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This study introduced a depth-sensing-based approach with robust algorithms for tracking relative morphological changes in the chests of patients undergoing physical therapy. The problem that was addressed was the periodic change in morphological parameters induced by breathing, and since the recording was continuous, the parameters were extracted for the moments of maximum and minimum volumes of the chest (inspiration and expiration moments), and analyzed. The parameters were derived from morphological transverse cross-sections (CSs), which were extracted for the moments of maximal and minimal depth variations, and the reliability of the results was expressed through the coefficient of variation (CV) of the resulting curves. Across all subjects and levels of observed anatomy, the mean CV for CS depth values was smaller than 2%, and the mean CV of the CS area was smaller than 1%. To prove the reproducibility of measurements (extraction of morphological parameters), 10 subjects were recorded in two consecutive sessions with a short interval (2 weeks) where no changes in the monitored parameters were expected and statistical methods show that there was no statistically significant difference between the sessions, which confirms the reproducibility hypothesis. Additionally, based on the representative CSs for inspiration and expirations moments, chest mobility in quiet breathing was examined, and the statistical test showed no difference between the two sessions. The findings justify the proposed algorithm as a valuable tool for evaluating the impact of rehabilitation exercises on chest morphology.
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Algoritmos , Parálisis Cerebral , Tórax , Humanos , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Parálisis Cerebral/patología , Niño , Masculino , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Respiración , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Objective. This study aims to design and fabricate a 3D printed heterogeneous paediatric head phantom and to customize a thorax phantom for radiotherapy dosimetry.Approach. This study designed, fabricated, and tested 3D printed radiotherapy phantoms that can simulate soft tissue, lung, brain, and bone. Various polymers were considered in designing the phantoms. Polylactic acid+, nylon, and plaster were used in simulating different tissue equivalence. Dimensional accuracy, and CT number were investigated. The phantoms were subjected to a complete radiotherapy clinical workflow. Several treatment plans were delivered in both the head and the thorax phantom from a simple single 6 MV beam, parallel opposed beams, and five-field intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) beams. Dose measurements using an ionization chamber and radiochromic films were compared with the calculated doses of the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS).Main results. The fabricated heterogeneous phantoms represent paediatric human head and adult thorax based on its radiation attenuation and anatomy. The measured CT number ranges are within -786.23 ± 10.55, 0.98 ± 3.86, 129.51 ± 12.83, and 651.14 ± 47.76 HU for lung, water/brain, soft tissue, and bone, respectively. It has a good radiological imaging visual similarity relative to a real human head and thorax depicting soft tissue, lung, bone, and brain. The accumulated dose readings for both conformal radiotherapy and IMRT match with the TPS calculated dose within ±2% and ±4% for head and thorax phantom, respectively. The mean pass rate for all the plans delivered are above 90% for gamma analysis criterion of 3%/3 mm.Significance and conclusion. The fabricated heterogeneous paediatric head and thorax phantoms are useful in Linac end-to-end radiotherapy quality assurance based on its CT image and measured radiation dose. The manufacturing and dosimetry workflow of this study can be utilized by other institutions for dosimetry and trainings.
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Cabeza , Aceleradores de Partículas , Fantasmas de Imagen , Impresión Tridimensional , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Tórax , Humanos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/métodos , Niño , Aceleradores de Partículas/instrumentación , Adulto , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud , Radiometría/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The study aims to compare the accuracy and safety of robotic-assisted navigation puncture to freehand puncture during computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous needle insertion in the chest and abdomen. METHODS: A total of 60 patients required percutaneous puncture procedures, with 40 involving the chest and 20 involving the abdomen. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The test group punctured using a robotic-assisted navigation system, whereas the control group punctured manually. The primary outcome assessment standards are single puncture success rates, with the number of needle modifications and CT scan timings during the procedure serving as supplementary outcome evaluation standards. The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used for the comparison. RESULTS: The puncture procedure's success rates after just one puncture: The test group punctures accurately without adjusting the puncture needle, while the control group uses an average number of 1.73 ± 1.20 pins. The once-puncture success rate of robot navigation puncture is considerably higher than that of bare-handed puncture (P < 0.001). The times of CT scan are necessitated when the puncture is in place: the average times in the test group is 3.03 ± 0.18 times, while the control group is 4.70 ± 1.24 times. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the robotic-assisted navigation system improves puncture accuracy while reducing the need for needle corrections during percutaneous puncture procedures. It also shortens CT scans and reduces radiation exposure from X-rays.
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Punciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Punciones/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano , Adulto , Abdomen/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Robótica/métodosRESUMEN
Accurate motion estimation at high acceleration factors enables rapid motion-compensated reconstruction in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) without compromising the diagnostic image quality. In this work, we introduce an attention-aware deep learning-based framework that can perform non-rigid pairwise registration for fully sampled and accelerated MRI. We extract local visual representations to build similarity maps between the registered image pairs at multiple resolution levels and additionally leverage long-range contextual information using a transformer-based module to alleviate ambiguities in the presence of artifacts caused by undersampling. We combine local and global dependencies to perform simultaneous coarse and fine motion estimation. The proposed method was evaluated on in-house acquired fully sampled and accelerated data of 101 patients and 62 healthy subjects undergoing cardiac and thoracic MRI. The impact of motion estimation accuracy on the downstream task of motion-compensated reconstruction was analyzed. We demonstrate that our model derives reliable and consistent motion fields across different sampling trajectories (Cartesian and radial) and acceleration factors of up to 16x for cardiac motion and 30x for respiratory motion and achieves superior image quality in motion-compensated reconstruction qualitatively and quantitatively compared to conventional and recent deep learning-based approaches. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/lab-midas/GMARAFT.
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Aprendizaje Profundo , Corazón , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Algoritmos , Artefactos , Movimiento/fisiología , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , AdultoRESUMEN
Sustained injury from factors such as hypoxia, infection, or physical damage may provoke improper tissue repair and the anomalous deposition of connective tissue that causes fibrosis. This phenomenon may take place in any organ, ultimately leading to their dysfunction and eventual failure. Tissue fibrosis has also been found to be central in both the process of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Thus, its prompt diagnosis and regular monitoring is necessary for implementing effective disease-modifying interventions aiming to reduce mortality and improve overall quality of life. While significant research has been conducted on these subjects, a comprehensive understanding of how their relationship manifests through modern imaging techniques remains to be established. This work intends to provide a comprehensive overview of imaging technologies relevant to the detection of fibrosis affecting thoracic organs as well as to explore potential future advancements in this field.
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Fibrosis , Humanos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/patologíaRESUMEN
Objective.Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been used to determine regional lung ventilation distribution in humans for decades, however, the effect of biological sex on the findings has hardly ever been examined. The aim of our study was to determine if the spatial distribution of ventilation assessed by EIT during quiet breathing was influenced by biological sex.Approach.219 adults with no known acute or chronic lung disease were examined in sitting position with the EIT electrodes placed around the lower chest (6th intercostal space). EIT data were recorded at 33 images/s during quiet breathing for 60 s. Regional tidal impedance variation was calculated in all EIT image pixels and the spatial distribution of the values was determined using the established EIT measures of centre of ventilation in ventrodorsal (CoVvd) and right-to-left direction (CoVrl), the dorsal and right fraction of ventilation, and ventilation defect score.Main results.After exclusion of one subject due to insufficient electrode contact, 218 data sets were analysed (120 men, 98 women) (age: 53 ± 18 vs 50 ± 16 yr (p= 0.2607), body mass index: 26.4 ± 4.0 vs 26.4 ± 6.6 kg m-2(p= 0.9158), mean ± SD). Highly significant differences in ventilation distribution were identified between men and women between the right and left chest sides (CoVrl: 47.0 ± 2.9 vs 48.8 ± 3.3% of chest diameter (p< 0.0001), right fraction of ventilation: 0.573 ± 0.067 vs 0.539 ± 0.071 (p= 0.0004)) and less significant in the ventrodorsal direction (CoVvd: 55.6 ± 4.2 vs 54.5 ± 3.6% of chest diameter (p= 0.0364), dorsal fraction of ventilation: 0.650 ± 0.121 vs 0.625 ± 0.104 (p= 0.1155)). Ventilation defect score higher than one was found in 42.5% of men but only in 16.6% of women.Significance.Biological sex needs to be considered when EIT findings acquired in upright subjects in a rather caudal examination plane are interpreted. Sex differences in chest anatomy and thoracoabdominal mechanics may explain the results.
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Impedancia Eléctrica , Caracteres Sexuales , Tórax , Tomografía , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Tomografía/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , AdultoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the subcutaneous tissue, which affects deep structures and bone. Most cases of actinomycetoma are caused by members of the genus Nocardia. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report the case of a 43-year-old male who presented a disseminated mycetoma on the forearm, chest and neck, characterized by enlarged and erythematous lesions through which seropurulent material drains, and numerous atrophic scars. Molecular identification was performed by 16S gene amplification and sequencing. Nocardia mexicana was identified with 100% identity. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, diaminodiphenyl sulfone and amikacin was a successful treatment after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Nocardia mexicana is a rare organism that causes mycetoma. We report a case of extensive mycetoma on the forearm with spread to the neck and thorax associated with manipulation of the mouth of a calf.
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Antibacterianos , Antebrazo , Micetoma , Cuello , Nocardiosis , Nocardia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Tórax , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Nocardia/aislamiento & purificación , Nocardia/genética , Micetoma/microbiología , Micetoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Nocardiosis/microbiología , Nocardiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico , Antebrazo/microbiología , Antebrazo/patología , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/microbiología , Cuello/patología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéutico , Amicacina/uso terapéutico , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To study chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations in neonates with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) to provide clues for early diagnosis of this disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and chest CT scan results of neonates diagnosed with CGD from January 2015 to December 2022 at Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital. RESULTS: Nine neonates with CGD were included, with eight presenting respiratory symptoms as the initial sign. Chest CT findings included: consolidation in all 9 cases; nodules in all 9 cases, characterized by multiple, variably sized scattered nodules in both lungs; masses in 4 cases; cavities in 3 cases; abscesses in 6 cases; bronchial stenosis in 2 cases; pleural effusion, interstitial changes, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy each in 1 case. CT enhancement scans showed nodules and masses with uneven or ring-shaped enhancement; no signs of pulmonary emphysema, lung calcification, halo signs, crescent signs, bronchiectasis, or scar lesions were observed. There was no evidence of rib or vertebral bone destruction. Fungal infections were present in 8 of the 9 cases, including 6 with Aspergillus infections; three of these involved mixed infections with Aspergillus, with masses most commonly associated with mixed Aspergillus infections (3/4). CONCLUSIONS: The primary manifestations of neonatal CGD on chest CT are consolidation, nodules, and/or masses, with Aspergillus as a common pathogen. These features can serve as early diagnostic clues for neonatal CGD.
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Enfermedad Granulomatosa Crónica , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Enfermedad Granulomatosa Crónica/diagnóstico por imagen , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate body physical parameters as substitutes for water equivalent diameter (Dw) while calculating size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs) during adult chest computed tomography (CT). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 776 patients. Patients were divided into training set (542 patients) and validation set (234 patients) according to a ratio of 7:3. The correlations between physical parameters and Dw were analyzed. The differences between SSDEsubstitutes and the reference SSDE (SSDEreference) were compared. Strong positive correlations were observed between body mass index (BMI) and Dw as well as between weight and Dw in overall, male, and female patients (all p < 0.001). The correlations between BMI and Dw were stronger than those between weight and Dw in overall, male, and female subjects (all p < 0.001). SSDEweight and SSDEBMI were not significantly different from SSDEreference (p > 0.05). The RMSEs of overall patients between SSDEweight and SSDEreference as well as between SSDEBMI and SSDEreference were 0.237 and 0.2, respectively. The use of sex-specific regression equations for BMI caused a slightly reduction in RMSE. Weight and BMI can be used as surrogate parameters for Dw when calculating SSDE in adult chest CT exams, with BMI being the preferred substitute parameter.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Dosis de Radiación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Peso Corporal , Radiografía Torácica/métodos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Agua , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Ankylosing spondylitis is chronic progressive disease, which decrease functions of musculoskeletal system including chest area. Those changes influences respiratory mechanics, worsen conditions of proper ventilation of lungs. OBJECTIVES: Rating of functional and respiratory parameters and dependence between them at patients with ankylosing spondylitis. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study included 45 patients with diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis. Chest and upper limbs mobility, resting spinal curvature alignment were assessed, and respiratory parameters were measured in a plethysmographic chamber JAGGER MasterScreen Body. RESULTS: Ankylosing spondylitis patients had lower respiratory parameters especially sReff, and FRC. Restriction of chest and upper limbs mobility was also demonstrated. Forward head extension was observed based on the occipital wall test. Correlations between functional parameters and correlations between functional and respiratory parameters were shown, in particular MIP, MEP, sReff, Rtot, TLC, ERV. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed a decrease in functional and respiratory parameters in the examined patients with ankylosing spondylitis compared to the applicable standards. A significant relationship was found between functional parameters in the upper body and respiratory parameters, which worsen with increasing thoracic dysfunction. The obtained results indicate the directions of therapy that should be taken into account to improve respiratory parameters and reduce respiratory dysfunction in these patients. Chest-focused physiotherapy appears to be an important element in improving function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
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Articulación del Hombro , Espondilitis Anquilosante , Humanos , Espondilitis Anquilosante/fisiopatología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Articulación del Hombro/fisiopatología , Columna Vertebral/fisiopatología , Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/fisiopatología , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Mecánica Respiratoria/fisiología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To examine the fetal thymic-thoracic ratio (TTR) in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHODS: This prospective case-control study was conducted in a single tertiary center. The sample consisted of 86 pregnant women at 28-37â¯weeks of gestation, including 43 women with ICP and 43 healthy controls. TTR was calculated for each patient using the anterior-posterior measurements of the thymus and intrathoracic mediastinal measurements. RESULTS: The median TTR value was found to be smaller in the ICP group compared to the control group (0.32 vs. 0.36, p<0.001). The ICP group had a greater rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p<0.001). Univariate regression analysis revealed that lower TTR values increased the possibility of NICU admission six times (95â¯% confidence interval: 0.26-0.39, p=0.01). A statistically significant negative correlation was detected between TTR and the NICU requirement (r: -0.435, p=0.004). As a result of the receiver operating characteristic analysis, in predicting NICU admission, the optimal cut-off value of TTR was determined to be 0.31 with 78â¯% sensitivity and 67â¯% specificity (area under the curve=0.819; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We determined that the fetal TTR may be affected by the inflammatory process caused by the maternal-fetal immune system and increased serum bile acid levels in fetal organs in the presence of ICP. We consider that TTR can be used to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with ICP.
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Colestasis Intrahepática , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Timo , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Colestasis Intrahepática/sangre , Colestasis Intrahepática/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/sangre , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , Timo/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/métodos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend the reporting of incidental coronary artery calcification (CAC) on non-electrocardigram-gated computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest. The finding of incidental moderate or severe CAC on non-cardiac non-contrast chest CT correlates with a CAC score ≥ 100 Agatston units, a guideline-based indication for a clinician-patient discussion regarding the initiation of statin therapy. In contemporary practice, whether the presence and severity of incidental CAC are routinely reported on such CT scans of the chest is unknown. METHODS: At a major university hospital, we collected a one-month convenience sample of 297 patients who had chest CT imaging for indications other than lung cancer screening (OICT) and 42 patients who underwent lung cancer chest CT screening (LSCT). We evaluated reporting patterns of incidental CAC in the body and impression of the reports as compared to the overreading of such studies by a board-certified CT chest radiologist. We hypothesized and demonstrated that there was underreporting of incidental CAC on these scans. We then undertook an initiative to educate reporting radiologists on the importance of reporting CAC and implemented a reporting template change to encourage routine reporting. Then we repeated another one-month sample (n= 363 for the OICT and n= 63 for the LSCT groups) to evaluate reporting patterns following our intervention. RESULTS: The presence of incidental moderate and severe CAC was systematically underreported in the OICT group (0 and 4.8 %) and the severity was never mentioned in the impression of reports. In the LSCT group, the presence of incidental moderate and severe CAC was also underreported (66.7 % and 75 %) and the severity of CAC was mentioned 50 % of the time in the impression of the reports. Following the initiation of an educational program and radiology reporting template change, there was a significant increase in reporting of moderate or severe CAC in the OICT group (0 vs. 80.0 %, p < 0.001) and (4.8 vs. 93.5 %, p < 0.001) respectively and a significant increase in the reporting of the severity of incidental CAC for those with severe CAC in the LSCT group (50 vs. 94.1 %, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: Despite guideline recommendations, incidental CAC was underreported at a large academic center. We implemented a system that significantly improved reporting patterns of incidental CAC. Failure to report incidental CAC represents a missed opportunity to initiate preventive therapies. Hospital systems interested in improving the quality of their radiology reporting procedures should examine their practices to assure that CAC quantification is routinely performed.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Femenino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Hallazgos Incidentales , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcio/análisis , Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Torácica , ElectrocardiografíaRESUMEN
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-radiation, non-invasive visual diagnostic technique. In order to improve the imaging resolution and the removing artifacts capability of the reconstruction algorithms for electrical impedance imaging in human-chest models, the HMANN algorithm was proposed using the Hadamard product to optimize multilayer artificial neural networks (MANN). The reconstructed images of the HMANN algorithm were compared with those of the generalized vector sampled pattern matching (GVSPM) algorithm, truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) algorithm, backpropagation (BP) neural network algorithm, and traditional MANN algorithm. The simulation results showed that the correlation coefficient of the reconstructed images obtained by the HMANN algorithm was increased by 17.30% in the circular cross-section models compared with the MANN algorithm. It was increased by 13.98% in the lung cross-section models. In the lung cross-section models, some of the correlation coefficients obtained by the HMANN algorithm would decrease. Nevertheless, the HMANN algorithm retained the image information of the MANN algorithm in all models, and the HMANN algorithm had fewer artifacts in the reconstructed images. The distinguishability between the objects and the background was better compared with the traditional MANN algorithm. The algorithm could improve the correlation coefficient of the reconstructed images, and effectively remove the artifacts, which provides a new direction to effectively improve the quality of the reconstructed images for EIT.
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Algoritmos , Impedancia Eléctrica , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Tórax , Tomografía , Humanos , Tomografía/métodos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Anomalies of the fetal chest require advanced imaging with ultrasound and MR imaging as well as expertise on the part of the interpreting pediatric radiologist. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and congenital lung malformation are the most frequently seen, and in both conditions, the radiologist should provide both detailed anatomic description and measurement data for prognostication. This article provides a detailed approach to imaging the anatomy, in-depth explanation of available measurements and prognostic value, and keys to identifying candidates for fetal intervention. Less common congenital lung tumors and mediastinal and chest wall masses are also reviewed.
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Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos , Femenino , Embarazo , Enfermedades Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/anomalíasRESUMEN
Background: The most recent advances in Computed Tomography (CT) image reconstruction technology are Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms. Due to drawbacks in Iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques such as negative image texture and nonlinear spatial resolutions, DLIRs are gradually replacing them. However, the potential use of DLIR in Head and Chest CT has to be examined further. Hence, the purpose of the study is to review the influence of DLIR on Radiation dose (RD), Image noise (IN), and outcomes of the studies compared with IR and FBP in Head and Chest CT examinations. Methods: We performed a detailed search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase to find the articles reported using DLIR for Head and Chest CT examinations between 2017 to 2023. Data were retrieved from the short-listed studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Out of 196 articles searched, 15 articles were included. A total of 1292 sample size was included. 14 articles were rated as high and 1 article as moderate quality. All studies compared DLIR to IR techniques. 5 studies compared DLIR with IR and FBP. The review showed that DLIR improved IQ, and reduced RD and IN for CT Head and Chest examinations. Conclusions: DLIR algorithm have demonstrated a noted enhancement in IQ with reduced IN for CT Head and Chest examinations at lower dose compared with IR and FBP. DLIR showed potential for enhancing patient care by reducing radiation risks and increasing diagnostic accuracy.
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Algoritmos , Aprendizaje Profundo , Cabeza , Dosis de Radiación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Humanos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Cabeza/diagnóstico por imagen , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Torácica/métodos , Relación Señal-RuidoRESUMEN
To optimise soldier protection within body armour systems, knowledge of the boundaries of essential thoraco-abdominal organs is necessary to inform coverage requirements. However, existing methods of organ boundary identification are costly and time consuming, limiting widespread adoption for use on soldier populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel method of using 3D organ models to identify essential organ boundaries from low dose planar X-rays and 3D external surface scans of the human torso. The results revealed that, while possible to reconstruct 3D organs using template 3D organ models placed over X-ray images, the boundary data (relating to the size and position of each organ) obtained from the reconstructed organs differed significantly from MRI organ data. The magnitude of difference varied between organs. The most accurate anatomical boundaries were the left, right, and inferior boundaries of the heart, and lateral boundaries for the liver and spleen. Visual inspection of the data demonstrated that 11 of 18 organ models were successfully integrated within the 3D space of the participant's surface scan. These results suggest that, if this method is further refined and evaluated, it has potential to be used as a tool for estimating body armour coverage requirements.
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Abdomen , Antropometría , Imagenología Tridimensional , Hígado , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Antropometría/métodos , Masculino , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Abdomen/diagnóstico por imagen , Abdomen/anatomía & histología , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/anatomía & histología , Bazo/diagnóstico por imagen , Bazo/anatomía & histología , Ropa de Protección , Torso/diagnóstico por imagen , Personal Militar , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Corazón/anatomía & histología , Adulto Joven , FemeninoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To develop and validate risk models incorporating clinical and/or imaging parameters based on three-dimensional treatment-planning systems (3D-TPS) to predict the occurrence of 125I seed migration and the number of migrated seeds <2/≥2 to the chest after brachytherapy for patients with malignant hepatic tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 480 patients diagnosed with malignant liver tumors receiving 125I seed brachytherapy from July 2010 to May 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. Variables included 3D-TPS-based CT parameters, that is, the distance from the seed to the inferior vena cava (DSI), the distance from the seed to the second hepatic portal (DSP) and the angle from the seed to the second hepatic portal (ASP), and patients' clinical characteristics, that is, the number of seed implantation procedures (NSP), the maximum number of implanted seeds one time (MAX) and laboratory parameters within 1 week before treatment. Two sets of logistic regression models incorporating clinical and/or imaging variables were developed to predict the occurrence of seed migration and the number of migrated seeds <2/≥2. Model performance was assessed by ROC analysis and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the clinical models, the combined model showed a higher discriminative ability for both the prediction of migration occurrence and number of migrated seeds ≥ 2/<2 to the chest (AUC, 0.879 vs. 0.668, p < 0.05; 0.895 vs. 0.701, p < 0.05). The decision curve analysis results indicated higher net benefits of combined models than clinical models. Variables, including DSI, NSP and pretreatment lymphocyte-to-neutrophil ratio, acted as the most important predictors in combined models. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed combined models based on 3D-TPS improved discriminative abilities for predicting 125I seed migration and number of migrated seeds <2/≥2 to the chest after hepatic brachytherapy, being promising to aid clinical decision-making.
Asunto(s)
Braquiterapia , Radioisótopos de Yodo , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Braquiterapia/efectos adversos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Imagenología Tridimensional , Adulto , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/efectos de la radiación , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the organ doses assessed through a digital phantom-based and a patient specific-based dosimetric tool in adult routine thorax computed tomography (CT) examinations with reference to physical dose measurements performed in anthropomorphic phantoms. METHODS: Two Monte Carlo based dose calculation tools were used to assess organ doses in routine adult thorax CT examinations. These were a digital phantom-based dosimetry tool (NCICT, National Cancer Institute, USA) and a patient-specific individualized dosimetry tool (ImpactMC, CT Imaging GmbH, Germany). Digital phantoms and patients were classified in four groups according to their water equivalent diameter (Dw). Normalized to volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), organ dose was assessed for lungs, esophagus, heart, breast, active bone marrow, and skin. Organ doses were compared to measurements performed using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) in two physical anthropomorphic phantoms that simulate the average adult individual as a male (Alderson Research Labs, USA) and as a female (ATOM Phantoms, USA). RESULTS: The average percent difference of NCICT to TLD and ImpactMC to TLD dose measurements across all organs in both sexes was 13% and 6%, respectively. The average ± 1 standard deviation in dose values across all organs with NCICT, ImpactMC, and TLDs was ± 0.06 (mGy/mGy), ± 0.19 (mGy/mGy), and ± 0.13 (mGy/mGy), respectively. Organ doses decreased with increasing Dw in both NCICT and ImpactMC. CONCLUSION: Organ doses estimated with ImpactMC were in closer agreement to TLDs compared to NCICT. This may be attributed to the inherent property of ImpactMC methodology to generate phantoms that resemble the realistic anatomy of the examined patient as opposed to NCICT methodology that incorporates an anatomical discrepancy between phantoms and patients.