RESUMEN
Las economías globalizadas de mercado conllevan consecuencias de inequidad social basadas en la privatización de sectores laborales y productivos donde los sujetos se involucran en modos singulares de concebirse y construir la realidad. Propone el psicoanálisis lacaniano que el discurso capitalista deshace el lazo social, al obrar con una lógica que consiste en gozar del consumo que supone felicidad. El neoliberalismo promueve un sistema aparentemente horizontal que incorpora las capacidades empoderadas del sujeto promoviéndolo a ser emprendedor y, por tanto, convirtiendo a cada uno en gestor de su propio bienestar pero impedidos para forjar lazos solidarios. No porque el sujeto pueda consumir más, queda desprovisto de su falta constitutiva; paradójicamente, la subjetividad neoliberal reproduce incesantemente un vacío que socava el reconocimiento de las diferencias del otro
Globalized market economies entail consequences of social inequality, based on the privatization of labor and productive sectors, where subjects engage in unique ways of conceiving and constructing reality. Lacanian psychoanalysis proposes that capitalist discourse undoes the social bond, by acting with a logic that consists in enjoying the consumption that supposes happiness. Neoliberalism promotes an apparently horizontal system that incorporates the empowered capacities of the subject by promoting him to be an entrepreneur and, therefore, turning each one into a manager of his own well-being, but prevented from forging solidarity ties. Not because the subject can consume more, he is devoid of his constitutive lack; paradoxically, neoliberal subjectivity incessantly reproduces a vacuum that undermines the recognition of each other's differences.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Interacción Social , Satisfacción Personal , Capitalismo , Sujetos de Investigación/psicologíaRESUMEN
Na contemporaneidade, acirram-se os efeitos estruturais do mal-estar da civilização discutidos por Freud. Nos deteremos naquele que advém da relação com o próximo. Quando a pulsão de morte reproduz uma forma de insatisfação reiterada, o tratamento desse excesso pode recair sobre o corpo do outro que guarda uma diferença de gozo. A maneira como o gozo íntimo ganha forma de estrangeiro habitando, como o pior, o próximo, configura uma suposição de suspeita que sustenta um modo de laço social. Lacan chega a falar que, na matriz de toda fraternidade, está a segregação. Formamos comunidades de gozo e excluímos toda a forma diferente de satisfação que nos ameace. Na atualidade, com o acúmulo do capital, aliado aos efeitos do avanço científico, algo se modificou no laço social e produziu, dessa matriz, uma nova gramática de inimigo, que denominamos sujeito suposto suspeito como um dos nomes do pior. Contra essa lógica, a emancipação e as saídas possíveis que a psicanálise aponta para uma vida em-comum, na solidão da responsabilidade do gozo de cada um, dizem respeito às soluções éticas que enfrentam, desde dentro, todo o idealismo superegóico.
In contemporary times, the structural effects discussed by Freud in the malaise of civilization are intensified. We will dwell on what comes from the relationship with the neighbor. When the death drive reproduces a form of repeated dissatisfaction, the treatment for this excess can fall on the body of the other who has a different satisfaction. The way intimate satisfaction takes shape as a foreigner inhabiting, like the worst, the neighbor, determines an assumption of suspicion that supports a mode of social bonding. Lacan even says that segregation is in the matrix of all fraternity. We create communities of satisfaction and exclude any different form of enjoyment that threatens us. Currently, the accumulation of capital mixed with the effects of scientific advancement brought changes to social bonding and produced, from this matrix, a new grammar for what's enemy. Suspected subject is a naming for the worse. Against this logic, the emancipation and the possible solutions that psychoanalysis suggests for a life in common, in the solitude and responsibility of each one's satisfaction, concerns the ethical solutions that face, from within, all the superegoic idealism.
En los tiempos contemporáneos, los efectos estructurales del malestar de la civilización discutidos por Freud se intensifican. Nos detendremos en el que proviene de la relación con los demás. Cuando el pulsion de la muerte reproduce una forma de insatisfacción repetida, el tratamiento de este exceso puede recaer en el cuerpo del otro, que tiene una diferencia de goce. El goce íntimo es proyectado como extranjero habitando en el prójimo, como si encarnara lo peor que proyectaba sobre él, configura una presunción de sospecha que sustenta un modo de vínculo social. Lacan llega al extremo de decir que la segregación está en el corazón de cada fraternidad. Formamos comunidades de goce y excluimos cualquier forma diferente de satisfacción que nos amenace. Hoy en día, con la acumulación de capital, combinada con los efectos del avance científico, algo ha cambiado en el vínculo social y ha producido, a partir de esta matriz, una nueva gramática del enemigo, que llamamos el sujeto supuesto sospechoso como uno de los nombres de lo peor. Contra esta lógica, la emancipación y las posibles soluciones que apunta el psicoanálisis en una vida común, en la soledad de la responsabilidad del goce de cada uno, conciernen a las soluciones éticas que enfrentan, desde adentro, todo idealismo superegoico.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Odio , Psicoanálisis/ética , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Relaciones InterpersonalesRESUMEN
En el siguiente trabajo se intentará realizar un recorrido sobre las diferentes consideraciones del "cuerpo" para la teoría psicoanalítica, buscando diferenciarlas de la conceptualización que sostiene el discurso de la ciencia. Desde una perspectiva clínica con orientación psicoanalítica freudiana-lacaniana, se realizarán las caracterizaciones necesarias y posibles de los diferentes cuerpos que el psicoanálisis intenta abordar en su práctica; intentando así demostrar que hay un cuerpo que se ubica mucho más allá del campo de universales que sostiene el discurso científico
The following paper is an attempt to review the different conceptualizations of the 'body' for the psychoanalytical theory, seeking to point out the differences that this concept has for the medical discourse. From a clinical Freudian Lacanian perspective, there will be performed the necessary and possible characterizations of the different issues the psychoanalysis seeks to adress in its practice; thus, trying to demonstrate there's a body located beyond the universal field supported by the scientific discourse
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Psicoanálisis , Ciencia , Sujetos de Investigación/psicologíaRESUMEN
To assess potential barriers and facilitators to participation in bio-behavioural surveillance surveys of men who have sex with men and transgender women (trans women) in Jamaica, we recruited participants for individual interviews and focus group discussions. Respondents included 3 trans women; 46 gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men; and 3 cis gender women. Data from 46 men and 3 trans women were analysed to describe barriers and facilitators to participation in research. Barriers identified were: lack of perceived benefits from research participation due to high socioeconomic status; concerns about confidentiality and unintended disclosure; HIV fatigue and fear of knowing one's HIV status; distrustful inter-group dynamics; and undesirable study location and hours. Facilitators to participation in research were: belonging to a marginalised subgroup of men who have sex with men or trans women; incentives; and trust in researchers and community input in planning the study. Findings emphasise the need to understand the individual, interpersonal and structural factors that shape relationships, disclosure and interactions to successfully enrol diverse samples of men who have sex with men and trans women.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Conductal , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Selección de Paciente , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Minorías Sexuales y de Género/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In clinical trials, pregnant women are potentially vulnerable, and the fetus is exposed to the intervention. This study aimed to identify the reasons that led pregnant women at a high risk of premature delivery to participate in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: The women participating in the main trial were contacted by telephone postpartum and invited to answer an open questionnaire in a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by telephone and analyzed using thematic analysis. After the analysis categories were defined, all the answers were reviewed, categorized and grouped. A descriptive summary of the content of each category was then made. RESULTS: Overall, 208 women from different geographical regions of the country agreed to participate. Four categories were identified: 1) The risk of losing the baby; 2) A previous experience of premature delivery; 3) The role of the doctor and other health professionals, and 4) The availability of quality medical care and free medication. The main reason given for agreeing to participate was to reduce the risks associated with the baby being born prematurely, particularly when the woman herself or someone close to her had already experienced premature delivery. Other reasons were having received clear guidance and explanations from the doctor regarding prematurity and about the study and being given the opportunity to receive free treatment with greater access to the public healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: The decision to participate in a clinical trial is not easy, particularly when the individual is vulnerable and in a critical situation as in the case of a pregnant woman at a high risk of delivering prematurely. Fears and uncertainties regarding the pregnancy outcome, as well as the woman's previous experiences and her awareness of the actual risks she faces will affect her decision regarding whether or not to participate. Recruitment challenges could be overcome by ensuring that the research team provides adequate information and support, thus creating a bond with participants that would foster a sense of safety and trust in the study proposals.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Nacimiento Prematuro/psicología , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Toma de Decisiones , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/prevención & control , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Targeted Evaluation Action and Monitoring of Traumatic Brain Injury (TEAM-TBI) is a monitored, multiple interventional research identifying clinical profiles and assigns individualized, evidence-based treatment program. The objective of the current study was to assess overall participant satisfaction of the multi-disciplinary care team and approach. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2017, 90 participants completed the 4-day TEAM-TBI clinical intake evaluation resulting in individualized treatment recommendations followed by a six-month intervention phase follow-up. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-60, history of chronic TBI (>6 months post-injury) with refractory clinical sequelae at screening (Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS] score >30). RESULTS: A total of 85/90 (94%) participants completed the survey at baseline focusing on intake evaluation and approach; 90% of eligible participants also completed the follow-up time-point. Hundred percent of participants had a mean score of >4 across all questions at the initial time point." CONCLUSIONS: The multi-disciplinary care approach and individualized treatment plans of the TEAM-TBI study yielded high participant retention and satisfaction scores. The Clinical Coach component of the trial was one of the highest rated aspects of the program and was associated with participant motivation and high retention rates.
Asunto(s)
Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/métodos , Selección de Paciente , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Adulto , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/normas , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Satisfacción Personal , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Sujetos de Investigación/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The rapid increase of industry-sponsored clinical research towards developing countries has led to potentially complex ethical issues to assess. There is scarce evidence about the perception of these participants about the ethical compliance, security, and protection. We sought to evaluate and contrast the awareness and perception of participants and non-participants of industry-sponsored research trials (ISRT) on ethical, safety, and protection topics. METHODS: A Cases-control survey conducted at twelve research sites in México. Previous and current participants of ISRT (cases) as well as non-participants (controls) with one of four chronic diseases, were asked to complete the survey which focused on ethical compliance and protection issues of ISRT, and the perception of participating in a trial. RESULTS: A total of 604 cases and 604 controls were surveyed. Cases significantly answered that ethics committees are aware of what is happening in studies (50.5% vs. 33.8%, P = ≤ 0.001), and that medical care of industry-sponsored research trials is better than their usual medical care (77.2% vs. 38.2%, P = < 0.001). The same proportion of cases and controls thought patients must receive economical reimbursement for participating in a research study (49.5% vs. 53.1%, P = 0.205). The informed consent of the pharmaceutical clinical trial was fully read by 90.4% of the cases. Most cases were satisfied or very satisfied with their overall study participation (35.6 and 62.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Previous and current participants of industry-sponsored research trials have a more positive attitude towards ethics committees, the quality of medical care of the research trials, and the main purpose of economical reimbursements, when compared to non-participants.
Asunto(s)
Concienciación , Industria Farmacéutica , Comités de Ética en Investigación , Experimentación Humana/ética , Consentimiento Informado/ética , Sujetos de Investigación/educación , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Conflicto de Intereses/legislación & jurisprudencia , Industria Farmacéutica/ética , Industria Farmacéutica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Revisión Ética , Femenino , Guías como Asunto , Experimentación Humana/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Consentimiento Informado/legislación & jurisprudencia , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Racial/ethnic minorities, rural populations, and those with low socioeconomic status income are underrepresented in research in the United States (U.S.). Assessing preferences for recruitment, participation, and the role of beliefs about biomedical research in specific and unique underserved communities represents a potentially critical step in reducing barriers to biomedical research participation. We developed a culturally informed survey to measure factors related to participation, knowledge, expectations, and barriers to biomedical research participation among Latinos living in a U.S. border community. We employed a multidisciplinary team approach to a sequential, three-phase qualitative study that included interviews ( n = 35), focus groups ( n =24), and "think-aloud" cognitive interviews ( n = 5). Our study demonstrates the value of applying multiple qualitative approaches to inform a culturally relevant quantitative survey incorporating words and constructs relevant to the population of interest. The study contributes to qualitative method research paradigms by developing a research protocol that integrates the expertise and perspectives of researchers and community members from multiple disciplines and institutions.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica/organización & administración , Competencia Cultural , Selección de Paciente , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , México , Investigación Cualitativa , Proyectos de Investigación , Factores Socioeconómicos , Confianza , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional resistance training (RT) versus high velocity RT (HVRT) on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women. METHODS: Fifteen elderly women (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.1±6.9 years) classified as having hypertension stage 1 or 2 were randomly allocated to complete traditional RT or HVRT; 1 week later, subjects allocated to RT completed the HVRT session and vice-versa. Heart rate, blood pressure, affective response, perceived effort, and blood samples analyzing lactate, nitrate, nitrite, oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) collected before and after training sessions were assessed. Nutritional counseling was provided regarding nutrients that could affect cardiovascular and nitrate/nitrite analysis. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 30 minutes after sessions. Diastolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and heart rate were not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 45 minutes after sessions. Nitric oxide was significantly higher (p<0.0005) for HVRT compared to RT after 30 minutes of exercise. TBARS and TEAC were significantly higher (p<0.05) for HVRT compared with RT only immediately after exercise. There were no differences for psychophysiological variables between protocols. CONCLUSION: The acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses, including oxidative stress, are transient and within normal values. Taken together with the positive affective responses, both HVRT and RT with this intensity and volume seem to be safe for elderly hypertensive women under medication.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Cardiovascular , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Hipertensión , Metabolismo/fisiología , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico , Estrés Oxidativo , PercepciónRESUMEN
The informed consent comprehension process is key to engaging potential research subject participation. The aim of this study is to compare informed consent comprehension between two methods: standard and video-delivered. We compared the in-person and video-delivered informed consent process in the Familias Unidas intervention. We evaluated comprehension using a 7-item true/false questionnaire. There were a total of 152 participants in the control group and 87 in the experimental. General characteristics were similar between both groups (p > 0.05). First-attempt informed consent comprehension was higher in the intervention group but was not statistically significant (80% and 78% respectively p = 0.44). A video-delivered informed consent process did not differ from the standard method of informed consent in a low educational and socioeconomic environment.
Asunto(s)
Comprensión , Familia/psicología , Consentimiento Informado/normas , Poblaciones Vulnerables/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Ecuador , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Características de la Residencia , Factores Socioeconómicos , Grabación de Cinta de VideoRESUMEN
Este artículo desarrolla varios fundamentos de la psicología junguiana desde las elaboraciones directas de su creador, el psicólogo suizo Carl Gustav Jung, perspectiva también llamada, por muchos psicólogos de esta teoría, psicología compleja. A la par aquí se exponen algunas ideas claves referentes al pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin, cuyo sustento es derivado del paradigma de la complejidad. En este ejercicio se encuentran pautas que podrían brindar un sustento epistemológico a algunos conceptos junguianos proponiendo, a su vez, otra mirada a esta corriente psicológica. Así, tal como lo propuso Jung, se entiende que el reconocimiento de las profundidades inconscientes es tan necesario para el sujeto como el entendimiento de su consciente y la dinámica entre ambos.
This article develops several foundations of the Jungian psychology from the direct elaborations of its creator the Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung, perspective also called, by many psychologists of this theory, like complex psychology. At the same time, some key ideas regarding Edgar Morin's complex thinking are presented, whose sustenance is derived from the complexity paradigm. In this exercise are found guidelines that could provide an epistemological support to some Jungian concepts, proposing, in turn, another look at this psychological current. Thus, as Jung proposed, it is understood that the recognition of the unconscious depths is as necessary for the subject as the understanding of his conscious and the dynamics between both. Recalling that, according to the complex thinking, it is in the concurrence, from where a more real approach towards the understanding of the systems is possible. It is understood then that the unconscious should not be explored exclusively in relation to that which afflicts the subject, as a repetition (circular), but also as to its creative facet unconscious that with the help of consciousness, it becomes recursive (spiral) and source of healing.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Teoría Junguiana , Psicoterapia , Inconsciente en Psicología , Sujetos de Investigación/psicologíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the implications of the number of samples per panelist in experimental precision and relative efficiency of treatment comparisons when modelling order effects for Dulce de Leche samples using a Sudoku design. Precision is defined as small variance and relative efficiency is defined as smaller variance than other alternative. Both are related to increasing discrimination power. A series of 8 Sudoku 16×16 squares being 4 randomized independently and 4 others in the reverse order, was designed to allow a linear model fitting to experiments of different sizes (orders 1 to 4, 1 to 8, 1 to 12 and 1 to 16). Data from 112 panelists were kept. Responses were recorded using a nine-point hedonic scale. Data was analyzed using a mixed linear model panelist, order and treatment (sample) effects. Analysis has shown a pronounced order effect, showing a first sample effect overestimation. Moreover, it was noted that order effect was rather evidenced in the first four orders, making for a relatively more precise experiment than the ones using remaining samples. Therefore, the use of Sudoku can be a convenient strategy to organize smaller testing sessions that could result in efficient experiments, with small variance of the estimated averages or effects and needing a lot less panelists to make a design as efficient as the large one used. Moreover, Sudoku can also inspire an efficient design that allows different test sessions.
Asunto(s)
Juicio , Proyectos de Investigación , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Percepción del Gusto , Gusto , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a relação entre cultura da avaliação e processos de subjetivação, no campo da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo teórico sobre o tema, que trabalha aspectos históricos e conceituais da ascensão da cultura de avaliação nas sociedades contemporâneas, particularmente no setor saúde; e faz uma revisão analítica dos argumentos que circunscrevem as controvérsias que os temas da avaliação e subjetividade têm suscitado na saúde pública e fora dela, em diálogo com as contribuições de Foucault. A literatura nacional do setor da saúde é mais receptiva do que a literatura internacional nas ciências humanas. A interpretação mais corrente, em geral, é que a avaliação é um dos instrumentos de governo ou de gestão. A maior crítica é que levaria os trabalhadores a se preocuparem apenas com o que está colocado pelos indicadores, abdicando de uma interpretação mais ampliada da própria atividade. Há uma compreensão comum de que as práticas avaliativas têm por objetivo produzir mudanças subjetivas, mas também produzem efeitos subjetivos não previstos. Quanto ao desenho desses efeitos de subjetivação, há largo espectro de pontos de vista, que vão desde o fomento a subjetivações comprometidas com a mudança permanente, ao constrangimento da subjetividade e à produção dos "eus calculáveis". Acompanhando o pensamento de Foucault, podemos reconhecer tanto efeitos de submetimento, quanto efeitos de protagonismo no uso da avaliação. O segundo caso pode levar ao aperfeiçoamento autogerido dos processos de trabalhoou à criação de espaços estratégicos nas relações de poder.
The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between evaluation culture and subjectivation processes in the field of health. This is a theoretical study on the subject, which works on historical and conceptual aspects of the rise of the evaluation culture in contemporary societies, particularly in the health sector; we have done an analytical review on the arguments that circumscribe the controversies that the themes of evaluation and subjectivity have raised in public health and beyond, in dialogue with Foucault's contributions. The national literature in the health sector is more receptive than the international literature in the human sciences. The most common interpretation, in general, is that evaluation is one of the instruments of governanceor management. The major criticism is that it would lead workers to worry only about what is set by the indicators, giving up a broader interpretation of the activity itself. There is a common understanding that evaluative practices aim to produce subjective changes, but also produce unanticipated subjective effects. As for the design of these effects of subjectivation, there is a wide spectrum of points of view, ranging from the development to subjectivities committed to permanent change, to the constraint of subjectivity and to the production of "calculable selves". Along with Foucault's thinking, we can recognize both subjecting effects and the protagonism effects in the use of evaluation. The later, can lead to the self-improvement of work processes or the creation of strategic spaces in power relations.
El propósito de este artículo es discutir la relación entre la cultura de la evaluación y los procesos de subjetivación en el campo de la salud. Se trata de un estudio teórico sobre el tema, que investiga aspectos históricos y conceptuales del aumento de la cultura de la evaluación en las sociedades contemporáneas, especialmente en el sector de la salud; y realiza una revisión analítica de los argumentos que circunscriben las controversias que los temas de evaluación y subjetividad han planteado a la salud pública y a otras áreas, en diálogo con las contribuciones de Foucault. La literatura nacional del sector es más receptiva que la literatura internacional en las ciencias humanas. La interpretación más común, es que la evaluación es uno de los instrumentos de gobierno o de gestión. La mayor crítica es que los trabajadores sólo se preocupan por lo que establecen los indicadores, renuncian a una interpretación más amplia de la actividad en sí. Hay un entendimiento común de que las prácticas de evaluación pretenden producir cambios subjetivos, pero producen efectos subjetivos que no están previstos. En cuanto al diseño de estos efectos de subjetivación, hay un amplio espectro de puntos de vista, que van desde la promoción hasta las subjetivaciones comprometidas con el cambio permanente, al constreñimiento de la subjetividad y a la producción de los "yos calculables." Siguiendo el pensamiento de Foucault, podemos reconocer tanto los efectos de sometimiento, como los efectos de protagonismo en el uso de la evaluación. El segundo caso puede conducir a la creación de espacios estratégicos en las relaciones de poder.
Asunto(s)
Evaluación de Procesos, Atención de Salud , Cultura , Seguridad , Sociedades , Poder Psicológico , Salud Pública , Autonomía Personal , Atención a la Salud , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Humanidades/psicología , LiteraturaRESUMEN
Judith Butler se apropria de vários conceitos da psicanálise, mas não explora o estranho (Unheimliche) freudiano.Trata-se, aqui, de investigar a função política desse conceito, considerando que a norma o converte em abjeção, como em casos de homofobia e transfobia. No encontro entre um sujeito cujo semblante sexuado é estruturado dentro da hegemonia heterossexual e um sujeito com semblante abjeto, o primeiro espera ver i(a), um outro-espelho de sua imagem narcísica, mas se defronta com a, o estranho abismo do desejo do Outro. Com Lacan, esse Unheimlicheé produtor de angústia no eu do sujeito, o que faz vacilar suas identificações em uma experiência de indeterminação. Porém, nossas formas de vida sustentam ficções identitárias demasiado rígidas, que convertem essa angústia do indeterminado em medo e violência. Em certos casos de homofobia e transfobia, um sujeito com semblante normalizado vivencia de maneira improdutiva a ameaça de dissolução do seu eu frente a um estranho que é tido como abjeto, inumano, monstruoso. Torna-se crucial pensar formas de vida em que experiências de indeterminação possam ser vividas de maneira produtiva, em que identificações sejam mais porosas em relação àquilo que não se reduz à forma determinada de um eu.
Here we investigate the political function of the Unheimliche, considering it as converted, through the norm, into abjection in certain cases of homophobia and transphobia. In some of these cases, normalized subjects experience the menace of dissolution of their ego as unproductive, when confronted to uncanniness, read as inhuman, monstrous. The subjective circuit of the abject-uncanny triggers anxiety, which in turn causes identitary vacillation and points to an experience of indeterminacy. Thus, we point toforms of life in which indeterminacycan be lived productively.
Se trata de investigar la función política del Unheimlichefreudiano, considerándolo como siendo convertido, por la norma, para la forma de abyección, en ciertos casos de homofobia y transfobia. En algunos de esos casos, un sujeto con semblante normalizado vivencia de modo improductivo la amenaza de disolución de su yo frente a un extraño visto como inhumano, monstruoso. El circuito subjetivo del extraño-abyecto dispara la angustia, vacilando las identificaciones y apuntando para una experiencia de indeterminación. Así, esbozamos formas de vida en que la indeterminación pueda ser vivida productivamente sin generar miedo o violencia.
Asunto(s)
Política , Performatividad de Género , Psicoanálisis , Sexo , Violencia/psicología , Heterosexualidad/psicología , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Homofobia , Transfobia , Teoría Freudiana , Distrés Psicológico , Identidad de GéneroRESUMEN
AIMS: Describe stepwise strategies (electronic chart review, patient preselection, call-center, personnel dedicated to recruitment) for the successful recruitment of >5000 type 2 diabetes patients in four months. METHODS: Twenty-five family medicine clinics from Mexico City and the State of Mexico participated: 13 usual care, 6 specialized diabetes care and 6 chronic disease care. Appointments were scheduled from 11/3/2015 to 3/31/2016. Phone calls were generated automatically from an electronic database. A telephone questionnaire verified inclusion criteria, and scheduled an appointment, with a daily report of appointments, patient attendance, acceptance rate, and questionnaire completeness. Another recruitment log reviewed samples collected. Absolute number (percentage) of patients are reported. Means and standard deviations were estimated for continuous variables, χ2 test and independent "t" tests were used. OR and 95% CI were estimated. RESULTS: 14,358 appointments were scheduled, 9146 (63.7%) attended their appointment: 5710 (62.4%) fulfilled inclusion criteria and 5244 agreed to participate (91.8% acceptance). Those accepting participation were more likely women, younger and with longer disease duration (p<0.05). The cost of the call-center service was $3,010,000.00 Mexican pesos (â¼$31.70 USD per recruited patient). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise strategies recruit a high number of patients in a short time. Call centers offer a low cost per patient.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Selección de Paciente , Sujetos de Investigación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Citas y Horarios , Centrales de Llamados , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes no Presentados , Oportunidad Relativa , Participación del Paciente , Estudios Prospectivos , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Tamaño de la Muestra , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Teléfono , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
While medical research ethics guidelines frame participants as individual and autonomous, anthropologists emphasize the relational nature of health research participation. I analyze interviews with Mexican male HPV study participants and their wives to examine how research participants themselves focus on relationships when imagining research-related benefits. I argue that couples incorporated the local trope of the Mexican citizenry as a biologically homogeneous national body, which individual members help or harm through their gendered health behavior to understand these benefits. I use the concept of "ethical intercorporeality" to discuss spouses' understandings of themselves as parts of bio-social wholes-the couple, family, and society-that they believed men's research participation could aid both physically and socially. This finding extends the insight that focusing on relationships rather than individuals is necessary for understanding the consequences of medical research by showing how participants themselves might apply this perspective in context-specific ways.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica/ética , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud/etnología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/etnología , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Antropología Médica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnología , PapillomaviridaeRESUMEN
Este texto parte da constatação, na história das ciências e na filosofia, da precariedade de nossas ferramentas sensoriais e cognitivas na apreensão da essência dos objetos e da consequente importância de se estudar com cuidado a maneira como se tentará essa apreensão. Fazendo uso de conceitos psicanalíticos, trabalha as dificuldades e a ilusão que sustentam as discussões metodológicas e as repercussões dessas discussões, principalmente no campo das ciências que lidam com a subjetividade, seja esta referente a um único indivíduo ou a uma coletividade. Inicialmente abordando a psicanálise, propõe que o método desta corresponde à transferência, o que realça a ambiguidade do método, já que esta tanto é aquilo que viabiliza o processo como também o que se apresenta como seu maior obstáculo. A resistência, nesse sentido, tanto do analista quanto do analisante, seria o sinal mais evidente da faceta de encarceramento que o método representa para a emergência do sujeito, que é o objetivo principal do processo. Aventa-se, então, que esta discussão possa ser extrapolada para as ciências humanas em geral, em que dificuldades similares poderiam ser encontradas. No final, em consonância com o antropólogo Viveiros de Castro, propõe uma metodologia que se processe em movimento, em transformação, em que a essência do que se busca encontra-se na novidade que faz vacilar o método utilizado.
This text is based on the confirmation, in the history of sciences and philosophy, about the substandard condition of our sensorial and cognitive tools for apprehension of the essence of the objects and the consequent importance of carefully studying the way you try this apprehension. Using psychoanalytic concepts, it considers the difficulties and the illusion which sustain the methodological discussions and the impacts of those discussions, mainly in the field of the sciences that address the subjectivity, referring to a single individual or to the collective. Initially addressing the psychoanalysis, the work proposes that its method corresponds to the transfer, which emphasizes ambiguity of the method, as it is both what enables the process and also what is presented as its greater obstacle. The resistance, in this sense, both from the analyst and from the analyzer would be the most evident sign of the character of imprisonment that the method represents for the emergency of the subject, which is the main purpose of the process. Hence, we consider that this discussion could be extrapolated to the general human sciences, where similar hindrances could be found. In the end, compliant with the anthropologist Viveiros de Castro, a methodology is proposed which should be processed in movement, in transformation, where the essence of what is sought is found on the novelty that causes the applied method to become uncertain.
Este texto parte de la constatación, en la historia de las ciencias y en la filosofía, de la precariedad de nuestras herramientas sensoriales y cognitivas en la aprehensión de la esencia de los objetos, y la consecuente importancia de estudiar, cuidadosamente, la forma en que se intenta esta aprehensión. Utilizando conceptos psicoanalíticos, trabaja las dificultades y la ilusión que sostienen las discusiones metodológicas, y las repercusiones de esas discusiones, principalmente en el campo de las ciencias que lidian con la subjetividad, ya sea ésta referente a un único individuo, ya sea a una colectividad. Inicialmente abordando el psicoanálisis, propone que el método de ésta corresponde a la transferencia, lo que realza la ambigüedad del método, una vez que ésta tanto es aquello que viabiliza el proceso, como también lo que se presenta como su mayor obstáculo. La resistencia, en este sentido, tanto del analista, cuando del analizado, sería la señal más evidente de la peculiaridad de encarcelamiento que el método representa para la emergencia del sujeto, que es el objetivo principal del proceso. Se sugiere, así, que esa discusión pueda ser extrapolada para las ciencias humanas en general, donde dificultades similares podrían ser encontradas. Al final, en consonancia con el antropólogo Viveiros de Castro, propone una metodología que se procese en movimiento, en transformación, donde la esencia de aquello que se busca se encuentra en la novedad que lleva a estremecer el método utilizado.
Asunto(s)
Psicoanálisis , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , Metodología como un Tema , Filosofía/historia , Ciencia/historia , HumanidadesRESUMEN
En este artículo nos abocaremos al estudio de los esquemas de la división construidos por Lacan durante el Seminario X (1962-1963), los que analizaremos en su relación con los desarrollos de Kierkegaard presentes en El concepto de la angustia (1844a). En particular, nos centraremos en la noción de salto cualitativo; salto sin mediación por el que, en medio de la angustia, el individuo introduce el pecado y pone así el espíritu. Las tres hipótesis que nos guiarán serán las siguientes: 1) Los desarrollos de Kierkegaard sobre la libertad y la angustia inciden sobre la concepción de Lacan de sujeto como sujeto dividido y del deseo como deseo del Otro; 2) De la concepción lacaniana de sujeto y deseo se siguen concepciones implícitas de libertad y determinación; 3) Dicho modo de concebir sujeto, deseo, libertad y determinación presenta consecuencias para la dirección de la cura, por fundamentarse ésta en aquellas.
In this article, we focus on the study of the three schemes of the division built by Lacan throughout his Seminary X (1962-1963), which we analyse in their relation to Kierkegaard'developments present in The concept of Angst (1844a). In particular, we focus on the notion of qualitative leap; leap without mediation, by the means of which, in the middle of angst, the subject introduces sin and posits thus the spirit. The three main hypothesis which guide us are the following: 1) Kierkegaard's developments on freedom and angst have an impact on Lacan's conception of the subject as divided and of desire as desire of the Other; 2) From Lacan's conception of subject and desire, implicit conceptions of freedom and determination are derived; 3) This way of conceiving subject, desire, freedom and determination presents consequences to the direction of the cure, for it is based on those.
Asunto(s)
Estrés Psicológico , Sujetos de Investigación/psicología , LibertadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perceived coercion (PC) of noninstitutionalized elderly patients undergoing research for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted with 1,112 elderly individuals aged 60 or older, enrolled in the Family Health Programme of the municipality of Areia, State of Paraíba, Brazil, from January to June 2013. The data collection tool was the Perceived Coercion Scale (PSC). RESULTS: The participants were predominantly women (62.5%) in the 60 to 69 age group (45.9%), illiterate (57.9% percent), married or in a common law marriage (54.1%), retired (83.6%), and receiving a monthly income under the minimum wage (72.0%). The average overall PC was 1.25+ 1.15 and Trend 1 (41,4%). There was a difference between the group of individuals who were literate, married and in a common law marriage and the members of the other groups. CONCLUSION: Results showed that the elderly patients were minimally coerced when deciding whether to participate in research for diagnosing temporomandibular joint dysfunction. They also revealed a significant association of PC with literacy and marital status.