RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in serum creatinine and chloride concentrations in anesthetized dogs that received 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 670/0.7. DESIGN: Retrospective case series, 2002-2015. SETTING: University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Two hundred forty-four client-owned dogs undergoing general anesthesia that received an HES solution. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Medical records of dogs that received an HES solution (6%, 670/0.7) while under general anesthesia during the study period were reviewed. Information obtained from the medical record included patient signalment, reason for anesthesia or diagnosis, body weight, amount of HES solution administered, pre- and postanesthesia creatinine value, pre- and postanesthesia chloride value, and day interval between measurements. Corrected chloride values were used for all statistical analysis. Dogs received a median dose of 6.3 mL/kg hetastarch during anesthesia. Median preanesthesia creatinine and corrected chloride values were 79.5 µmol/L (0.9 mg/dL) (range 8.8-689.5 µmol/L [0.1-7.8 mg/dL]) and 111 mmol/L (111 mEq/L) (range 80-123 mmol/L [80-123 mg/dL]), respectively. Median postanesthesia creatinine was 57.4 µmol/L (0.65 mg/dL) (8.8-716 µmol/L [0.1-8.1 mg/dL]). Median postanesthesia corrected chloride was 115 mmol/L (115 mEq/L) (range 87.5-129.6 mmol/L [87.5-129.6 mEq/L]). Mann-Whitney test analysis revealed a significant decrease in creatinine (Δ Cr 17.7 µmol/L [0.2 mg/dL], P < 0.01) and a significant increase in corrected chloride (Δ Cl 4.1 mmol/L [4.1mEq/L], P < 0.01) between pre- and postanesthesia values. CONCLUSIONS: In a mixed population of hospitalized dogs undergoing general anesthesia that received a median dose of 6 mL/kg of HES, creatinine was lower and chloride was higher in the postanesthetic than in the preanesthetic period. The clinical significance of these changes and the role that HES administration played in them relative to concurrent therapies is unknown.
Asunto(s)
Cloruros/sangre , Creatinina/sangre , Perros/fisiología , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/administración & dosificación , Sustitutos del Plasma/administración & dosificación , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/veterinaria , Anestesia General/veterinaria , Animales , Perros/sangre , Femenino , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/efectos adversos , Masculino , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Registros/veterinaria , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Establish whether the use of starch in hip arthroplasty is a risk factor for excessive surgical bleeding and requirement of red blood cell transfusion. METHOD: Analytical observational retrospective study in 240 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2015 to January 2016. Two groups were formed: starch (94 patients) and non-starch (146 patients). Age, sex, body mass index, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, red cell transfusion and surgical bleeding was analyzed. RESULTS: Starchy group had increased risk of excessive surgical bleeding (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.05- 6.26) and red blood cells transfusion (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.76 -5.5). In the starch group average surgical bleeding was 396 ml (SD: ± 234.94) and a decrease in hemoglobin of 4.6 g/dl (SD± 1.38). The control group had an average bleeding of 271.8 ml (SD: ± 139.22) and decrease in hemoglobin of 3.34 g/dl (SD: ± 1.4). DISCUSSION: The starch group had higher surgical bleeding and required more often red blood cells transfusion than the non-starch group. We suggest to take in account the possible complications related to the use hydroxyethyl starch.
OBJETIVO: Determinar si el uso de almidón en la artroplastia de cadera es un factor de riesgo para el sangrado transquirúrgico excesivo y el uso de concentrados eritrocitarios. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo observacional analítico de 240 pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera primaria desde enero de 2015 hasta enero de 2016. Se integraron dos grupos: almidón (94 pacientes) y no almidón (146 pacientes). Se analizaron la edad, el sexo, el índice de masa corporal, la hemoglobina prequirúrgica y posquirúrgica, el uso de concentrados eritrocitarios y el sangrado transquirúrgico. RESULTADOS: El grupo con almidón tuvo mayor riesgo de sangrado transquirúrgico excesivo (odds ratio [OR]: 3.58; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 2.05- 6.26) y de transfusión de concentrados eritrocitarios (OR: 3.12; IC 95%: 1.76-5.5). En el grupo con almidón hubo una media de sangrado transquirúrgico de 396 ml (desviación estándar [DE]: ± 234.94) y una disminución de la hemoglobina de 4.6 g/dl (DE: ± 1.38); en el grupo de no almidón hubo una media de sangrado de 271.8 ml (DE: ± 139.22) y una disminución de la hemoglobina de 3.34 g/dl (DE: ± 1.4). DISCUSIÓN: Los pacientes con almidón presentaron mayor sangrado transquirúrgico y requirieron en más ocasiones la transfusión de hemoderivados que los del grupo control, por lo que sugerimos considerar las posibles complicaciones relacionadas con el uso de hidroxietilalmidón.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Intervalos de Confianza , Transfusión de Eritrocitos , Femenino , Hemoglobina A/análisis , Humanos , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Sustitutos del Plasma/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tetrastarch can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans with sepsis, but less likely to result in tissue edema than lactated Ringer's solution (LRS). OBJECTIVES: Compare effects of volume replacement (VR) with LRS and 6% tetrastarch solution (TS) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) and markers of AKI in hemorrhaged dogs. ANIMALS: Six healthy English Pointer dogs (19.7-35.3 kg). METHODS: Prospective crossover study. Animals underwent anesthesia without hemorrhage (Control). Two weeks later, dogs hemorrhaged under anesthesia on 2 occasions (8-week washout intervals) and randomly received VR with LRS or TS at 3 : 1 or 1 : 1 of shed blood, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained until 4 hour after VR for EVLW measurements derived from transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine concentrations in plasma and urine were measured until 72 hour after VR. RESULTS: The EVLW index (mL/kg) was lower at 1 hour after TS (10.0 ± 1.9) in comparison with controls (11.9 ± 3.4, P = 0.04), and at 4 hour after TS (9.7 ± 1.9) in comparison with LRS (11.8 ± 2.7, P = 0.03). Arterial oxygen partial pressure-to-inspired oxygen fraction ratio did not differ among treatments from 0.5 to 4 hour after VR. Urine NGAL/creatinine ratio did not differ among treatments and remained below threshold for AKI (120,000 pg/mg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although TS causes less EVLW accumulation than LRS, neither fluid produced evidence of lung edema (impaired oxygenation). Both fluids appear not to cause AKI when used for VR after hemorrhage in healthy nonseptic dogs.
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Agua Pulmonar Extravascular/efectos de los fármacos , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/farmacología , Soluciones Isotónicas/farmacología , Anestésicos por Inhalación/administración & dosificación , Animales , Gasto Cardíaco/efectos de los fármacos , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/orina , Estudios Cruzados , Perros , Femenino , Hemorragia , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/efectos adversos , Isoflurano/administración & dosificación , Soluciones Isotónicas/efectos adversos , Lipocalina 2/sangre , Lipocalina 2/orina , Masculino , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/farmacología , Estudios Prospectivos , Lactato de RingerRESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: among burn patients, it is common to use colloidal substances under the justification that it is necessary to correct the oncotic pressure of the plasma, thereby reducing the edema in the burnt area and the hypotension. The aim here was to assess the risk of hospital mortality, comparing the use of albumin and crystalloid solutions for these patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: non-concurrent historical cohort study at Faculdade de Medicina de Marília; within the Postgraduate program on Internal and Therapeutic Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; and at the Brazilian Cochrane Center. METHODS: burn patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2001, with registration in the Hospital Information System, who received albumin, were compared with those who received other types of volume replacement. The primary outcome was the hospital mortality rate. The data were collected from files within the Datasus software. RESULTS: 39,684 patients were included: 24,116 patients with moderate burns and 15,566 patients with major burns. Among the men treated with albumin, the odds ratio for the risk of death was 20.58 (95% confidence interval, CI: 11.28-37.54) for moderate burns and 6.24 (CI 5.22-7.45) for major burns. Among the women, this risk was 40.97 for moderate burns (CI 21.71-77.30) and 7.35 for major burns (CI 5.99-9.01). The strength of the association between the use of albumin and the risk of death was maintained for the other characteristics studied, with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: the use of albumin among patients with moderate and major burns was associated with considerably increased mortality.
Asunto(s)
Albúminas/efectos adversos , Quemaduras/terapia , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Soluciones Isotónicas/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Quemaduras/mortalidad , Estudios de Cohortes , Soluciones Cristaloides , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Among burn patients, it is common to use colloidal substances under the justification that it is necessary to correct the oncotic pressure of the plasma, thereby reducing the edema in the burnt area and the hypotension. The aim here was to assess the risk of hospital mortality, comparing the use of albumin and crystalloid solutions for these patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-concurrent historical cohort study at Faculdade de Medicina de Marília; within the Postgraduate program on Internal and Therapeutic Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo; and at the Brazilian Cochrane Center. METHODS: Burn patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2001, with registration in the Hospital Information System, who received albumin, were compared with those who received other types of volume replacement. The primary outcome was the hospital mortality rate. The data were collected from files within the Datasus software. RESULTS: 39,684 patients were included: 24,116 patients with moderate burns and 15,566 patients with major burns. Among the men treated with albumin, the odds ratio for the risk of death was 20.58 (95 percent confidence interval, CI: 11.28-37.54) for moderate burns and 6.24 (CI 5.22-7.45) for major burns. Among the women, this risk was 40.97 for moderate burns (CI 21.71-77.30) and 7.35 for major burns (CI 5.99-9.01). The strength of the association between the use of albumin and the risk of death was maintained for the other characteristics studied, with statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The use of albumin among patients with moderate and major burns was associated with considerably increased mortality.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Em pacientes queimados é comum o uso de substâncias coloidais sob justificativa de que é necessário corrigir a pressão oncótica do plasma, reduzindo o edema na área queimada e a hipotensão. O objetivo foi avaliar o risco de mortalidade hospitalar, comparando o uso de albumina e soluções cristaloides para esses pacientes. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo coorte histórico não concorrente na Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna e Terapêutica da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e no Centro Cochrane do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Pacientes queimados hospitalizados entre 2000 e 2001, registrados no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e que receberam albumina foram comparados com aqueles que receberam outros tipos de reposição volêmica. O desfecho primário foi a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar. Os dados foram coletados dos arquivos do programa Datasus. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 39.684 pacientes: sendo 24.116 pacientes com queimaduras moderadas e 15.566 pacientes com queimaduras graves. Entre os homens tratados com albumina, o odds ratio para o risco de morte foi 20,58 (intervalo de confiança IC 95 por cento 11,28-37,54) para queimaduras moderadas e 6,24 (IC 5,22-7,45) para queimaduras graves. Entre as mulheres, esse risco foi de 40,97 para queimaduras moderadas (IC 21,71-77,30) e 7,35 para queimaduras graves (IC 5,99-9,01). A força da associação entre o uso de albumina e o risco de morte foi mantida para as outras características estudadas, com significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de albumina entre pacientes com queimaduras moderadas e graves foi associado a aumento considerável da mortalidade.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Albúminas/efectos adversos , Quemaduras/terapia , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Soluciones Isotónicas/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Brasil/epidemiología , Quemaduras/mortalidad , Estudios de Cohortes , Modelos Logísticos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos da expansão volêmica produzida pelo hidroxietilamido 130/0,4 (HES 130/0,4) ou pelo sangue em gatas com hipovolemia induzida. Foram utilizadas 12 gatas adultas, sem raça definida (SRD), com peso médio de 2,85±0,28kg e hígidas. Os animais foram induzidos à anestesia geral com isofluorano a 5V por cento, intubados e conectados a um sistema sem reinalação de gases. Após a instrumentação, os animais foram mantidos sob anestesia com isoflurano em 1,3V por cento e mantidos em ventilação mecânica, ciclada a pressão. Em seguida, foi induzida a hipovolemia por meio da retirada de 30ml kg-1 de sangue da artéria femoral. Após 60 minutos da estabilização do paciente, os tratamentos foram iniciados. No grupo hidroxietilamido (GH, n=06), os animais receberam, como reposição volêmica, o hidroxietilamido 130/0,4 no mesmo volume de sangue retirado e, no grupo sangue (GS, n=06), os animais receberam o próprio sangue retirado, sendo considerado grupo controle. A pressão arterial sistólica, a diastólica e a média e a pressão venosa central aumentaram após a reposição volêmica em ambos os grupos. Observou-se, para o GH, aumento da PaCO2 no T15, no T30 e no T60. Houve redução do pH no T30 e no T45 e de íons Na+ no T90 para GH. A restauração das pressões arteriais com a administração de HES 130/0,4 foi similar ao grupo controle. A reposição volêmica com HES 130/0,4 produz aumento acentuado da PVC; e o uso do HES 130/0,4 em gatas submetidas à hipovolemia não produziu alterações clinicamente significativas no equilíbrio ácido-básico.
The aim of this study was to compare the volemic expansion effects produced by hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES 130/0.4) or blood, in female cats with induced hypovolemia. Twelve healthy adult female cats, crossbreed and weighing an average of 2.85±0.28kg were used. They were induced into general anesthesia with isofluorane at 5V percent, intubated and connected to a non-rebreathing system. After instrumentation, the animals were maintained under anesthesia with isofluorane at 1.3V percent and maintained on pressure cycled mechanic ventilation. Afterwards, hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of 30ml kg-1 of blood from the femoral artery. After 60 minutes of stabilization of the patient, the treatments were initiated. In the hydroxyethyl starch group (GH, n=06) the animals received hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 as volemic expansion at the same volume of blood withdrawed, in the blood group (GS, n=06) the animals received their own withdrawed blood, being considered the control group. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures and central venous pressure increased after volemic expansion in both groups. An increase of PaCO2 at T15, T30 and T60 in GH was observed. In addition, there was reduction of pH at T30 and T45 and Na+ ions at T90 in GH. The arterial pressure restoration with the use of HES 130/0.4 was similar to the control group; the volemic expansion with HES 130/0,4 produces accentuated increase of CVP; the use of HES 130/0,4 in female cats submitted to hypovolemia did not produce clinically significant alterations in acid-base equilibrium.
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Animales , Femenino , Gatos , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/efectos adversos , Hipovolemia/inducido químicamente , Hipovolemia/veterinaria , Metabolismo , Sistema Cardiovascular , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga/veterinariaAsunto(s)
Médula Ósea/fisiopatología , Hematoma Subdural/inducido químicamente , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Médula Ósea/patología , Hematoma Subdural/diagnóstico , Hematoma Subdural/patología , Hemofilia A/etiología , Hemofilia A/terapia , Humanos , Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/administración & dosificación , Lactante , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Sustitutos del Plasma/administración & dosificación , RecurrenciaRESUMEN
Intravenous albumin infusion prevents complications after large-volume paracentesis (LVP), particularly paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction (PCD), and improves patient survival. However, albumin is expensive. We compared a low-molecular weight dextran (Dextran-40) with albumin in treating LVP in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites. Sixty-nine cirrhotic patients were included and 96 LVPs were performed. Any repeat punctures on the same patient were at least three months apart. Patients were randomized to receive either i.v. Dextran-40 infusion (Group I, n = 48) or i.v. albumin infusion after LVP (Group II, n = 48). Clinical, biochemical, and hormonal evaluations were done before and after LVP. Patients were followed up for the detection of any recurrence of ascites or complications. The two groups were similar in age, sex, and etiology of cirrhosis, and in the volumes of ascites recovered. Significant decreases in mean arterial pressure were observed in both groups 24 and 48 h after LVP. Urine volumes increased significantly at 24 h in both groups (p < 0.05), but remained high only in Group I. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations increased in both groups 48 h after LVP, but they were more marked in Group I. Complications developed in 17 % of patients treated with Dextran-40 and in 23 % treated with albumin (p > 0.05). Ascites recurrence rates and survival were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, Dextran-40 was thus not as efficacious as albumin for preventing PCD.
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Albúminas/administración & dosificación , Ascitis/etiología , Ascitis/terapia , Dextranos/administración & dosificación , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Paracentesis/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Albúminas/efectos adversos , Aldosterona/sangre , Ascitis/prevención & control , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Dextranos/efectos adversos , Diuresis/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Recurrencia , Renina/sangre , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Dextran 40 is largely used in clinical medicine as a plasma substitute because of its beneficial effects on the microcirculation and antithrombogenic properties. An unusual adverse reaction of dextran administration is oligoanuric acute renal failure. We report two cases of anuric ARF induced by dextran 40. Diuresis and renal function were quickly resumed after plasma-pheresis treatment. Renal biopsy revealed normal kidneys except for swelling and vacuolation of renal tubules suggestive of osmotic nephrosis.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Anuria/inducido químicamente , Dextranos/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Anciano , Anuria/diagnóstico , Anuria/terapia , Dextranos/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Trastornos de la Audición/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sustitutos del Plasma/uso terapéutico , PlasmaféresisRESUMEN
A preocupaçao constante com as complicaçoes advindas da transfusao indiscriminada de sangue, notadamente as doenças transmissíveis e também a falta de uma reserva sangüínea razoável para uma reposiçao emergencial, fizeram com que houvesse um grande impulso no sentido de se buscar uma soluçao alternativa para as perdas sangüíneas e plasmáticas. O objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma revisao sobre as soluçoes em uso com esta finalidade, seus aspectos fisiopatológicos, complicaçoes e restriçoes ao seu emprego.