RESUMEN
During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were exposed to high levels of anxiety and stress leading to loneliness and depressive disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of anxiety, positive coping, perceived social support, and perceived stress on depression and loneliness among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional online/telephone survey. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Participants were 112 people aged 60 years and above, without cognitive impairment, who experienced confinement (from March 2020 onward) and had access to the internet or telephone. A path analysis model showed a direct significant effect of anxiety on both, depression (ß = .68, P < .001) and perceived stress (ß = .65, P < .001), as well as an indirect effect of anxiety on loneliness via perceived stress (ß = .65) * (ß = .40); and social support (ß = -.21) * (ß = -.20). The model showed adequate fit χ2(df = 4) =5.972, P = .201; RMSEA = 0.066 (0.000, 0.169), CFI = 0.992; TLI = 0.970. Anxiety had a significant effect on depressive symptoms as well as on loneliness via perceived social support and perceived stress. According to our findings, in order to reduce depressive symptoms and perceived loneliness, it is essential to develop timely interventions that decrease levels of anxiety and stress and increase levels of perceived social support in older people, particularly when there are any restrictions, physical or contextual, that prevent face-to-face contact. This can be achieved by implementing preventive community-based programs, enhancing accessibility to mental health services, and collaborating with local support groups, among others.
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Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Depresión , Soledad , Apoyo Social , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Soledad/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adaptación Psicológica , SARS-CoV-2 , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pandemias , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Does loneliness predict premature death? Much prior research suggests so, but this evidence draws primarily on populations from individualistic societies, such as North America and Western Europe. Here, we aimed to extend this evidence by testing a hypothesis that loneliness would predict greater mortality risk in collectivistic societies, where social interdependence is normatively sanctioned. METHOD: Using a harmonized dataset from two individualistic (England and the United States) and two collectivistic (Korea and Mexico) countries (combined N = 41,869), we tested whether cultural contexts moderate the extent to which loneliness predicts 10-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS: After adjustment of demographic variables and health behaviors, loneliness was associated with increased 10-year mortality in all four countries, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.13 in England, 1.21 in the United States and Mexico, and 1.51 in Korea. When health conditions were additionally controlled, this association became negligible in two individualistic countries, with HRs of 0.98 for both England and the United States. In contrast, the HR remained highly significant in Korea (HR = 1.27). Curiously, the mortality risk of loneliness in Mexico (HR = 1.03), another collectivistic country, was no different from the risks in England and the United States. CONCLUSIONS: When people feel that they are chronically isolated from social networks, this perception can be fatal in Korea, but it is less so in the other three countries. Discussion focuses on other cultural factors, besides the cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, that may account for the current finding. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Comparación Transcultural , Soledad , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Estados Unidos , Persona de Mediana Edad , México , Adulto , Anciano , República de Corea , Inglaterra , Mortalidad/tendencias , Cultura , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The world is aging and experiencing loneliness. Functional impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older people (OP) with mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) predicts loneliness. After the pandemic, there was an increase in perceived loneliness. We explored the association between loneliness, depression, deficits in IADL, and cognitive symptoms among OP. From February to December 2023, using a cross-sectional design, we interviewed probable cases with mild cognitive impairment and caregivers in two public facilities. We administered the UCLA Loneliness Scale v3, Lawton IADL Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Yesavage's Geriatric Depression Scale. Samples were matched: 85 per group, 82.4% were women, married (52.95%), and mean age of 69.17 (±6.93) years. In our study, 30% displayed moderate to high levels of perceived loneliness. Multivariate analysis showed loneliness was associated with depression, low levels of IADL, and older age, but not with cognitive symptoms, which explained 22% of the total variance (F 165) = 16.99, (p < 0.001). Targeting symptoms and behaviors that could be modified (i.e., depression and functionality) can improve feelings of perceived loneliness and have an impact on morbidity and mortality with which it is associated.
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Actividades Cotidianas , Disfunción Cognitiva , Depresión , Soledad , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Femenino , Anciano , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , CogniciónRESUMEN
Introduction. Some studies have indicated that loneliness may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in cancer patients, as it can weaken treatment response and the immune system, and promote harmful behaviors, worsening the prognosis and increasing the likelihood of death. Addressing loneliness in public health is essential to provide social support and improve outcomes in cancer patients. Objective. To obtain an estimator of the unwanted loneliness-mortality association. Materials and methods. We followed a prospective cohort of 400 patients for two years (exposure=loneliness levels; outcome=mortality; sociodemographic and clinical control variables were included). A parametric survival model (log normal) was used. Results. The cohort had a median survival of 20.2 months and a mortality rate of 3.2 deaths/100 patient-months (95% CI: 2.8 to 3.7). The survival model found the following time ratios (TR): moderate level/low level: TR=0.55; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.77; moderately high level/low level: TR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.93; high level/low level: TR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.31 to 4.42. Conclusion. Compared to patients with low levels of loneliness, patients with moderate or moderately high levels reach death more quickly (statistically significant TRs, adjusted for the effect of other variables in the model); this highlights the need for interventions to mitigate loneliness and promote social support in patients having cancer.
Introducción. Algunos estudios han señalado que la soledad podría estar relacionada con un aumento en el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer ya que puede debilitar la respuesta al tratamiento y del sistema inmunológico y promover comportamientos perjudiciales, lo que puede empeorar el pronóstico y aumentar la probabilidad de muerte en estos pacientes. El abordar la soledad en la salud pública es esencial para brindar apoyo social y mejorar los resultados en los pacientes con cáncer. Objetivo. Obtener un estimador de la asociación soledad no deseada - mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer. Materiales y métodos. Se le hizo el seguimiento durante dos años a una cohorte prospectiva de 400 pacientes (exposición=niveles de soledad; desenlace=tiempo hasta la muerte). Se incluyeron variables de control sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se utilizó un modelo de supervivencia paramétrico (log normal). Resultados. En la cohorte se encontró una mediana de supervivencia de 20,2 meses y una tasa de mortalidad de 3,2 muertes por 100 pacientes-mes (IC95 %: 2,8 a 3,7). En el modelo de supervivencia se encontraron las siguientes razones de tiempo (RT): nivel moderado-nivel bajo: RT=0,55; IC95 %: 0,39 a 0,77; nivel moderadamente alto-nivel bajo: RT=0,62; IC95 %: 0.41 a 0.93; nivel alto-nivel bajo: RT=1,17; IC95 %: 0,31 a 4,42. Conclusión. En comparación con los pacientes con niveles bajos de soledad, los pacientes con niveles moderados o moderadamente altos llegan más rápidamente a la muerte (RT estadísticamente significativas, habiendo ajustado por el efecto de las demás variables del modelo). Esto sugiere la utilidad de las intervenciones para mitigar la soledad y promover el apoyo social en los pacientes con cáncer.
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Soledad , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Neoplasias/psicología , Estudios Prospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Pronóstico , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Elder abuse (EA), depressive symptoms, and loneliness represent a growing risk to the health, well-being, and premature mortality of older adults. However, the role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms has not yet been examined. AIMS: To investigate the associations between these constructs and to explore the possible mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in a representative sample of older Mexican people. METHODS: A representative community-dwelling survey of older adults aged 60 and older was conducted in two cities in Mexico (Mexico City and Xalapa) in 2018-2019. Measurements of EA, loneliness, depressive symptoms, health, and sociodemographic data were collected. Regression and mediation models were tested to analyze the associations between these variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of EA was 16.3%, loneliness was 50%, and depressive symptoms were 25.5%. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of depressive symptoms was 2.7 when the combined effects of EA and loneliness were considered. The proportion of the effect that could explain the mediating role of loneliness was 31%. CONCLUSION: To effectively reduce depressive symptoms in older individuals affected by emotional or psychological abuse and neglect, it is crucial to address both the mediating influence of loneliness and EA itself in therapeutic and preventive interventions.
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Depresión , Abuso de Ancianos , Soledad , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Anciano , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Masculino , Abuso de Ancianos/psicología , Abuso de Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Vida Independiente/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to examine the relationship between the economic activity of small firms and the mental well-being of the population in five Latin American countries in the early stages of the pandemic. METHODS: We utilize the search volume of certain keywords on Google Trends (GT), such as "boredom," "frustration," "loneliness," "sleep", "anxiety", and "depression", as an indicator of the well-being of the population. By examining the data from Facebook Business Activity Trends, we investigate how social attention reacts to the activity levels of different economic sectors. RESULTS: Increased business activity is generally associated with reduced levels of boredom, loneliness, sleep problems and anxiety. The effect on depression varies by sector, with positive associations concentrated in onsite jobs. In addition, we observe that strict Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) tend to exacerbate feelings of boredom and loneliness, sleep issues, and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a strong association between different indicators of psychological well-being and the level of activity in different sectors of the economy. Given the essential role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in generating employment, especially during crises like the pandemic, it is imperative that they remain resilient and adaptable to support economic recovery and job preservation. To accomplish this, policymakers need to focus on providing financial stability and support for SMEs, fostering social support networks within companies, and incorporating mental health services into workplace environments. This comprehensive strategy can alleviate mental health challenges and enhance public health resilience.
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COVID-19 , Salud Mental , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , América Latina/epidemiología , Pequeña Empresa , Pandemias , Soledad/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Tedio , Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
This study explored the association between loneliness and mental health among nurses in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2022. We enrolled 2,811 nurses from a tertiary hospital in China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and psychological characteristics were collected from participants via a self-reported questionnaire. Loneliness was measured with the three-item short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale were used to measure mental health. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined using binary logistic regression. Among participants in this study, 12.0% (337) experienced loneliness, and 7.8% (219) and 6.7% (189) reported depression and anxiety, respectively. The loneliness scores were categorized into three levels (3, 4-6, and 7-9). For depression, compared with the lowest reference, the ORs and 95% CI across the tertile were 1.31 (0.69-1.84) and 2.53 (1.11-5.76) after adjustment, respectively, and the P-value for trend was 0.045. For anxiety, compared with the lowest reference, the ORs and 95%CI across the tertile were 1.84 (1.28-2.63) and 2.52 (1.57-4.10) after adjustment, respectively; the P-value for trend was 0.004. This study showed that loneliness was significantly associated with poor mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggested that medical establishments should offer interventions for nurses to prevent mental health problems by targeting this modifiable risk factor.
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COVID-19 , Depresión , Soledad , Salud Mental , Enfermeras y Enfermeros , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , China/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Adulto , Masculino , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , SARS-CoV-2 , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , PandemiasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In the older population, depression, loneliness, and quality of life are closely related, significantly influencing health status. This paper aimed (1) to investigate autoregressive and cross-lagged associations over 2 years between depression, loneliness, and quality of life, and (2) to examine sex-related differences in the 2-year associations between depression, loneliness, and quality of life in a large sample of European citizens aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS: This is a longitudinal analysis. We included 7.456 individuals (70.89 ± 7.64 years; (4.268 females) who responded to waves 7 (2017) and 8 (2019) of the SHARE project. The variables analyzed in both waves were depression, loneliness, and quality of life. RESULTS: Comparatively, females indicated higher depression and loneliness scores than males and a lower perception of quality of life. Autoregressive associations pointed that past depression, loneliness, and quality of life predicted their future episodes 2 years later (p < 0.001). The cross-lagged analysis of males showed positive and significant bidirectional associations between depression and loneliness 2 years later. Females also showed a positive and significant association between depression and loneliness, but loneliness was not associated with depression 2 years later. In turn, previous high levels of quality of life had a protective role in late depression and loneliness up to 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted the need to simultaneously assess and manage depression, loneliness, and quality of life in the older European population. It is suggested that sex-specific policies can be created, including social support, in order to reduce depression and loneliness, and promote quality of life.
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Depresión , Soledad , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Longitudinales , Europa (Continente) , Anciano , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to describe and explore the relationship of loneliness, anxiety and depression with adoption of the caregiver role among individuals caring for people with chronic diseases in Colombia. METHODS: this was an exploratory and cross-sectional study involving 960 primary caregivers of individuals with chronic diseases. We applied the Caregiver Role Adoption Scale, the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Anxiety and Depression Scale. Principal component and multiple correspondence analyses were performed for clustering. RESULTS: among the participating caregivers, 40.8% reported experiencing depression, 59% reported anxiety, 54.6% reported moderate to severe loneliness, and 88.6% reported satisfactory adoption of the caregiver role. Caregivers who presented basic or insufficient role adoption levels tended to have higher scores for anxiety, depression and loneliness. CONCLUSION: adoption of the caregiver role is a mediator in the anxiety, depression and loneliness levels among caregivers. Strategies aimed at supporting caregivers should include training for the caregiver role to mitigate the negative impacts of anxiety, depression and loneliness. (1) More than half of the caregivers reported moderate or severe anxiety and loneliness. (2) Caregivers with low role adoption levels presented more anxiety, depression and loneliness. (3) Satisfactory adoption of the caregiver role reduces anxiety, depression and loneliness. (4) Role adoption should be intervened to reduce the impact on caregivers' mental health.
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Ansiedad , Cuidadores , Depresión , Soledad , Humanos , Cuidadores/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Soledad/psicología , Femenino , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Crónica/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Rol , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study examines factors associated with symptoms of loneliness among a sample (n = 213) of mostly Mexican-origin adults at risk of chronic diseases in Southern Arizona's Pima, Yuma, and Santa Cruz counties. It uses baseline data from a community-based participatory research partnership and multinominal logistic regression models. Controlling for chronic diseases and sociodemographic characteristics, perceived social support and hope exhibit negative main effects on loneliness when comparing individuals who experienced loneliness for 5-7 days in the preceding week with those who did not encounter such feelings during the same period (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.49 and 0.47; 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.34-0.73 and 0.29-0.75, respectively). However, when considered together, perceived social support and hope display a positive and statistically significant combined effect on loneliness (AOR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.06). Holding all covariates constant, individuals reporting loneliness for 5-7 days exhibit a relative risk ratio of 1.24 (95% CI = 1.06-1.46) for a one-unit increase in physical problem severity compared to those who do not experience loneliness. Moreover, being 65 years old or older (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03-0.84), and having been born in Mexico and lived in the US for less than 30 years (AOR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02-0.74) are associated with negative main effects on loneliness when comparing individuals who experienced loneliness 1-2, and 5-7 days in the preceding week with those who did not feel loneliness during the same timeframe, respectively. Recognizing the crucial role of loneliness in shaping health outcomes for Mexican-origin adults, our findings underscore the significance of fostering supportive environments that not only enhance well-being but also cultivate robust community bonds within the US-Mexico border region.
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Soledad , Americanos Mexicanos , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Arizona , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Americanos Mexicanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Apoyo Social , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Enfermedad Crónica/psicología , Investigación Participativa Basada en la Comunidad , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
Introducción. Algunos estudios han señalado que la soledad podría estar relacionada con un aumento en el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer ya que puede debilitar la respuesta al tratamiento y del sistema inmunológico y promover comportamientos perjudiciales, lo que puede empeorar el pronóstico y aumentar la probabilidad de muerte en estos pacientes. El abordar la soledad en la salud pública es esencial para brindar apoyo social y mejorar los resultados en los pacientes con cáncer. Objetivo. Obtener un estimador de la asociación soledad no deseada - mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer. Materiales y métodos. Se le hizo el seguimiento durante dos años a una cohorte prospectiva de 400 pacientes (exposición=niveles de soledad; desenlace=tiempo hasta la muerte). Se incluyeron variables de control sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se utilizó un modelo de supervivencia paramétrico (log normal). Resultados. En la cohorte se encontró una mediana de supervivencia de 20,2 meses y una tasa de mortalidad de 3,2 muertes por 100 pacientes-mes (IC95%: 2,8 a 3,7). En el modelo de supervivencia se encontraron las siguientes razones de tiempo (RT): nivel moderado-nivel bajo: RT=0,55; IC95%: 0,39 a 0,77; nivel moderadamente alto-nivel bajo: RT=0,62; IC95%: 0.41 a 0.93; nivel alto-nivel bajo: RT=1,17; IC95%: 0,31 a 4,42. Conclusión. En comparación con los pacientes con niveles bajos de soledad, los pacientes con niveles moderados o moderadamente altos llegan más rápidamente a la muerte (RT estadísticamente significativas, habiendo ajustado por el efecto de las demás variables del modelo). Esto sugiere la utilidad de las intervenciones para mitigar la soledad y promover el apoyo social en los pacientes con cáncer.
Introduction. Some studies have indicated that loneliness may be associated with an increased risk of mortality in cancer patients, as it can weaken treatment response and the immune system, and promote harmful behaviors, worsening the prognosis and increasing the likelihood of death. Addressing loneliness in public health is essential to provide social support and improve outcomes in cancer patients. Objective. To obtain an estimator of the unwanted loneliness-mortality association. Materials and methods. We followed a prospective cohort of 400 patients for two years (exposure=loneliness levels; outcome=mortality; sociodemographic and clinical control variables were included). A parametric survival model (log normal) was used. Results. The cohort had a median survival of 20.2 months and a mortality rate of 3.2 deaths/100 patient-months (95% CI: 2.8 to 3.7). The survival model found the following time ratios (TR): moderate level/low level: TR=0.55; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.77; moderately high level/ low level: TR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.93; high level/low level: TR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.31 to 4.42. Conclusion. Compared to patients with low levels of loneliness, patients with moderate or moderately high levels reach death more quickly (statistically significant TRs, adjusted for the effect of other variables in the model); this highlights the need for interventions to mitigate loneliness and promote social support in patients having cancer.
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Humanos , Mortalidad , Soledad , Neoplasias , Aislamiento Social , Salud Pública , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
There is a lack of questionnaires specifically designed to assess social isolation in adolescents. We developed and validated a self-report measure of social isolation in adolescents, the Social Isolation Questionnaire (QIS). A literature review on social isolation and mental health in adolescents indicated 20 questions to form QIS. Two cross-sectional surveys with 48 and 1135 adolescents, respectively, evaluated the reproducibility and validity of QIS. The Bland-Altman plot did not indicate a systematic difference between measurements 15 days apart. Bartlett's sphericity test verified a correlation between the questions and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test showed good adequacy (.896) to the factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis suggested the exclusion of three questions (loading factors <0.3), and eigenvalues (4.9-0.8) indicated that the questionnaire should be composed of three factors (dimensions). The Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency of the 17 questions (0.850 overall; Dimensions: 0.815 'feeling of loneliness'; 0.760 'friendship'; and, 0.680 'Family support'). The QIS score ranged from 0 to 131 (maximum social isolation score). The correlation between QIS and depressive symptoms (r = .543) indicated the construct validity of QIS. We evaluated QIS in the Portuguese version, thus translation and cultural adaptation are necessary to evaluate the questionnaire in other settings. We constructed and validated the QIS questionnaire, a self-administered questionnaire to assess social isolation in adolescents, composed of three dimensions; feelings of loneliness, friendship and family support. The QIS questionnaire seems a very promising tool to support practitioners and researchers in assessing social isolation among adolescents.
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Soledad , Psicometría , Aislamiento Social , Humanos , Adolescente , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Transversales , Soledad/psicología , Análisis Factorial , Autoinforme , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The negative impact of loneliness on the health of the elderly is particularly noticeable because of the effects of central control on the autonomic nervous system. Such an impact can be assessed through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and can be modified using HRV biofeedback training. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different levels of social interaction reported by the elderly on HRV before and after training with HRV biofeedback and after a follow-up period. The participants of this pilot study comprised 16 elderly people of both sexes with a mean age of 71.20 ± 4.92 years. The participants were divided into two groups, the loneliness group (N = 8) and the no-loneliness group (N = 8), based on a combination of both criteria: the institutionalization condition (institutionalized or not) and the score on the loneliness scale (high or low). All participants had their HRV components recorded at baseline, after 14 training sessions with HRV biofeedback (three times a week, 15 min each for 4.5 weeks), and after 4.5 weeks of follow-up without training. After HRV biofeedback training, HRV components increased in both groups. However, the gains lasted at follow-up only in the no-loneliness group. In conclusion, loneliness can influence the maintenance of HRV after interruption of training with HRV biofeedback in the elderly. HRV biofeedback training can be an innovative and effective tool for complementary treatment of elderly individuals, but its effects on lonely elderly individuals need to be further investigated.
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Biorretroalimentación Psicológica , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Soledad , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Proyectos Piloto , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Anciano , Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/fisiología , Soledad/psicología , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Interacción SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate how youth with lived experience report their experience of depression in terms of features of depression and in relation to themselves and their environment. METHOD: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative research around the world that explored the subjective experience of depression among youth (age range, 10-24 years) who had self-reported, screened positive for, or received a formal diagnosis of the disorder. We used multiple databases to search for relevant studies published in any language up until March 2023. Studies were coded regarding features of depression reported by adolescents. We also used thematic synthesis to extract and synthesize descriptions of the lived experience of depression, and to develop analytic themes. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021218300. RESULTS: We identified a total of 23,424 unique records, and included 39 studies in the final review, representing the views of 884 adolescents with lived experience of depression. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries (72.8%), and the majority of participants were female (65%). The most frequently reported features of depression were sadness (present in 92.3% of the studies), social withdrawal (76.9%), and loneliness (69.2%). In addition, we constructed 3 themes that aimed to synthesize youths' accounts of their perceptions and experiences of depression: (1) making sense; (2) factoring in culture and contextual influences; and (3) accessing support and care. CONCLUSION: Some of the more commonly reported features of depression among youth are not explicitly included in the DSM/ICD diagnostic criteria but are highly relevant and closely connected to the experiences of adolescents. Moreover, contextual interpretations of depression may be more sensitive to capture representations and narratives of depression among youth. Thus, incorporating features of depression reported by adolescents could potentially increase accuracy of detection, promote collaborative work, and enhance therapeutic and care outcomes. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: In this systematic review, the authors investigated the experience of adolescent depression across the globe. Drawing from 39 qualitative studies representing the views of 884 adolescents from 16 different countries, the authors found that sadness, social withdrawal, and loneliness were the most frequently reported features of depression. The authors argue that contextual interpretations of depression may be more sensitive to capturing representations and narratives of depression than focusing solely on DSM/ICD criteria. The authors suggest that understanding personal narratives can create greater depth of understanding of youth experiences of depression. STUDY PREREGISTRATION INFORMATION: The lived experience of depression in adolescence: a systematic review of the qualitative literature; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; CRD42021218300.
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Depresión , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Depresión/psicología , Soledad/psicología , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mutual help groups in continuity of care, loneliness and psychosocial disability in a Colombian context. For this, a quasi-experimental design is used, with pre- and post-intervention assessments due to non-randomized participant allocation. The study involved 131 individuals with mental disorders. The Psychosocial Disability Scale, The Alberta Scale of Continuity of Services in Mental Health, the UCLA Scale and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale were employed. The intervention was based on the core components of mutual aid groups. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed for the study variables, particularly in Loneliness, Continuity of Care, and various domains of psychosocial disability. A large effect size was found for these variables after the intervention. Most variables exhibited a moderate to large effect. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of mutual groups facilitated by mental health personnel at the primary care level.
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Soledad , Trastornos Mentales , Pruebas Psicológicas , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Autoinforme , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Continuidad de la Atención al PacienteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Social isolation and loneliness are public health problems and are related to poor physical and mental health in older persons, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the influences of social isolation and loneliness on mood, cognition and sleep quality in older persons. METHODS: This study evaluated 82 older persons, with a median age of 69.16 years (range: 60.00-85.97). The older persons were assessed before and during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, symptoms of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory II, symptoms of anxiety using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, isolation by the Duke Social Support Index and three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. RESULTS: Our results revealed that loneliness is related to worsening anxiety symptoms (P = 0.008), and sleep quality (P = 0.011). Isolation is related to worsening sleep quality (P = 0.011). On the other hand, participants who did not isolate themselves during the pandemic felt more anxious (P = 0.021). In addition, older persons who were not isolated (P = 0.035) and had no loneliness (P = 0.007), have higher cognitive performance over time. CONCLUSION: Loneliness is related to worsening symptoms of anxiety and sleep quality. Our results showed that social isolation is related to worsening sleep quality. On the other hand, high social support during the COVID-19 pandemic increased anxiety. Furthermore, better cognitive performance is related to non-isolated and non-lonely participants.
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COVID-19 , Soledad , Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Aislamiento Social , Sueño , CogniciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted, employing the descriptors "Aged" and "Health Literacy". PROSPERO - CRD: 42022350140. RESULTS: Out of 23,500 articles screened, 176 were selected. Several factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults were identified, such as sociodemographic (e.g., advanced age, low educational level, non-white population, and others), social (e.g., poor family/social support, loneliness, social isolation, few social activities, and others), economic (e.g., lower income and/or lower socioeconomic status) and health aspects (e.g., poor health, chronic conditions, mental health challenges, hospitalizations, frailty, physical inactivity, cognitive impairment, and others). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults identified in this review could contribute to future research, support interventions to improve health literacy, and assist professionals in planning educational activities and public policies.
Asunto(s)
Alfabetización en Salud , Humanos , Anciano , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Soledad/psicología , Renta , Salud MentalRESUMEN
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a vida familiar, com ênfase na vivência da maternidade e na relação com os filhos. Participaram 20 mães de camadas sociais médias, de 29 a 45 anos, que mantinham atividades laborais a distância e estavam em isolamento social. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais em profundidade por meio digital. O material coletado foi transcrito e submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados mostraram que as mudanças impostas pela pandemia impactaram diretamente a vida familiar, explicitando as desigualdades de gênero na organização da rotina, distribuição de tarefas domésticas e cuidados parentais. Observou-se uma relação ambivalente das mães com a maternidade e com seus imperativos sociais, que reverberam no vínculo que estabelecem com seus filhos. A análise revela que a sobrecarga emocional e física contribui para exacerbar sentimentos de culpa e solidão vivenciados na relação com a maternidade, além de evidenciar conflitos no desempenho dos papéis de mãe, esposa e profissional. As entrevistadas demonstraram exaustão com as demandas domésticas e de cuidados com os filhos, além de conflitos relacionados ao descompasso entre expectativas e padrões sociais que regulam o exercício da maternidade e suas experiências pessoais como mães. As conclusões sugerem a presença de uma crise identitária relacionada aos ideais sociais vinculados às vivências da maternidade, o que convida a pensar na urgência de se olhar para o sofrimento materno, buscando compreender as dimensões subjetivas das transformações que perpassam essa experiência na vigência do isolamento social.
RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos del aislamiento social resultante de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la vida familiar, con énfasis en la experiencia de la maternidad y la relación con los niños. Participaron 20 madres de estratos sociales medios, de 29 a 45 años de edad, que mantenían actividades laborales a distancia y se encontraban en aislamiento social. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales exhaustivas por medios digitales. El material recopilado se transcribió y se sometió a un análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados mostraron que los cambios impuestos por la pandemia afectaban directamente a la vida familiar, lo que explicaba las desigualdades de género en la organización rutinaria, la distribución de las tareas domésticas y el cuidado de los niños. Se observó una relación ambivalente entre las madres y la maternidad y sus imperativos sociales, que reverberaban en el vínculo que establecen con sus hijos. El análisis revela que la sobrecarga emocional y física contribuye a exacerbar los sentimientos de culpa y soledad experimentados en la relación con la maternidad, además de mostrar conflictos en el desempeño de los papeles de madre, esposa y profesional. Las mujeres entrevistadas mostraron agotamiento con las demandas domésticas y el cuidado de sus hijos, además de conflictos relacionados con el desajuste entre las expectativas y las normas sociales que regulan el ejercicio de la maternidad y sus experiencias personales como madres. Las conclusiones sugieren la presencia de una crisis de identidad ligada a los ideales sociales vinculados a las experiencias de la maternidad, lo que invita a pensar en la urgencia de mirar el sufrimiento materno, tratando de comprender las dimensiones subjetivas de las transformaciones en tiempos de aislamiento social.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the impacts of the social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on family life, with emphasis on the experience of motherhood and the relationship with children. Twenty mothers from the middle social strata, from 29 to 45 years old, who kept working activities at a distance and were in social isolation, participated. In-depth individual interviews were conducted by digital means. The collected material was transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis. The results showed that the changes imposed by the pandemic directly impacted family life, highlighting gender inequalities in routine organization, distribution of household tasks and parental care. An ambivalent relationship was observed between mothers and maternity and their social imperatives, which reverberated in the bond they establish with their children. The analysis reveals that emotional and physical burden contributes to exacerbate feelings of guilt and loneliness experienced in the relationship with motherhood, in addition to showing conflicts in the performance of the roles of mother, wife and professional. The women interviewed showed exhaustion with domestic and child care demands, in addition to conflicts related to the mismatch between expectations and social standards that regulate the exercise of motherhood and their personal experiences as mothers. The conclusions suggest the presence of an identity crisis due to the social ideals linked to the experiences of motherhood, which invites us to think about the urgency of looking at maternal suffering, seeking to understand the subjective dimensions of the transformations that this experience goes through in the times of social isolation.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología , Cuarentena/psicología , COVID-19/psicología , Madres/psicología , Psicoanálisis , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiología , Familia/psicología , Composición Familiar , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Esposos/psicología , Emociones/fisiología , Soledad/psicologíaRESUMEN
Addictive behaviors related to Internet are becoming more common and this tool has been essential once it enables home office, entertainment, homeschooling, and easy access to information. Despite the easiness brought by technology, the exaggerated use has affected users in different ways, including in the development of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess internet addiction, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention, impulsivity, and stress in 48 adolescents (26 young women and 22 young men), aged from 15 to 18 years, with a mean age of 16.74 (0.61), mostly students of public schools, during COVID-19, to investigate correlations between these variables according to sex and sociodemographic aspects. To assess the factors, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT); the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) Questionnaire ; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale for brazilian adolescents (EDAE-A); the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11); and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The data collection was performed in schools located in southern Brazil. The results indicated that 12 out of 48 adolescents were considered addicted to the Internet. Moreover, Internet addiction was a predictor of depression in regression analysis (p<0.001). In addition, participants classified as more addicted to the Internet scored lower averages in general attention (p<0.035) and higher averages in behavioral symptoms of inattention and ADHD (p<0.050), stress (p<0.003), anxiety (p<0.016), and depression (p<0.015), with effect sizes ranging from moderate to high. Therefore, the intense internet use by adolescents might cause psychological consequences such as depression in adolescents. Family support and professional intervention might help in the reduction of symptoms and consequences of internet addiction as well as in its prevention.(AU)
A dependência de internet é cada vez mais comum, pois essa ferramenta tem se tornado imprescindível, uma vez que possibilita home office, entretenimento, educação domiciliar e fácil acesso às informações. No entanto, o uso exagerado da tecnologia afeta os usuários de diversas formas, inclusive no desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos. Este estudo visou avaliar a dependência de internet, depressão, ansiedade, hiperatividade, atenção, impulsividade e estresse em 48 adolescentes (26 meninas e 22 meninos) de 15 a 18 anos, com idade média de 16,74 (0,61), estudantes de escolas públicas do Sul do Brasil durante a covid-19, para investigar correlações entre as variáveis anteriores de acordo com gênero e aspectos sociodemográficos. Para avaliar, aplicou-se o Internet Addiction Test (IAT), um teste de atenção, escala SNAP IV, escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse para adolescentes (EDAE-A), escala de impulsividade de Barratt e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que 12 adolescentes foram considerados viciados em internet, e que a dependência desta foi preditora da depressão na análise de regressão (p < 0,001). Ainda, os participantes classificados como adictos tiveram médias mais baixas em atenção geral (p < 0,035) e mais altas em sintomas comportamentais de desatenção e hiperatividade (p < 0,050), estresse (p < 0,003), ansiedade (p < 0,016) e depressão (p < 0,015), com efeitos que variaram de moderado a alto. Portanto, o uso intenso da internet por adolescentes pode ter consequências psicológicas, como a depressão. Bom apoio familiar e intervenção profissional podem ajudar na redução dos sintomas e consequências, bem como na prevenção da dependência.(AU)
La adicción a Internet es cada vez más habitual, puesto que esta herramienta es esencial para el trabajo remoto, el entretenimiento, la educación domiciliar y el fácil acceso a la información. Sin embargo, su uso exagerado afecta a la vida de las personas de diferentes maneras, incluso en el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adicción a Internet, depresión, ansiedad, hiperactividad, atención, impulsividad y estrés en 48 adolescentes (26 muchachas y 22 muchachos), de entre 15 y 18 años, con una edad promedio de 16,74 (0,61), en su mayoría estudiantes de escuelas públicas del Sur de Brasil, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, para investigar las correlaciones entre las variables mencionadas según género y aspectos sociodemográficos. Para evaluar los factores, se aplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet (TAI), un test de atención, la escala SNAP IV, la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés para adolescentes (EDAE-A), la escala de impulsividad de Barratt y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los resultados indicaron que 12 adolescentes fueron considerados adictos a Internet, además, la adicción a Internet fue un predictor de la depresión en el análisis de regresión (p<0,001). Igualmente, los participantes clasificados como más adictos a Internet tuvieron promedios más bajos en atención general (p<0,035), y más altos en síntomas conductuales de falta de atención e hiperactividad (p<0,050), estrés (p<0,003), ansiedad (p<0,016) y depresión (p<0,015), con efectos que varían de moderado a alto. Por lo tanto, el uso intenso podría producir consecuencias psicológicas como la depresión en los adolescentes. Tener un buen apoyo familiar e intervención profesional puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas y las consecuencias de la adicción a Internet, así como prevenirla.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adolescente , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Adicción a la Tecnología , Trastornos Mentales , Percepción , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Fenómenos Psicológicos , Pruebas Psicológicas , Psicología , Psicología Social , Desempeño Psicomotor , Psicopatología , Psicoterapia , Rechazo en Psicología , Autoimagen , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Ajuste Social , Alienación Social , Medio Social , Aislamiento Social , Ciencias Sociales , Socialización , Factores Socioeconómicos , Sociología , Estrés Psicológico , Análisis y Desempeño de Tareas , Terapéutica , Tiempo , Simplificación del Trabajo , Consultorios Médicos , Trastorno Bipolar , Tedio , Redes de Comunicación de Computadores , Timidez , Actividades Cotidianas , Computadores , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Comorbilidad , Corteza Cerebral , Defensa del Niño , Protección a la Infancia , Salud Mental , Salud Pública , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Conducta del Adolescente , Conducta Adictiva , Administración del Tiempo , Cognición , Medios de Comunicación , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Manifestaciones Neuroconductuales , Trastornos Neurocognitivos , Ingenio y Humor , Consejo , Educación a Distancia , Afecto , Cultura , Salud del Adolescente , Trastorno Depresivo , Desplazamiento Psicológico , Economía , Emociones , Equipos y Suministros , Prevención de Enfermedades , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Cerebro , Conflicto Familiar , Miedo , Conducta Sedentaria , Función Ejecutiva , Pandemias , Disfunción Cognitiva , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Financiación Personal , Atención Plena , Habilidades Sociales , Teléfono Inteligente , Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente , Procrastinación , Neuroticismo , Rendimiento Académico , Éxito Académico , Realidad Virtual , Ciberacoso , Redes Sociales en Línea , Tiempo de Pantalla , Frustación , Análisis de Datos , Intervención basada en la Internet , Distrés Psicológico , Comparación Social , Interacción Social , COVID-19 , Ritmo Cognitivo Lento , Videojuego de Ejercicio , Privación Social , Factores Sociodemográficos , Trastorno de Conducta Sexual Compulsivo , Trastorno de Oposición Desafiante , Amígdala del Cerebelo , Hostilidad , Visita Domiciliaria , Ergonomía , Conducta Impulsiva , Relaciones Interpersonales , Introversión Psicológica , Ira , Aprendizaje , Sistema Límbico , Soledad , Procesos Mentales , Motivación , Actividad Motora , Movimiento , NeurologíaRESUMEN
This study addresses the relation between subjectivity and contemporary enslaved labor from the enslaved workers' narratives in Brazil. A qualitative social research was carried out based on a constructionist perspective. We sought interaction with rescued workers and used (a) participant observation of workers' routine in an institutional project that supports them and a field diary, (b) semi-structured and open individual interviews with workers and a member of the team project. The fieldwork lasted a year and a half and the analysis followed Content Analysis. Freudian theory and Foucault's thought were used for interpretation, which managed to understand aspects of workers' experiences, exploitation characteristics, parental abandonment, as well as the tensions in self-classification as enslaved. The narratives pointed to a dramatic reality manifested in body exploitation, authoritarian abuses, violence, and negligence. At the same time, these narratives showed forms of worker resistance that calls for further investigations to increase knowledge on the subjective experiences of those who were enslaved.(AU)
O artigo aborda as relações entre subjetividade e trabalho escravo contemporâneo a partir da narrativa de trabalhadores(as) escravazados(as). Foi realizada uma pesquisa social qualitativa em uma perspectiva construcionista. Buscamos a interação com trabalhadores resgatados e realizamos a observação participante da rotina de trabalhadores atendidos em um projeto institucional, com diário de campo, e entrevistas individuais (semiestruturadas e abertas) com trabalhadores(as) e equipe do projeto institucional. O trabalho de campo durou um ano e meio, e a pesquisa foi realizada com o suporte da Análise de Conteúdo. Para a interpretação utilizamos aportes da teoria freudiana e do pensamento de Foucault, com os quais foi possível compreender aspectos das vivências dos trabalhadores, características da exploração, abandonos parentais e tensões em torno da autoclassificação como "escravo". As narrativas apontaram uma realidade dramática manifesta na exploração do corpo, em abusos autoritários, na violência e negligência. Ao mesmo tempo, as narrativas evidenciaram formas de resistência dos trabalhadores que convocam mais investigações para adensar o conhecimento sobre as experiências subjetivas desses que estão num lugar de escravizado(a).(AU)
Este artículo aborda la relación entre la subjetividad y el trabajo esclavo contemporáneo desde la narrativa de trabajadores esclavizados. Se realizó una investigación social cualitativa desde una perspectiva construccionista. Buscamos la interacción con los trabajadores liberados y utilizamos la observación participante de la rutina de los trabajadores atendidos en un proyecto institucional, diario de campo y entrevistas individuales (semiestructuradas y abiertas) con trabajadores y miembros del equipo del proyecto institucional. El trabajo de campo duró un año y medio, y se utilizó como apoyo el análisis de contenido. Para la interpretación se utilizaron aportes de la teoría freudiana y el pensamiento de Foucault, con lo que fue posible comprender aspectos de las vivencias de los trabajadores, características del escenario de explotación, abandono parental y las tensiones relacionadas con la autoclasificación "esclavo". Las narrativas apuntan a una realidad dramática manifestada en la explotación del cuerpo, abuso autoritario, violencia y abandono. Al mismo tiempo, evidenciaron formas de resistencia por parte de los trabajadores, que reclaman más investigaciones para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre las vivencias subjetivas de quienes se encuentran en esclavitud.(AU)