RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances create areas of plaque stagnation leading to an increase in the volume, structure, and composition of plaque. This increases the chances of decalcification and white spot lesions. Oil pulling, an ancient practice involving swishing oil in the mouth, has demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque scores after 45 days, and a reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans concentration in few studies done in nonorthodontic subjects. The aim was to compare the concentration of S. mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets in patients using oil pulling with sesame oil and those on routine oral hygiene. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty subjects requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into two equal groups: Group A-Oil pulling and Group B-Control. All subjects were instructed to follow common oral hygiene methods and in addition, Group A was instructed to perform oil pulling for 30 days starting 1 month after placement of fixed appliances. Plaque specimens were collected from labial surfaces of maxillary lateral incisors and quantification of S. mutans was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean and standard deviations for descriptive statistics, paired, and unpaired sample t-tests were analyzed. RESULTS: Comparison of S. mutans concentration between T1 and T2 demonstrated a significant difference in both control and study groups. The experimental group showed significantly lesser S. mutans concentration compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Oil-pulling therapy with sesame oil resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of S. mutans in the plaque around orthodontic brackets.
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Placa Dental , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Aceite de Sésamo , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Soportes Ortodóncicos/microbiología , Soportes Ortodóncicos/efectos adversos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Placa Dental/microbiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Higiene BucalRESUMEN
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of treatment with low-temperature plasma (LTP) for varying exposure durations on a multispecies cariogenic biofilm comprising C. albicans, L. casei, and S. mutans, as well as on single-species biofilms of L. casei and C. albicans, cultured on hydroxyapatite discs. Biofilms were treated with LTP-argon at a 10 mm distance for 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s. Chlorhexidine solution (0.12%) and NaCl (0.89%) were used as positive (PC) and negative controls (NC), respectively. Argon flow only was also used as gas flow control (F). Colony-forming units (CFU) recovery and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to analyze biofilm viability. LTP starting at 30 s of application significantly reduced the viability of multispecies biofilms by more than 2 log10 in all treated samples (p < 0.0001). For single-species biofilms, L. casei showed a significant reduction compared to PC and NC of over 1 log10 at all exposure times (p < 0.0001). In the case of C. albicans biofilms, LTP treatment compared to PC and NC resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial counts when applied for 60 and 120 s (1.55 and 1.90 log10 CFU/mL, respectively) (p < 0.0001). A significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of LTP in single-species biofilms was observed to start at 60 s of LTP application compared to F, suggesting a time-dependent effect of LTP for the single-species biofilms of C. albicans and L. casei. LTP is a potential mechanism in treating dental caries by being an effective anti-biofilm therapy of both single and multispecies cariogenic biofilms.
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Biopelículas , Candida albicans , Gases em Plasma , Streptococcus mutans , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Gases em Plasma/farmacología , Candida albicans/fisiología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/fisiología , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/terapia , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiología , Humanos , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Microscopía Confocal , FríoRESUMEN
Background: Polymeric denture materials can be susceptible to colonization by oral microorganisms. Zein-coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (zMgO NPs) demonstrate antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect and adherence of different oral microorganisms on hybrid polymeric denture materials incorporated with zMgO NPs. Methods: Five types of polymeric denture materials were used. A total of 480 disc-shaped specimens were divided by material type (n=96/grp), then subdivided by zMgO NPs concentration: control with no nanoparticles and other groups with zMgO NPs concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5% and 1% by weight. Characterization of the polymeric denture materials incorporating zMgO NPs was done, and the antimicrobial activity of all groups was tested against four types of microorganisms: 1) Streptococcus mutans, 2) Staphylococcus aureus, 3) Enterococcus faecalis and 4) Candida albicans. The samples underwent an adherence test and an agar diffusion test. Experiments were done in triplicates. Results: The characterization of the hybrid samples revealed variation in the molecular composition, as well as a uniform distribution of the zMgO NPs in the polymeric denture materials. All hybrid polymeric denture materials groups induced a statistically significant antimicrobial activity, while the control groups showed the least antimicrobial activity. The agar diffusion test revealed no release of the zMgO NPs from the hybrid samples, indicating the NPs did not seep out of the matrix. Conclusion: The zMgO NPs were effective in reducing the adherence of the tested microorganisms and enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the polymeric denture materials. This antimicrobial effect with the polymeric dentures could aid in resisting microbial issues such as denture stomatitis.
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Antiinfecciosos , Candida albicans , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus mutans , Zeína , Zeína/química , Zeína/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Óxido de Magnesio/química , Óxido de Magnesio/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Humanos , Materiales Dentales/farmacología , Materiales Dentales/química , Dentaduras/microbiología , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Fucosterols have been widely studied for their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, they have not yet been studied in the field of dentistry. This study aimed to determine whether pretreatment of dentin with fucosterol before resin restoration enhances bond stability in resin-dentin hybrid layers. After applying 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% fucosterol to demineralized dentin, microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and nanoleakage tests were performed before and after collagenase aging, and the surface was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fucosterol-treated group showed better bond strength and less nanoleakage both before and after collagenase aging, and the corresponding structures were confirmed using SEM. MMP zymography confirmed that the activity of MMPs was relatively low along the concentration gradient of fucosterol, and the FTIR analysis confirmed the production of collagen crosslinks. In addition, fucosterol exhibits cytotoxicity against Streptococcus mutans, the main cause of dental decay. The results of this study suggest that fucosterol pretreatment improves bond strength and reduces nanoleakage at the resin-dentin interface, possibly through a mechanism involving collagen cross-link formation via the inhibition of endogenous and exogenous MMP activity. This study demonstrates the potential of fucosterol as an MMP inhibitor in dentin, which contributes to long-term resin-dentin bond stability and can be used as a restorative material.
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Dentina , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz , Estigmasterol , Humanos , Dentina/metabolismo , Dentina/química , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/química , Estigmasterol/farmacología , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/química , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from the dysbiosis of periodontal bacteria and the host's immune response, leading to tissue degradation and sustained inflammation. Traditional treatments, such as mechanical debridement and antimicrobial agents, often fail to fully eradicate pathogenic bacteria, especially in deep periodontal pockets. Consequently, the need for novel therapeutic approaches has increased the interest in bioactive natural extracts, such as that of Opuntia ficus-indica, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the encapsulation of Opuntia ficus-indica extract in OFI-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OFI-NPs) via ionotropic gelation using a microfluidic system, allowing precise control over nanoparticle characteristics and enhancing protection against enzymatic degradation. To achieve localized and sustained release in periodontal pockets, a thermo-responsive hydrogel comprising hyaluronic acid and Pluronic F127 (OFI@tgels) was developed. The transition of OFI@tgels from a solution at low temperatures to a solid at body temperature enables prolonged drug release at inflammation sites. The in vitro application of the optimized formulation eradicated biofilms of S. mutans, P. aeruginosa (PAO1), and P. gingivalis over 36 h and disrupted extracellular polymeric substance formation. Additionally, OFI@tgel modulated immune responses by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and promoting a shift to the M2 phenotype. These findings suggest that OFI@tgel is a promising alternative treatment for periodontitis, effectively reducing biofilm formation and modulating the immune response.
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Quitosano , Hidrogeles , Nanopartículas , Opuntia , Periodontitis , Extractos Vegetales , Quitosano/química , Opuntia/química , Nanopartículas/química , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/microbiología , Periodontitis/terapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Animales , Ratones , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Liberación de Fármacos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Poloxámero/química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/químicaRESUMEN
The surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler is a type of bioactive functional glass that releases six different ions. This study examined the effects of the S-PRG filler eluate on Streptococcus mutans in the presence of sucrose. In a solution containing S. mutans, the concentrations of BO33-, Al3+, Sr2+, and F- were significantly higher in the presence of the S-PRG filler eluate than in its absence (p < 0.001). The concentrations of these ions further increased in the presence of sucrose. Additionally, the S-PRG filler eluate significantly reduced glucan formation by S. mutans (p < 0.001) and significantly increased the pH of the bacterial suspension (p < 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the S-PRG filler eluate downregulated genes involved in purine biosynthesis (purC, purF, purL, purM, and purN) and upregulated genes involved in osmotic pressure (opuAa and opuAb). At a low pH (5.0), the S-PRG filler eluate completely inhibited the growth of S. mutans in the presence of sucrose and significantly increased the osmotic pressure of the bacterial suspension compared with the control (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that ions released from the S-PRG filler induce gene expression changes and exert an inhibitory effect on S. mutans in the presence of sucrose.
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Streptococcus mutans , Sacarosa , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sacarosa/farmacología , Sacarosa/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glucanos/farmacología , Glucanos/química , Propiedades de Superficie , Presión Osmótica/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Acrílicas , Dióxido de SilicioRESUMEN
Dental caries (DC) is one of the most common oral diseases and is mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The use of antibiotics against S. mutans usually has side effects, including developing resistance. N-2-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC), a natural product, has great potential utility in antibacterial agents owing to its low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the antimicrobial activity of N-2-HACC against S. mutans through the permeability of the cell wall, integrity of cell membrane, protein and nucleic acid synthesis, respiratory metabolism, and biofilm formation. Our results confirmed that the MIC of N-2-HACC against S. mutans was 0.625 mg/mL with a 90.01 ± 1.54% inhibition rate. SEM observed the formation of cavities on the surface of S. mutans after 12 h N-2-HACC treatment. The level of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was higher in the N-2-HACC treatment group than in the control group, indicating that N-2-HACC can improve the permeability of the cell wall. Also, N-2-HACC treatment can destroy the cell membrane of S. mutans by increasing conductivity and absorbance at 260 nm, decreasing cell metabolic activity, and enhancing the fluorescence at 488 nm. Respiratory metabolism revealed that the activities of the Na+-K+-ATP enzyme, pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were decreased after N-2-HACC treatment, revealing that N-2-HACC can inhibit glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) of S. mutans. Moreover, N-2-HACC can also decrease the contents of the nucleic acid and solution protein of S. mutans, interfere with biofilm formation, and decrease the mRNA expression level of biofilm formation-related genes. Therefore, these results verify that N-2-HACC has strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans, acting via cell membrane integrity damage, increasing the permeability of cell walls, interfering with bacterial protein and nucleic acid synthesis, perturbing glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and inhibiting biofilm formation. It is suggested that N-2-HACC may represent a new potential synthetically modified antibacterial material against S. mutans.
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Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Quitosano , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Pared Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/farmacología , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/química , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/síntesis químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding arginine at different concentrations to commercial and experimental orthodontic resins on shear bond strength (SBS), as well as on the antimicrobial activity of arginine against S. mutans. Metal brackets were bonded onto the surface of 120 bovine incisors using Transbond, OrthoCem, and an experimental resin (ER), adding 0, 2.5, 5, and 7 wt.% of arginine. The SBS test was performed in deionized water at 37 ºC for 24 h, at 0.5 mm/min. SBS test results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). CFU/mL data (antimicrobial assessment) were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). No statistical difference between the resins was observed in untreated groups (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine at 2.5% (27.7 MPa) and 5% (29.0 MPa) increased the SBS of Transbond when compared (p < 0.05) to OrthoCem (18.5 and 15.6 MPa, respectively) and ER (16.3 and 18.1 MPa, respectively). Arginine at 7% improved the SBS of Transbond (24.1 MPa) and ER (21.0 MPa), which was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than OrthoCem (12.6 MPa). OrthoCem did not show a statistically significant difference at the three concentrations of arginine (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine to resins reduced the count of S. mutans (p < 0.05). As for ER, all concentrations of arginine significantly decreased CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Among commercial resins, only 7% of arginine significantly reduced CFU/mL. The addition of arginine did not interfere with the bond strength and demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. mutans.
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Arginina , Ensayo de Materiales , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Cementos de Resina , Resistencia al Corte , Streptococcus mutans , Arginina/química , Arginina/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Cementos de Resina/química , Factores de Tiempo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Valores de Referencia , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Bisfenol A Glicidil MetacrilatoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel calcium silver zeolite (Ca-Ag-Zeo) and assess its biocompatibility, physiochemical properties and antimicrobial effects. METHODS: Ca-Ag-Zeo was synthesized using ion-exchange method with calcium chloride, silver nitrate and Zeolite X (Zeo). Silver zeolite X (Ag-Zeo) and Zeo were set as control. The chemical structure, morphology, crystal structure and elemental composition of Ca-Ag-Zeo was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Its biocompatibility on the human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by cell counting kit-8 assay. Its physiochemical properties were determined by the released calcium and silver ion using Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry for up to 12 weeks. The antimicrobial properties on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans were assessed by minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) or minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) assay. RESULTS: Ca-Ag-Zeo with a hexagonal cage structure was synthesized. As for biocompatibility, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (± SD in mg/mL) of Ca-Ag-Zeo, Ag-Zeo and Zeo in human gingival fibroblasts were 0.52 ± 0.05, 0.15 ± 0.01 and 3.35 ± 0.58, respectively (Zeo > Ca-Ag-Zeo > Ag-Zeo; p < 0.05). As for physiochemical properties, the accumulated ion release (± SD in mg) of Ca-Ag-Zeo, Ag-Zeo and Zeo were 0.011 ± 0.003, 0 and 0 for calcium ion, respectively (Ca-Ag-Zeo > Ag-Zeo, Zeo; p < 0.001), and 0.213 ± 0.032, 0.209 ± 0.019 and 0 for silver ion, respectively (Ca-Ag-Zeo, Ag-Zeo > Zeo; p < 0.001). As for anti-microbial ability, the MBC/MFC (mg/mL) of Ca-Ag-Zeo, Ag-Zeo and Zeo were 32, 16 and > 256 against Streptococcus mutans; 32, 16, > 256 against Lactobacillus acidophilus; 16, 16, and 256 against Lactobacillus casei; 0.25, 0.125; and 2, 1, > 256 against Candida albicans, respectively. CONCLUSION: A novel Ca-Ag-Zeo was developed. It presented better biocompatibility compared to Ag-Zeo. It released calcium and silver ions sustainably, and it could inhibit the growth of common cariogenic microorganisms.
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Calcio , Candida albicans , Caries Dental , Fibroblastos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Plata , Streptococcus mutans , Zeolitas , Humanos , Zeolitas/farmacología , Zeolitas/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Caries Dental/microbiología , Plata/farmacología , Plata/química , Lactobacillus acidophilus/efectos de los fármacos , Difracción de Rayos X , Encía/efectos de los fármacos , Encía/citología , Lacticaseibacillus casei/efectos de los fármacos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Ensayo de Materiales , Nitrato de Plata/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate caries preventive effects of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on neighboring tooth proximal to glass ionomer cement (GIC), including conventional GIC (CGIC) and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) restorations in an in vitro model. METHODS: HUMAN TOOTH BLOCKS WERE RESTORED WITH: SDF+CGIC (Group 1), CGIC (Group 2), SDF+RMGIC (Group 3) or RMGIC (Group 4). Enamel specimen simulating proximal surface of neighboring tooth was placed in proximity to the restorations. The specimen underwent cariogenic challenge with cross-kingdom biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, Lacticaseibacillus casei and Candida albicans. After cariogenic challenge, the biofilm's growth kinetics, viability, and morphology were evaluated by propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The enamel lesion depth, surface morphology and crystal characteristics were determined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. RESULTS: PMA-qPCR demonstrated lower microbial growth in Group 1 and 3 compared with Group 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). CLSM showed the dead-to-live ratio in Groups 1-4 were 1.15±0.12, 0.53±0.13, 1.10±0.24 and 0.63±0.10, respectively (Group 1,3 > 2,4, p < 0.05). SEM revealed Groups 1 and 3 had scattered biofilm whereas Group 2 and 4 had confluent biofilm. Micro-CT showed the enamel lesion depths (µm) were 98±9, 126±7, 103±6 and 128±7 for Group 1 to 4, respectively (Group 1,3 < 2,4, p < 0.05). SEM revealed oriented and ordered enamel prismatic patterns in Group 1 and 3, not in Group 2 and 4. XRD showed the reflections of hydroxyapatite in Groups 1 and 3 were sharper than Groups 2 and 4. CONCLUSION: SDF pretreatment enhances the preventive effect of GIC on proximal enamel surface on neighboring tooth through inhibiting cariogenic biofilm, reducing enamel demineralization and promoting enamel remineralization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: SDF pretreatment of GIC restorations can help prevent caries on neighboring teeth, particular for patients with high caries risk.
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Biopelículas , Cariostáticos , Caries Dental , Esmalte Dental , Fluoruros Tópicos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario , Compuestos de Plata , Streptococcus mutans , Compuestos de Plata/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Plata/farmacología , Humanos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/uso terapéutico , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/farmacología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Caries Dental/microbiología , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/farmacología , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/uso terapéutico , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Fluoruros Tópicos/farmacología , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Difracción de Rayos X , Microscopía ConfocalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effect of NaF/Chit suspensions on enamel and on S. mutans biofilm, simulating application of a mouthrinse. METHODS: The NaF/Chit particle suspensions were prepared at molar ratio [NaF]/Chitmon]≈0.68 at nominal concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.05 % NaF and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. The S. mutans biofilm was formed for 7 days on eighty human enamel blocks that were divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): i) 0.05 % NaF solution; ii) 0.31 % Chit solution; iii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.05 % NaF; iv) 1.0 % HAc solution (Control); v) 0.2 % NaF solution; vi) 1.25 % Chit solution; vii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 % NaF; viii) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate. The substances were applied daily for 90 s. S. mutans cell counts (CFU/mL) were performed, and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel samples were measured before and after biofilm formation. The KHN and CFU/mL data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Interactions between NaF and Chit were evidenced in solid state by FTIR spectra. The NaF/Chit complexes showed spontaneous microparticle formation and colloidal stability. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.65 to 1.31 mg/mL. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 %NaF Group showed lower CFU/mL values than other groups. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions Groups had the highest KHN values after biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) complexes exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm and reduced the enamel hardness loss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions showed potential to be used as a mouthrinse for caries prevention.
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Antibacterianos , Biopelículas , Quitosano , Esmalte Dental , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fluoruro de Sodio , Streptococcus mutans , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Esmalte Dental/microbiología , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Fluoruro de Sodio/farmacología , Quitosano/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Antisépticos Bucales/farmacología , Antisépticos Bucales/química , Coloides , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Cariostáticos/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anticaries effects of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) combined with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on enamel in a biofilm-challenged environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: GO and GQDs were synthesised using citric acid. The antibiofilm and biofilm inhibition effects for Streptococcus mutans were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony-forming units (CFU). Remineralisation ability was determined by assessing mineral loss, calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, and surface morphology. To create a biofilm-challenged environment, enamel blocks were immersed in S. mutans to create the lesion and then subjected to artificial saliva/biofilm cycling for 7 days. Anticaries effects of GO, GQDs, GQDs@CPP-ACP, GO@CPP-ACP, and CPP-ACP were determined by broth pH and mineral changes after 7-day pH cycling. Biocompatibility was tested using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay for human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). RESULTS: GQDs and GO presented significant antibiofilm and biofilm inhibition effects compared to the CPP-ACP and control groups (P < 0.05). The enamel covered by GQDs and GO showed better crystal structure formation and less mineral loss (P < 0.05) than that covered by CPP-ACP alone. After 7 days in the biofilm-challenged environment, the GO@CPP-ACP group showed less lesion depth than the CPP-ACP and control groups (P < 0.05). GO and GQDs showed good biocompatibility compared to the control group by CCK8 (P > 0.05) within 3 days. CONCLUSION: GO and GQDs could improve the anti-caries effects of CPP-ACP, and CPP-ACP agents with GO or GQDs could be a potential option for enamel lesion management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: GO and GQDs have demonstrated the potential to significantly enhance the anticaries effects of CPP-ACP. Incorporating these nanomaterials into CPP-ACP formulations could provide innovative and effective options for the management of enamel lesions, offering improved preventive and therapeutic strategies in dental care.
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Biopelículas , Caseínas , Caries Dental , Esmalte Dental , Grafito , Puntos Cuánticos , Streptococcus mutans , Grafito/química , Grafito/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Caseínas/farmacología , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Caries Dental/microbiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Cariostáticos/química , Microscopía Confocal , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Cítrico/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Saliva Artificial/químicaRESUMEN
We aimed to investigate the chemical and physical properties of nano silver fluoride sustained release orthodontic elastomerics (NSF-RE) and determine their antimicrobial and antibiofilm formation activities against Streptococcus mutans. Orthodontic elastomerics were dip-coated with NSF solution in ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG). The studied groups included NSF (no EC/PEG), NSF-E (EC), NSF-EP1 (EC:PEG, 4:1), and NSF-EP2 (EC:PEG, 2:1). The cumulative release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and fluoride, along with the compatibility of the tensile force with orthodontic brackets, was evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using an agar diffusion test. The inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated using colony-forming units (CFUs), biofilm thickness, and the live/dead cell ratio. NSF-RE containing EC sustained the release of AgNPs and fluoride for > 7 days. Tensile forces were not significantly different among the groups. The inhibition zone was 2.64- and 1.31-fold larger with NSF-EP2 than that with NSF and NSF-E, respectively. NSF-EP2 was the most effective in inhibiting biofilm formation with significant reductions in CFUs, biofilm thickness, and live/dead cell ratio by 57, 86, and 96%, respectively, as compared to those in the control group. Overall, sustained release of AgNPs and fluoride by NSF-RE provides antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against S. mutans.
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Biopelículas , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Elastómeros , Nanopartículas del Metal , Compuestos de Plata , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Plata/farmacología , Compuestos de Plata/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Elastómeros/química , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/farmacología , Fluoruros/farmacología , Fluoruros/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Soportes OrtodóncicosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of Softsoap and Efferdent used as solutions to disinfect Lucitone 199 poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin used for dentures. METHODS: S. mutans and plaque bacteria were grown for 24 hours, and suspended to a concentration of 1x106 cells/ml. Bacterial suspensions (0.2 mL) were added to the decontaminated PMMA discs placed in a 48-well culture plate and incubated for 3 days at 37°C. The discs were rinsed to remove the unbound bacterial cells and then incubated for 60 minutes with 5% and 1% dilutions (triplicates) of each of the detergent solutions (0.3 ml). Discs were rinsed and then MTT reagent (0.2 ml) was added and incubated for 2 hours, then overnight with a solubilizing agent. An aliquot from each well (0.1 ml) was transferred to a 96-well flat bottom plate and absorbance was measured to OD @ 595 nm (MTT) of four samples for each data point. Normalized data was compared and statistically analyzed using a three-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls on Rank data with P< 0.05 for significance. Additionally, data were double-checked with the Holm-Sidak test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between testing media for C. albicans and mixed plaque (P= 0.078) or testing duration in time at 24 hours and 21 days (P= 0.07). Statistically significant differences were found between all treatment solutions group combinations (P< 0.001) except for 30% Softsoap versus Efferdent (P= 0.056). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There was no statistically significant difference between testing media for C. albicans and mixed plaque (P= 0.078) or testing duration at 24 hours and 21 days (P= 0.07). Statistically significant differences were noted between all treatment solutions group combinations (P< 0.001), However, there was no difference between 30% Softsoap and Efferdent (P= 0.056).
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Antibacterianos , Polimetil Metacrilato , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Placa Dental/microbiología , Desinfección/métodos , Detergentes/farmacología , Dentaduras/microbiología , Ensayo de Materiales , Limpiadores de Dentadura/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Cerium oxide nanoparticles are known for their antibacterial effects resulting from Ce3+ to Ce4+ conversion. Application of such cerium oxide nanoparticles in dentistry has been previously considered but limited due to deterioration of mechanical properties. Hence, this study aimed to examine mesoporous silica (MCM-41) coated with cerium oxide nanoparticles and evaluate the antibacterial effects and mechanical properties when applied to dental composite resin. Cerium oxide nanoparticles were coated on the MCM-41 surface using the sol-gel method by adding cerium oxide nanoparticle precursor to the MCM-41 dispersion. The samples were tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans via CFU and MTT assays. The mechanical properties were assessed by flexural strength and depth of cure according to ISO 4049. Data were analyzed using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post-hoc test (p = 0.05). The experimental group showed significantly increased antibacterial properties compared to the control groups (p < 0.005). The flexural strength exhibited a decreasing trend as the amount of cerium oxide nanoparticle-coated MCM-41 increased. However, the flexural strength and depth of cure values of the silane group met the ISO 4049 standard. Antibacterial properties increased with increasing amounts of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Although the mechanical properties decreased, silane treatment overcame this drawback. Hence, the cerium oxide nanoparticles coated on MCM-41 may be used for dental resin composite.
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Antibacterianos , Cerio , Resinas Compuestas , Nanopartículas , Dióxido de Silicio , Streptococcus mutans , Cerio/química , Cerio/farmacología , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Resinas Compuestas/química , Resinas Compuestas/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Poliuretanos/química , Poliuretanos/farmacología , Resistencia Flexional , PorosidadRESUMEN
Orthodontic adhesive doped with sulfur-modified TiO2 promotes antibacterial effect. The objective of the study was to characterize the physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of the orthodontic bracket adhesive, doped with modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Sulfur-doped TiO2 was synthetized and morphological topography was analyzed with TEM and SEM imaging. The catalytic performance during the degradation of rhodamine B was assessed. Nanomaterial was added at four concentration (1, 3, 6, and 10 wt%) to a commercial orthodontic adhesive. The shear bond strength and microhardness of a resin-based orthodontic adhesive containing S-TiO2 were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of the pure and doped adhesives against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans was examined. As the results, the highest antimicrobial activity and good adhesive properties were noticed for light-cured orthodontic adhesive doped with 3% of S-TiO2. In this case, orthodontic adhesives with strong and long-lasting bactericidal properties can be created through the incorporation of modified TiO2 without negatively influencing microhardnesses, and bonding ability. White spot lesion and demineralization, which occurs very often in patients during orthodontic treatment, can be therefore minimized.
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Antibacterianos , Cementos Dentales , Escherichia coli , Streptococcus mutans , Titanio , Titanio/química , Titanio/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Cementos Dentales/química , Cementos Dentales/farmacología , Ensayo de Materiales , Resistencia al Corte , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Humanos , Azufre/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a common disease in the oral cavity, and the microorganisms in the cavity are colonized in the form of dental plaque biofilm. Streptococcus mutans is the main pathogen causing dental caries. Using probiotics to inhibit the growth and colonization of pathogenic bacteria, regulate mucosal immunity and improve oral microecological balance is an effective way to prevent or treat dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries-prevention of probiotics in vitro and in rat caries models. METHODS: The probiotics used in this study are a combination of 4 strains of bacteria. After the fermentation of 4 strains (L. plantarum, L. salivarius, L. rhamnosus, and L. paracasei) was completed, they were mixed in equal volume proportions and used as samples to be tested. The mixture was then assessed the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans in vitro and in vivo. SPSS Statistics 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for analysis. RESULTS: In vitro the probiotics mixture could inhibit the growth of S. mutans and was able to remove biofilms formed by S. mutans. In a 42-day in vivo experiment, the probiotics group significantly reduced the level of S. mutans on the tooth surface of rats, reducing more than half the bacterial quantities compared with the caries model group (P < 0.05). The amount of S. mutans in the antagonist group was low and highly significant compared with the caries model group. Moreover, the mixture of 4 strains significantly reduced the caries scores (modified Keyes scoring method) in both the probiotic and antagonist groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the combination of the four strains can reduce the cavity scores, and the four strains can be used as products in oral care products. At the same time, the study also suggests that probiotic therapy can be an effective way to prevent dental caries.
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Biopelículas , Caries Dental , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Probióticos , Streptococcus mutans , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Caries Dental/microbiología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Lactobacillus plantarum , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei , Ligilactobacillus salivarius , Lactobacillus , MasculinoRESUMEN
Dental caries, the most prevalent chronic disease across all age groups, has a high prevalence, particularly among children. However, there is no specific and effective treatment for the prevention of caries in primary teeth (Pr.T.), which stems from a lack of knowledge regarding the basic nature of the tooth surface. Herein, we observed that the adhesion energies of the caries-related bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis to Pr.T were approximately 10 and 5.5 times higher than those to permanent teeth (Pe.T). A lower degree of mineralization and more hydrophilic characteristics of the Pr.T enamel account for this discrepancy. Accordingly, we proposed that the on-target modification of both hydroxyapatite and organic components on Pr.T by dual modification would render a sufficient hydration layer. This resulted in an approximately 11-time decrease in bacterial adhesion energy after treatment. In contrast, a single hydroxyapatite modification on Pe.T and young permanent teeth (Y.Pe.T) was sufficient to achieve a similar effect. Theoretical simulation further verified the rationality of the approach. Our findings may help understand the reason for Pr.T being caries-prone and provide references for treatment using resin restorations. This strategy offers valuable insights into daily oral hygiene and dental prophylactic treatment in children.
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Adhesión Bacteriana , Caries Dental , Durapatita , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguis , Diente Primario , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Caries Dental/microbiología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus sanguis/efectos de los fármacos , Durapatita/química , Esmalte Dental/química , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Purpose/Aim: Acrylamides are hydrolytically stable at pH lower than 2, and were shown to preserve bonded interface integrity with two-step, total etch adhesives. The objective of this study was to leverage those two characteristics in self-etching primers containing the acidic monomer 10-MDP and test the microtensile bond strength before and after incubation with S. mutans incubation. Materials and Methods: Acidic primers (10 wt % 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphateâ10-MDP; 45 wt % N,N-diethyl-1,3-bis(acrylamido)propaneâDEBAAP, or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylateâHEMA; 45 wt %, glycerol-dimethacrylateâGDMA) and adhesives (DEBAAP or HEMA/10-MDP/UDMA 45/10/45 wt %) were made polymerizable by the addition of 0.2 wt % camphorquinone, 0.8 wt % ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 0.4 wt % diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, and 0.1 wt % butylhydroxytoluene. Nonsolvated materials were characterized for flexural strength (FS), modulus (E), toughness, water sorption/solubility (WS/SL), contact angle, and vinyl conversion (DC). Viscosity was evaluated after adding 20 and 40 vol % ethanol to the primer and adhesive, respectively. The experimental materials or Clearfil SE Bond (CCâcommercial control) were used to bond a commercial composite (Filtek Supreme) to the flat surface of human dentin. Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was tested in 1 mm2 sticks for the 5 primer/bond combinations: CC (Clearfil Bond Primer and Bond), HH (HEMA/HEMA), DD (DEBAAP/DEBAAP), HD (HEMA/DEBAAP), and DH (DEBAAP/HEMA). Prior to testing, sticks were stored in water or biofilm-inducing culture medium with S. mutans for 1 week. Confocal images and FTIR-ATR evaluation evaluated the hybrid layer of the adhesives. Results were analyzed using Student's t-test (WS, SL, DC, contact angle, FS, E, toughness), one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test for viscosity, and two-way ANOVA/Tukey's test for MTBS (95%). Results: HEMA-based materials had lower contact angle (p = 0.004), higher WS (p < 0.001), and similar SL values compared to DEBAAP (p = 0.126). FS (p = 0.171) and E (p = 0.065) dry values were similar, but after one week of water storage, FS/E dropped more significantly for HEMA materials. Dry and wet toughness was greater for DEBAAP (p < 0.001), but it also had the greatest drop (46%). Clearfil bonds had the highest viscosity, followed by DEBAAP and HEMA, respectively (p = 0.002). For the primers, HEMA had the lowest viscosity (p = 0.003). As far as MTBS, all groups tested in water were statistically different when compared with HH (p < 0.001). After storage in biofilm, DH had the highest MTBS value, being statistically different from HH (p = 0.002), CC (p = 0.015), and DD (p = 0.027). Conclusions: The addition of a diacrylamide and its association with HEMA in self-etching adhesive systems provided greater bonding stability after bacterial challenge.
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Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a la Tracción , Dentina/química , Dentina/microbiología , Recubrimientos Dentinarios/química , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Metacrilatos/química , Cementos Dentales/química , Cementos de Resina/químicaRESUMEN
Dental caries is a worldwide public healthcare concern, and is closely related to the acidic environment that caused by bacterial decomposition of food. In this study, a two-step ion exchange liquid-phase stripping method was applied to strip out vermiculite (VMT) nanosheets, then amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and dextran were inserted between the VMT nanosheets interlayer to obtain a composite two-dimension nanosheets (VMT/ACP/Dextran). VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets exhibited excellent biocompatibility and could provide exogenous Ca2+and PO43- from ACP, provide SiO44-, Mg2+, Fe2+ and obtain buffering pH and antibacterial properties from VMT, as well as improve suspension stability and targeting Streptococcus mutans through glucan. The in vitro study showed that the composite materials could promote the mineralization and sealing of dentin tubules by releasing active ions, buffer pH 4.5 (a value close to the pH in the dental plaque environment) to pH 6.6-7.1 (values close to the pH in human saliva) through ion exchange, and exert antibacterial effects by targeting Streptococcus mutans and exerting oxidase like and peroxidase like activities to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The in vivo animal study showed that daily cleaning teeth using VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets could effectively reduce the incidence rate and severity of dental caries in rats. Taking together, the developed VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets, which integrated the excellent properties of VMT, ACP and dextran, can effectively prevent dental caries through a combination of factors such as buffering acids, antibacterial properties, and promoting calcification, and may be used as an active ingredient for daily oral hygiene or filling materials to prevent and treat dental caries.