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O teste funcional Timed Up and Go (TUG) é amplamente utilizado para avaliar o risco de queda, através do equilíbrio e mobilidade, por ser de fácil aplicação e boa reprodutibilidade na prática clínica. Porém, o TUG ainda possui algumas limitações, pois se concentra no tempo total em que o teste é realizado. Uma proposta de avaliação é através da utilização de sensores inerciais, baseados na tecnologia de sistemas microeletromecânicos, e vem sendo muito utilizados para análise do movimento humano. Logo, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre o uso dos sensores inerciais nas medidas temporais e cinemáticas do TUG e suas subfases. Metodologia: Essa revisão narrativa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CENTRAL, BVS e PEDro, por meio do vocabulário MeSH entre o período de maio a junho de 2020. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos que utilizaram sensores inerciais para avaliação de medidas temporais e cinemáticas do TUG e suas subfases. Resultados: Foram incluídos 11 artigos de um total de 2305 achados. Desses, 5 utilizaram os sensores de smartphones. Não houve padronização em relação à quantidade utilizada, nem à fixação e posicionamento. Os sensores conseguiram mostrar diferenças no TUG e suas subfases nas medidas temporais e cinemáticas nos diferentes grupos avaliados. Considerações Finais: Sensores inerciais são capazes de avaliar medidas temporais e cinemáticas do TUG e de suas subfases, mostrando serem ferramentas confiáveis. Entretanto, mesmo obtendo resultados satisfatórios, necessita-se de mais estudos abrangendo uma população maior.

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) functional test is widely used to assess the risk of falling through balance and mobility since it is easy to apply and presents good reproducibility in clinical practice. However, the TUG test still has some limitations, as it focuses on the total time the test is performed. A proposal for evaluation is the use of inertial sensors, based on the microelectromechanical system technology, which has been widely used for the analysis of human movement. Therefore, the objective of this study was to carry out a narrative review on the use of inertial sensors in the temporal and kinematic measurements of TUG and its subphases. Methodology: This narrative review was carried out in the PubMed, CENTRAL, BVS, and PEDro databases using the MeSH vocabulary between the period of May to June 2020. The inclusion criteria were studies using inertial sensors to evaluate temporal and kinematic measurements of the TUG and its subphases. Results: A total of 11 articles were selected from 2305 hits. From these, five (5) used smartphone sensors. There was no standardization regarding the quantity used, nor their fixation and positioning. The sensors were able to show differences in the TUG and its subphases in the temporal and kinematic measurements in the different groups evaluated. Final Considerations: Inertial sensors are capable of evaluating temporal and kinematic measurements of the TUG and its subphases, showing that they are reliable tools. Nevertheless, although satisfactory results were obtained, further studies are needed covering a larger population.

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The adaptation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology to fit the needs of farmers requires knowledge of the accuracy level delivered by a GNSS receiver in working conditions. To date, no methodology indicates the minimum number of replications to perform a statistical comparison. This study aims to advance knowledge on the methodological approach for evaluating the static and dynamic performance of GNSS receivers commonly used in agricultural operations. For the static test, a supporting frame in the ground carried all the receivers with coordinates properly transported. In the dynamic test, a circular rail with a 9.55 m radius was installed at ground level with a platform driven by an electric motor to carry the receivers at a constant speed. The transversal error of the receiver to the circular reference line was measured. The error with 95 % probability (E95) to receivers without differential correction ranged between 4.22 m and 0.85 m in the static test, and 2.25 m and 0.98 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with differential correction had E95 values below 0.10 m in the static test and 0.16 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with C/A code require five replications at minimum and 13 replications are needed for L1/L2 with differential correction signals in the dynamic test. The static test needs nine replications for C/A and five for L1/L2 with differential correction signals.

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The adaptation of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology to fit the needs of farmers requires knowledge of the accuracy level delivered by a GNSS receiver in working conditions. To date, no methodology indicates the minimum number of replications to perform a statistical comparison. This study aims to advance knowledge on the methodological approach for evaluating the static and dynamic performance of GNSS receivers commonly used in agricultural operations. For the static test, a supporting frame in the ground carried all the receivers with coordinates properly transported. In the dynamic test, a circular rail with a 9.55 m radius was installed at ground level with a platform driven by an electric motor to carry the receivers at a constant speed. The transversal error of the receiver to the circular reference line was measured. The error with 95 % probability (E95) to receivers without differential correction ranged between 4.22 m and 0.85 m in the static test, and 2.25 m and 0.98 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with differential correction had E95 values below 0.10 m in the static test and 0.16 m in the dynamic test. Receivers with C/A code require five replications at minimum and 13 replications are needed for L1/L2 with differential correction signals in the dynamic test. The static test needs nine replications for C/A and five for L1/L2 with differential correction signals.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Controlling behaviours are highly prevalent forms of non-physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The prevalence of perpetrating controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) was compared by men receiving substance use treatment in England (n = 223) and Brazil (n = 280). Factors associated with perpetrating these behaviours towards their current/most recent partner and their association with other types of IPV were explored. DESIGN AND METHODS: Secondary analysis from two cross-sectional studies was performed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, infidelity, IPV perpetration and victimisation, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), attitudes towards gender relations and roles, substance use, depressive symptoms and anger expression were collected. RESULTS: Sixty-four percent (143/223) and 33% (73/223) of participants in England and 65% (184/280) and 20% (57/280) in Brazil reported controlling behaviours and TFA, respectively, during their current/most recent relationship. Excluding IPV victimisation from the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviours was associated with a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England) and severe physical IPV perpetration (Brazil), and perpetrating TFA was associated with younger age. Including both IPV victimisation and perpetration in the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviour was associated with experiencing a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England), emotional IPV victimisation (England) and experiencing controlling behaviour from a partner (England). The perpetration of TFA was associated with younger age and experiencing TFA from a partner. CONCLUSIONS: Technological progress provides opportunities for perpetrators to control and abuse their partners. Controlling behaviours and TFA should be addressed to reduce IPV perpetration by males in substance use treatment. [Gilchrist G, Canfield M,Radcliffe P, d'Oliveira AFPL. Controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:52-63].

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Worldwide, year by year, Fenton's Technologies have been highlighted in both academic and patent scopes, in part due to their proven efficiency as environment-friendly technologies destined to the abatement of organic pollutants, and also by their growing interest to produce industrial applications. Thus, aiming to understand the effective dynamic between two worlds, academy vs patents, the present study performs a comparative analysis about publications on Fenton-based Technologies (FbT). Therefore, in this work, technological foresight techniques were adopted focusing on patent and non-patent databases, employing for this, the Web of Science (WoS) database as a prospecting tool. The main results for the last decade point out to a strong increment of the Fenton's Technologies, as much in R&D as in patent applications in the world. Chinese Universities and firms command the scenario. There is an expressive gap between the academic and patent issues.

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This study explored whether technology adoption and changes in management practices were associated with farm structure, household, and farmer characteristics and to identify processes that may foster productivity and sustainability of small-scale dairy farming in the central highlands of Mexico. Factor analysis of survey data from 44 smallholders identified three factors-related to farm size, farmer's engagement, and household structure-that explained 70 % of cumulative variance. The subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis yielded three clusters. Cluster 1 included the most senior farmers with fewest years of education but greatest years of experience. Cluster 2 included farmers who reported access to extension, cooperative services, and more management changes. Cluster 2 obtained 25 and 35 % more milk than farmers in clusters 1 and 3, respectively. Cluster 3 included the youngest farmers, with most years of education and greatest availability of family labor. Access to a network and membership in a community of peers appeared as important contributors to success. Smallholders gravitated towards easy to implement technologies that have immediate benefits. Nonusers of high investment technologies found them unaffordable because of cost, insufficient farm size, and lack of knowledge or reliable electricity. Multivariate analysis may be a useful tool in planning extension activities and organizing channels of communication to effectively target farmers with varying needs, constraints, and motivations for change and in identifying farmers who may exemplify models of change for others who manage farms that are structurally similar but performing at a lower level.

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In order to identify the factors influencing adoption of technologies promoted by government to small-scale dairy farmers in the highlands of central Mexico, a field survey was conducted. A total of 115 farmers were grouped through cluster analysis (CA) and divided into three wealth status categories (high, medium and low) using wealth ranking. Chi-square analysis was used to examine the association of wealth status with technology adoption. Four groups of farms were differentiated in terms of farms' dimensions, farmers' education, sources of incomes, wealth status, management of herd, monetary support by government and technological availability. Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the milk yield per herd per year among groups. Government organizations (GO) participated little in the promotion of the 17 technologies identified, six of which focused on crop or forage production and 11 of which were related to animal husbandry. Relatives and other farmers played an important role in knowledge diffusion and technology adoption. Although wealth status had a significant association (p < 0.05) with adoption, other factors including importance of the technology to farmers, usefulness and productive benefits of innovations together with farmers' knowledge of them, were important. It is concluded that the analysis of the information per group and wealth status was useful to identify suitable crop or forage related and animal husbandry technologies per group and wealth status of farmers. Therefore the characterizations of farmers could provide a useful starting point for the design and delivery of more appropriate and effective extension.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urban youths' use of and access to technology and solicit their opinions about using technology with healthcare providers. STUDY DESIGN: Urban youth (aged 14-24 years) were invited to participate in focus groups in which a trained focus group facilitator used a survey and a structured guide to elicit responses regarding the foregoing objective. All sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Emergent themes were determined with the assistance of Atlas TI. Survey data were analyzed in SPSS (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: Eight focus groups including 82 primarily low-income urban African-American adolescents and young adults (mean age, 18.5 years) were completed. The participants reported fairly high access to and use of technology. However, they expressed some concerns regarding the use of technology with healthcare providers. Many worried about the confidentiality of conversations conducted using technology. Face-to-face meetings with a healthcare provider were preferred by most participants, who felt that the information provided would be better tailored to their individual needs and more credible. CONCLUSION: Although urban youth were high users of technology, they expressed reservations about using technology with health care providers. When developing new technology communication and information dissemination strategies, it is critical to understand and address these concerns while involving young people in the research and development process.

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Several genome sequencing programs were launched in Brazil by the end of the nineties and the early 2000s.The most important initiatives were supported by the ONSA program (http://watson.fapesp.br/onsa/Genoma3.htm) and aimed at gaining domain in genomic technology and bringing molecular biology to the state of art. Two main sets of data were collected in the 1996-2007 period to evaluate the results of these genome programs: the scientific production (Scopus and Web of Science databases) and the register of patents (US Patent and Trademark Office), both related to the progress of molecular biology along this period. In regard to the former, Brazil took a great leap in comparison to 17 other developed and developing countries, being only surpassed by China. As to the register of patents in the area of molecular biology, Brazil's performance lags far behind most of the countries focused in the present study, confirming the Brazilian long-standing tendency of poor achievements in technological innovations when compared with scientific production. Possible solutions to surpass this inequality are discussed.

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Several genome sequencing programs were launched in Brazil by the end of the nineties and the early 2000s.The most important initiatives were supported by the ONSA program (http://watson.fapesp.br/onsa/Genoma3.htm) and aimed at gaining domain in genomic technology and bringing molecular biology to the state of art. Two mainsets of data were collected in the 1996-2007 period to evaluate the results of these genome programs: the scientific production (Scopus and Web of Science databases) and the register of patents (US Patent and Trademark Office), both related to the progress of molecular biology along this period. In regard to the former, Brazil took a great leap in comparison to 17 other developed and developing countries, being only surpassed by China. As to the register of patents in the area of molecular biology, Brazil's performance lags far behind most of the countries focused in the presentstudy, confirming the Brazilian long-standing tendency of poor achievements in technological innovations when compared with scientific production. Possible solutions to surpass this inequality are discussed.

Vários programas de sequenciamento de genoma foram lançados no Brasil no final da década de noventa e início dadécada de 2000. As mais importantes iniciativas foram sustentadas pelo programa ONSA (http://watson.fapesp.br/onsa/Genoma3.htm) e visavam o domínio da tecnologia genômica e o progresso da biologia molecular para o estado da arte desta disciplina. Dois principais conjuntos de dados foram coletados no período de 1996-2007 para avaliar os resultados destes programas de genômica: a produção científica (bases de dados SCOPUS e o registro de patentes (US Patent and Trademark Office), ambos relacionados com o progresso de biologiamolecular ao longo deste período. Em relação ao primeiro o Brasil de um grande passo em comparação a 17 outros países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, sendo apenas superado pela China. Com relação ao registro de patentes na área de biologia molecular, o desempenho do Brasil fica bem atrás entre os países focados no presente estudo, confirmando a perdurável tendência de pobres conquistas em inovação tecnológica, quando comparado com produção científica. São discutidas as possíveis soluções para superar este desequilíbrio.

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Presenta la información y documentación existente sobre actividades científicas y trabajos en Ciencia y Tecnología y Proyectos en I+D efectuados por diversas Instituciones Nacionales. Los indicadores nos permiten conocer la infraestructura humana y técnica que posee el país, la evolución de la investigación científica y tecnológica y los recursos invertidos anualmente en estas actividades.

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