiadoras e dificultam o diagnóstico preciso. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar as técnicas atuais de diagnóstico, revisando a etiopatogenia e abordagens terapêuticas mais empregadas nos casos de instabilidade medial do ombro, tenossinovite bicipital e doença articular degenerativa na espécie em questão.
Shoulder disorders are considered the main cause of forelimb lameness and pain on adult dogs. These disorders are specially related to changes in assets and liabilities stabilizers of the scapulohumeral joint or its coating. Their diagnosis are considered challenging and difficult. The aim of this review is to highlight the current diagnostic techniques, etiopathogenesis and main therapeutic approaches applied in cases of medial instability of the shoulder, bicipital tenosynovitis and degenerative joint disease in grown dogs.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Escápula , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/veterinaria , Hombro/patología , Osteoartritis/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Húmero , Enfermedad Crónica/terapiaRESUMEN
As afecções ortopédicas do ombro são consideradas as principais causas de dor e claudicação em membros torácicos de cães adultos. Estas afecções estão especialmente relacionadas a alterações nos estabilizadores ativos e passivos da articulação escapuloumeral ou no seu recobrimento articular. Na rotina clínica, tais afecções são desafiadoras e dificultam o diagnóstico preciso. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar as técnicas atuais de diagnóstico, revisando a etiopatogenia e abordagens terapêuticas mais empregadas nos casos de instabilidade medial do ombro, tenossinovite bicipital e doença articular degenerativa na espécie em questão. (AU)
Shoulder disorders are considered the main cause of forelimb lameness and pain on adult dogs. These disorders are specially related to changes in assets and liabilities stabilizers of the scapulohumeral joint or its coating. Their diagnosis are considered challenging and difficult. The aim of this review is to highlight the current diagnostic techniques, etiopathogenesis and main therapeutic approaches applied in cases of medial instability of the shoulder, bicipital tenosynovitis and degenerative joint disease in grown dogs. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Hombro/patología , Escápula , Húmero , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Osteoartritis/veterinaria , Enfermedad Crónica/terapiaRESUMEN
A artrite infecciosa em frangos de corte representa um problema sanitário e econômico de grande impacto, provocando perdas de produtividade e nos processos de produção e industrialização. Os principais agentes etiológicos associados aos casos de artrites e tenossinovites infecciosas em aves são Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) e Orthoreovirus aviario (ARV). Esse trabalho propôs investigar as alterações anatomohistopatológicas causadas pela infecção experimental concomitante por Mycoplasma synoviae e Orthoreovirus aviario em frangos de corte e confirmar a presença dos agentes através das técnicas de PCR e imuno-luorescência indireta (RIFI). Para tal foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte, alojados em cama, com fornecimento de ração e água ad libitum. A infecção experimental foi realizada utilizando amostras atenuadas de MS e de ARV. Clinicamente as aves inoculadas apresentaram apatia e edemaciação da região da articulação tíbiotársica. Após 30 dias procedeu-se a eutanásia e a necropsia das aves. Na análise histopatológica constatou-se o efeito da infecção mista com MS e ARV sobre os diferentes órgãos/tecidos. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de artrite e tenossinovite caracterizado pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfohistiocitário difuso, com acúmulo de heterófilos na cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Além disso, foi possível observar infiltrado inflamatório na traquéia, nos pulmões e sacos aéreos, no fígado, baço, pericárdio e proventrículo. A utilização da RIFI foi necessária para visualizar a presença de ambos os agentes nas articulações, identificando a presença de antígenos do ARV e do MS. A técnica de PCR constatou positividade do MS na traquéia, pulmões/sacos aéreos, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e liquido sinovial. Já para o ARV a PCR foi positiva em amostras de fígado, baço, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Com base nas lesões observadas e nos dados da literatura, sugere-se a ação concomitante por MS e ARV nos diferentes tecidos.
Infectious arthritis in broiler represents an economic and health problem resulting in severe losses due to retarded growth and down grading at slaughterhouse. The most common agents associated with cases of infectious arthritis in poultry are Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. This study proposed to investigate the histopathological changes caused by mixed infection with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus in broilers and confirm the presence of the agents through PCR and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). We used 16 broiler chickens, housed in bed, with supply of food and water ad libitum. Ten-day-old broilers were infected with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. Clinically, they showed lethargy and swelling of the hock joint. After 30 days, we proceeded to their euthanasia and necropsy. Histological lesions were observed due to the mixed infection with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus in different tissues. The histopathology of the joints was characterized by infiltration of heterophil leucocytes in the synovial membrane and the digital flexor tendon. The inflammatory process was also found in trachea, lungs, air sac, liver, spleen, pericardium and proventriculus. The use of IFA was necessary to verify the presence of both agents in the hock joints, identifying the antigens of Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. The presence of M. synoviae was detected by PCR in trachea, lung, air sacs, synovial membrane and synovial fluid. Avian orthoreovirus was detected with PCR in liver, spleen, synovial membrane and digital flexor tendon. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that a synergistic relationship exists between Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Pollos/anatomía & histología , Necrosis/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Autopsia/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinariaRESUMEN
A artrite infecciosa em frangos de corte representa um problema sanitário e econômico de grande impacto, provocando perdas de produtividade e nos processos de produção e industrialização. Os principais agentes etiológicos associados aos casos de artrites e tenossinovites infecciosas em aves são Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) e Orthoreovirus aviario (ARV). Esse trabalho propôs investigar as alterações anatomohistopatológicas causadas pela infecção experimental concomitante por Mycoplasma synoviae e Orthoreovirus aviario em frangos de corte e confirmar a presença dos agentes através das técnicas de PCR e imuno-luorescência indireta (RIFI). Para tal foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte, alojados em cama, com fornecimento de ração e água ad libitum. A infecção experimental foi realizada utilizando amostras atenuadas de MS e de ARV. Clinicamente as aves inoculadas apresentaram apatia e edemaciação da região da articulação tíbiotársica. Após 30 dias procedeu-se a eutanásia e a necropsia das aves. Na análise histopatológica constatou-se o efeito da infecção mista com MS e ARV sobre os diferentes órgãos/tecidos. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de artrite e tenossinovite caracterizado pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfohistiocitário difuso, com acúmulo de heterófilos na cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Além disso, foi possível observar infiltrado inflamatório na traquéia, nos pulmões e sacos aéreos, no fígado, baço, pericárdio e proventrículo. A utilização da RIFI foi necessária para visualizar a presença de ambos os agentes nas articulações, identificando a presença de antígenos do ARV e do MS. A técnica de PCR constatou positividade do MS na traquéia, pulmões/sacos aéreos, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e liquido sinovial. Já para o ARV a PCR foi positiva em amostras de fígado, baço, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Com base nas lesões observadas e nos dados da literatura, sugere-se a ação concomitante por MS e ARV nos diferentes tecidos.(AU)
Infectious arthritis in broiler represents an economic and health problem resulting in severe losses due to retarded growth and down grading at slaughterhouse. The most common agents associated with cases of infectious arthritis in poultry are Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. This study proposed to investigate the histopathological changes caused by mixed infection with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus in broilers and confirm the presence of the agents through PCR and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). We used 16 broiler chickens, housed in bed, with supply of food and water ad libitum. Ten-day-old broilers were infected with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. Clinically, they showed lethargy and swelling of the hock joint. After 30 days, we proceeded to their euthanasia and necropsy. Histological lesions were observed due to the mixed infection with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus in different tissues. The histopathology of the joints was characterized by infiltration of heterophil leucocytes in the synovial membrane and the digital flexor tendon. The inflammatory process was also found in trachea, lungs, air sac, liver, spleen, pericardium and proventriculus. The use of IFA was necessary to verify the presence of both agents in the hock joints, identifying the antigens of Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. The presence of M. synoviae was detected by PCR in trachea, lung, air sacs, synovial membrane and synovial fluid. Avian orthoreovirus was detected with PCR in liver, spleen, synovial membrane and digital flexor tendon. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that a synergistic relationship exists between Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Pollos/anatomía & histología , Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Necrosis/veterinaria , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinaria , Autopsia/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de estimar as condições gerais de saúde dos equinos de tração utilizados na cidade de Aracaju-SE, foram realizadas avaliações clínico-laboratorial em 50 destes animais, atendidos no hospital veterinário da Faculdade Pio Décimo no período de agosto a dezembro de 2008. Na avaliação clínica constatou-se aumento da frequência respiratória e cardíaca em 36% e 30% dos cavalos, respectivamente. Lesões de pele estavam presentes em 5% dos animais e incluíam alopecia, escoriações, crostas e feridas. Houve presença de ectoparasitas (carrapatos) em 54% dos equinos. As alterações patológicas nos membros como tenossinovite, tendinite, aumento de volume articular e claudicação, bem como rachaduras e fissuras nos cascos, casqueamento e ferrageamento inadequados, foram observadas em 46% dos animais avaliados. Endoparasitos estavam presentes em 58% dos animais avaliados, sendo os estrôngilos os mais prevalentes. Entre estes, 34,48% possuíam um elevado grau de parasitismo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os equinos de tração urbana da referida cidade apresentam deficiências de manejo que levam a patologias e que comprometem a capacidade de trabalho, a saúde e o bem-estar destes animais, sendo necessária a adoção de medidas que visem minimizar os problemas advindos desta atividade.
To estimate the general health condition of traction equines used in the Aracaju city, Sergipe state, Brazil, clinical laboratory evaluations were performed on 50 horses attended in the veterinary hospital of Faculdade Pio Décimo, from August to December, 2008. At clinical evaluation 36% and 30% increase of respiratory and cardiac frequencies, respectively, was found. Skin lesions were present in 5% of the animals including alopecia, abrasion, crusts and wounds. Ectoparasites (ticks) were present in 54% of the equines. Pathological disorders of the locomotor system, as tenosynovitis, tendinitis, joint swelling, claudication, hoof cracks, inadequate trimming and shoeing were observed in 48% of the horses. Endoparasites were present in 58% of the horses and the Strongyloides were more prevalent. Among these horses, 34.48% had high degree of parasitism. The results indicate that urban traction horses in the referred city have handling deficiency that induces pathologies and compromises animal work capacity, health and welfare, and requires actions to minimize problems resulting from this activity.