RESUMEN
Dental plaque is a biofilm composed of a complex oral microbial community. The accumulation of plaque in the pit and fissures of dental elements often leads to the development of tooth decay (dental caries). Here, potent anti-biofilm materials were developed by incorporating zinc methacrylates or di-n-butyl-dimethacrylate-tin into the light-curable sealant and their physical, mechanical, and biological properties were evaluated. The data revealed that 5% di-n-butyl-dimethacrylate-tin (SnM 5%) incorporated sealant showed strong anti-biofilm efficacy against various single-species (Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus oralis or Candida albicans) and S. mutans-C. albicans cross-kingdom dual-species biofilms without either impairing the mechanical properties of the sealant or causing cytotoxicities against mouse fibroblasts. The findings indicate that the incorporation of SnM 5% in the experimental pit and fissure self-adhesive sealant may have the potential to be part of current chemotherapeutic strategies to prevent the formation of cariogenic oral biofilms that cause dental caries.
Asunto(s)
Adhesivos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/farmacología , Zinc/química , Adhesivos/química , Animales , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Caries Dental/microbiología , Humanos , Metacrilatos/química , Ratones , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Selladores de Fosas y Fisuras/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus oralis/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus oralis/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The fungus Candida albicans is carried orally and causes a range of superficial infections that may become systemic. Oral bacteria Actinomyces oris and Streptococcus oralis are abundant in early dental plaque and on oral mucosa. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanisms by which S. oralis and A. oris interact with each other and with C. albicans in biofilm development. Spatial distribution of microorganisms was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy of biofilms labeled by differential fluorescence or by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Actinomyces oris and S. oralis formed robust dual-species biofilms, or three-species biofilms with C. albicans. The bacterial components tended to dominate the lower levels of the biofilms while C. albicans occupied the upper levels. Non-fimbriated A. oris was compromised in biofilm formation in the absence or presence of streptococci, but was incorporated into upper biofilm layers through binding to C. albicans. Biofilm growth and hyphal filament production by C. albicans was enhanced by S. oralis. It is suggested that the interkingdom biofilms are metabolically coordinated to house all three components, and this study demonstrates that adhesive interactions between them determine spatial distribution and biofilm architecture. The physical and chemical communication processes occurring in these communities potentially augment C. albicans persistence at multiple oral cavity sites.
Asunto(s)
Actinomyces/fisiología , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/fisiología , Película Dental/microbiología , Streptococcus oralis/fisiología , Actinomyces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Actinomyces/metabolismo , Adhesión Bacteriana , Biopelículas/clasificación , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Película Dental/diagnóstico por imagen , Placa Dental/microbiología , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Interacciones Microbianas , Microscopía Confocal , Boca/microbiología , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Streptococcus oralis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus oralis/metabolismoRESUMEN
Surface colonization is an essential step in biofilm development. The ability of oral pathogens to adhere to tooth surfaces is directly linked with the presence of specific molecules at the bacterial surface that can interact with enamel acquired pellicle ligands. In light of this, the aim of this study was to verify inhibitory and antibiofilm action of lectins from the Diocleinaesubtribe against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis. The inhibitory action against planctonic cells was assessed using lectins from Canavaliaensi formis (ConA), Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr), Canavalia maritima (ConM), Canavalia gladiata (CGL) and Canavalia boliviana (ConBol). ConBol, ConBr and ConM showed inhibitory activity on S. mutans growth. All lectins, except ConA, stimulated significantly the growth of S. oralis. To evaluate the effect on biofilm formation, clarified saliva was added to 96-well, flat-bottomed polystyrene plates, followed by the addition of solutions containing 100 or 200 µg/mL of the selected lectins. ConBol, ConM and ConA inhibited the S. mutans biofilms. No effects were found on S. oralis biofilms. Structure/function analysis were carried out using bioinformatics tools. The aperture and deepness of the CRD (Carbohydrate Recognition Domain) permit us to distinguish the two groups of Canavalia lectins in accordance to their actions against S. mutans and S. oralis. The results found provide a basis for encouraging the use of plant lectins as biotechnological tools in ecological control and prevention of caries disease.