RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The 12-lead surface ECG is validated for differentiating supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) in humans. Despite the description of SVT in veterinary medicine, no studies have analyzed the electrocardiographic features of this type of arrhythmias in dogs. OBJECTIVE: To describe the specific electrocardiographic criteria used to differentiate the most common SVT in dogs. ANIMALS: Twenty-three dogs examined at Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa for SVT with the mechanism documented by electrophysiologic studies (EPS). METHODS: Twelve-lead electrocardiographic variables obtained from 14 dogs with orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (OAVRT) and 9 dogs with focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) were compared. RESULTS: Dogs with FAT had faster heart rates (278 +/- 62 versus 229 +/- 42 bpm; P= .049) and less QRS alternans (33 versus 86%; P= .022). P waves appeared during tachycardia in 22 dogs, with a superior axis in 100% of OAVRT and 22% of FAT (P < .001). OAVRT was characterized by a shorter RP interval (85.0 +/- 16.8 versus 157.1 +/- 37.3 ms; P < .001) and smaller RP/PR ratio (0.60 +/- 0.18 versus 1.45 +/- 0.52; P < .001). Repolarization anomalies were present in 64% of OAVRT and no FAT (P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified QRS alternans and a positive P wave in aVR during tachycardia as independent predictors of arrhythmia type. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Electrocardiographic criteria used in people for differentiating SVT can also be applied in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/clasificación , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Taquicardia Paroxística/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Electrocardiografía/normas , Taquicardia Paroxística/clasificación , Taquicardia Paroxística/diagnósticoRESUMEN
A 10-year-old female neutered boxer was presented with a five-week history of episodic collapse and melaena. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiograph (Holter) analysis revealed the collapsing episodes to coincide with episodes of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Investigation of the dog's melaena revealed a gastric ulcer which was treated medically and an ileocaecal mass which was surgically excised. Histopathological examination of the mass was consistent with a neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumour. The patient's recovery after surgery was unremarkable. At six-week follow-up, there had been no further episodes of melaena or collapse and repeat Holter analysis did not show any significant abnormalities. In this dog the gastric ulceration and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia could be attributed to a paraneoplastic syndrome as a result of circulating vasoactive substances released by the tumour; this is supported by the evidence that all clinical signs resolved after surgical excision of the mass and the dog was clinically well 18 months after surgery.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinales/veterinaria , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/veterinaria , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinaria , Taquicardia Paroxística/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Femenino , Neoplasias Intestinales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Intestinales/cirugía , Monitoreo Fisiológico/veterinaria , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/cirugía , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Taquicardia Paroxística/diagnóstico , Taquicardia Paroxística/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Homeopathic Digitalis 6c was evaluated in two clinical cases of atrial paroxysmal tachycardia in dogs. Tachycardias are common cardiac problems in dogs, and atrial paroxysmal tachycardia is a serious cardiac arrhythmia that may lead to syncope. Both adult dogs (Labrador and German Shepherd) were treated with Digitalis 6c, 4 drops orally four times daily for 7 days. Following treatment with Digitalis 6c heart rate stabilised and synchronized atrial and ventricular electrical activity was restored in 7 days.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/veterinaria , Atropa belladonna , Enfermedades de los Perros/tratamiento farmacológico , Homeopatía/métodos , Taquicardia Paroxística/veterinaria , Animales , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Fibrilación Atrial/terapia , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Proyectos de Investigación , Taquicardia Paroxística/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Anestesia por Inhalación/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Hipercapnia/veterinaria , Taquicardia Paroxística/veterinaria , Taquicardia Supraventricular/veterinaria , Anestesia por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Anestesia por Inhalación/instrumentación , Anestésicos por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Animales , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre/veterinaria , Perros , Falla de Equipo/veterinaria , Hipercapnia/complicaciones , Hipercapnia/etiología , Éteres Metílicos/efectos adversos , Sevoflurano , Taquicardia Paroxística/etiología , Taquicardia Supraventricular/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Diarrea/veterinaria , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/fisiopatología , Taquicardia Paroxística/veterinaria , Animales , Diarrea/complicaciones , Diarrea/fisiopatología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Caballos , Taquicardia Paroxística/etiología , Taquicardia Paroxística/fisiopatologíaAsunto(s)
Complejos Cardíacos Prematuros/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/fisiopatología , Electrocardiografía/veterinaria , Taquicardia Paroxística/veterinaria , Animales , Complejos Cardíacos Prematuros/etiología , Complejos Cardíacos Prematuros/fisiopatología , Perros , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinaria , Hemangiosarcoma/complicaciones , Hemangiosarcoma/veterinaria , Masculino , Neoplasias del Bazo/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Bazo/veterinaria , Taquicardia Paroxística/etiología , Taquicardia Paroxística/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The cardiac arrhythmias, classified in disturbances of impulse formation and conduction disturbances, their genesis and clinical significance are described and illustrated with electrocardiograms, registered with the bipolar chest leads.