RESUMEN

This non-randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effect of the 5:2 diet on insulin levels as a primary outcome and markers of insulin secretion (connecting peptide (C-peptide) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1)) and sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), as well as body composition as secondary outcomes in overweight/obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven participants (62% women), 35 with T2D and 62 BMI- and waist-matched controls without T2D, followed the 5:2 diet (two days per week of fasting) for six months with a 12-month follow-up. At six months, there was no loss to follow-up in the T2D group, whereas four controls discontinued this study. Overall, 82% attended the 12-month follow-up. After the intervention, insulin levels decreased in the control group and glucose decreased in the T2D group, while C-peptide, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, BMI, trunk, and total fat% decreased in both groups. Furthermore, low IGFBP-1, indicating hyperinsulinemia, improved in the T2D group. The changes in fasting glucose and waist measurement were significantly more improved in the T2D group than in the controls. Persistent positive effects were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The 5:2 diet for six months was feasible and efficient to reduce markers of insulin secretion and resistance and therefore holds promise as management of overweight/obesity in subjects with and without T2D.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistencia a la Insulina , Secreción de Insulina , Insulina , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insulina/metabolismo , Insulina/sangre , Péptido C/sangre , Péptido C/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/sangre , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Dieta , Índice de Masa Corporal , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Composición Corporal , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia

RESUMEN

Obesity is a critical public health issue, necessitating effective weight loss interventions. While various dietary regimens have been explored, individual responses to interventions often vary. This study involved a 3-month dietary intervention aiming at assessing the role of macronutrient composition and the potential role of genetic predisposition in weight loss among Greek adults. This randomized clinical trial followed the CONSORT principles, recruiting 202 participants overall; 94 received a hypocaloric, high-protein diet and 108 received a high-carbohydrate, hypocaloric diet. Genetic predispositions were assessed through 10 target variants known for their BMI associations. Participants' weight and BMI values were recorded at baseline and post-intervention (n = 202 at baseline, n = 84 post-intervention) and an imputation method was applied to account for the observed missing values. Participants experienced a statistically significant weight loss across all dietary regimens (p < 0.001). Genetic analyses did not display statistically significant effects on weight loss. No significant differences in weight loss were observed between macronutrient groups, aligning with the POUNDS Lost and DIETFITS studies. This study underscores the importance of dietary interventions for weight loss and the potential contributions of genetic makeup. These findings contribute to obesity management within the Greek population and support the need for further research in personalized interventions.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Reductora , Nutrientes , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grecia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Dieta Reductora/métodos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta Rica en Proteínas , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

This study analyzes the effects on body composition and variables related to metabolic syndrome of two coffees with different degree of roasting and phenolic content. Sixty participants with body mass index between 25 and 35 kg/m2 and a median age of 51.0 years (Interquartile range 46.3-56) were recruited. The study was a controlled, randomized, single-blind crossover trial consisting in drinking three cups/day of roasted coffee (RC) or lightly roasted coffee (LRC) during 12 weeks with 2-week wash-out stages before each coffee intervention. LRC contained ≈400 mg of hydroxycinnamic acids and ≈130 mg of caffeine per 200 mL/cup while RC contained ≈150 mg of hydroxycinnamic acids and ≈70 mg of caffeine per 200 mL/cup. Along the study, in each of the six visits, blood pressure, body composition by bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, and blood biochemistry were analyzed. The mean differences and p values were calculated using a linear mixed model (JASP.v.0.18.0.3). A total of 38 participants completed the study. After the consumption of both coffees, fat mass and body fat percentage (LRC: -1.4%, p < 0.001; RC: -1.0%, p = 0.005) were reduced, whereas muscle mass and muscle mass percentage slightly increased (LRC: 0.8%, p < 0.001; RC: 0.7%, p = 0.002). The decrease in fat percentage was greater with LRC compared to RC (-0.8%; p = 0.029). There were no significant changes in metabolic syndrome variables or in body weight. In conclusion, LRC was slightly superior at inducing changes in body composition.

Asunto(s)

Composición Corporal , Café , Estudios Cruzados , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Fenoles , Humanos , Café/química , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Método Simple Ciego , Fenoles/análisis , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Cafeína/administración & dosificación , Índice de Masa Corporal , Adulto , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia

RESUMEN

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age leads to significant health risks, including adverse metabolic and reproductive outcomes. Effective dietary interventions are critical to improving health outcomes in this population. This study investigates the impact of a 12-week diet intervention on metabolic markers of adipose tissue in overweight women of reproductive age, determining whether calorie restriction or low-starch diets are more effective, while also accounting for salivary amylase activity. A total of 67 overweight women of reproductive age were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants were divided into high-salivary-amylase (HSA) and low-salivary-amylase (LSA) groups based on baseline salivary amylase activity measured using a spectrophotometric method. Each group was further subdivided into two dietary intervention groups: calorie restriction (CR) and low starch (LS), resulting in four subgroups (HSA-CR, HSA-LS, LSA-CR, LSA-LS), along with a control group (CTR) of normal-weight individuals (no intervention). Participants were assigned to a calorie-restricted diet or a low-starch diet for 12 weeks. Key metabolic markers of adipose tissue, including insulin sensitivity, adipokines, cytokines, and lipid profiles, were measured at baseline (T0), 30 min after consuming starch-containing muesli (T1), and 12 weeks after intervention (T2). Active GLP-1, glucagon, and C-peptide levels were assessed to clarify the hormonal mechanisms underlying the dietary effects. Salivary amylase activity was also measured to examine its role in modulating glucose and GLP-1 responses. Both diet interventions led to significant improvements in metabolic markers of adipose tissue, though different ones. Calorie restriction improved insulin sensitivity by effectively reducing visceral fat mass and enhancing insulin signaling pathways. In contrast, the low-starch diet was linked to a reduction in the coefficient of glucose variation influenced partly by changes in GLP-1 levels. Our findings highlight the importance of personalized diet strategies to optimize metabolic health in this demographic.

Asunto(s)

Tejido Adiposo , Biomarcadores , Restricción Calórica , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Restricción Calórica/métodos , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Adipoquinas/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Saliva/metabolismo

RESUMEN

This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with dietary modifications, on working memory (WM) in individuals living with overweight and obesity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Springer-Link, RefSeek, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant publications up to January 18, 2024. Data on participants' characteristics, intervention settings, and key outcomes related to WM were extracted. The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 15 articles met pre-established inclusion criteria, involving participants across nine countries with a range of 12-125 individuals and ages spanning from 6 to 80 years old. Among the studies analyzed, 10 exclusively investigated exercise interventions, whereas five explored the combined effects. Notably, 70% of the exercise interventions (7 out of 10) exhibited positive improvements in WM. Likewise, 60% of the combined interventions (3 out of 5) demonstrated favorable enhancements in WM. No differences were found between the two protocols. Common features between the protocols were identified and described. Both protocols showed favorable and promising effects on WM in this clinical population. Nonetheless, the limited evidence addressing the combination of exercise and diet in the same research approach reduces the generalizability of the findings. This review offers valuable insights for future clinical and research applications in people with overweight and obesity.

Asunto(s)

Memoria a Corto Plazo , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Ejercicio Físico , Terapia Combinada

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: We previously documented the beneficial effects of rice bran oil (RBO) on cardiac function and atherogenic cardiometabolic factors in men with coronary artery disease. Therefore, the existing evidence in this area aims to be expanded by investigating the impact of adding RBO to a daily standard diet on emerging insulin resistance surrogate markers, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status, and metabolic disturbances in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) through an open-label controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 50 overweight/obese adults (mean body mass index (BMI) = 31.08 kg/m2) with at least 3 MetSyn components were randomly allocated to either the control group, which received a standard diet plan, or the intervention group, which was supplemented with 30 g/d RBO for 8 weeks. BMI, MetSyn components, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride‒glucose‒BMI (TyG‒BMI), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and plasma polyphenol levels were measured before and after this open-label trial. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline values revealed that, compared with patients who received only a standard diet, those who were supplemented with 30 g/d RBO presented significantly lower total cholesterol (P value = 0.005; effect size (ES):-0.92), LDL-cholesterol (P value = 0.048; ES:-0.62), fasting blood glucose (P value = 0.014; ES:-0.77), MDA (P value = 0.002; ES: -1.01), METS-IR (P value < 0.001; ES: -1.24), and TyG-BMI (P value = 0.007; ES:-0.85) after 8 weeks. Additionally, RBO consumption resulted in significantly higher levels of HDL-C (P value = 0.004; ES:0.94) and TAC (P value < 0.0001; ES:2.05). However, no significant changes were noted in BMI, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, plasma polyphenols, or blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Although the current findings suggest that the hypocholesterolemic, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidative effects of 30 g/d RBO seem to be promising for MetSyn patients, they should be considered preliminary. Therefore, further well-designed clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to confirm these findings.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Peroxidación de Lípido , Síndrome Metabólico , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Aceite de Salvado de Arroz , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólico/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/sangre , Femenino , Índice de Masa Corporal , Resistencia a la Insulina , Malondialdehído/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aronia melanocarpa is nowadays valued for its high content of biologically active substances, the main group of which are polyphenols, which include anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids. From the available sources, we can conclude that extracts and juices from black chokeberry have a great potential in human nutrition and influence on their health. OBJECTIVE: The research was to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of 100% organic chokeberry juice on selected anthropometric and lipid parameters of overweight or obese women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical study consisted of 19 women with overweight and obesity, age from 44 to 63. The probands consumed 50 ml of chokeberry juice daily for 8 weeks as part of their regular diet. Body composition and biochemical indicators were monitored before consumption, after 4 and 8 weeks of nutritional intervention. Body composition was determined using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) - InBody 720. Biochemical analyzes of blood serum were performed using standard methods in an accredited laboratory using automatic biochemical analyzer a BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. RESULTS: The monitored group of probands is characterized by menopausale and postmenopausale women, overweight or obese women with hypercholesterolemia without pharmacological treatment. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed when evaluating the amount of body fat (BFM) of the probands before the start of consumption and after the consumption of chokeberry juice. We noted a statistically significant reduction especially in the assessment of visceral fat (VFA) (p<0.001). There were no fundamentally significant changes in the lipid profile of women in this intervention study. With short-term consumption of chokeberry juice (after 4 weeks), we recorded an average reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, but without statistical significant. We also focused on the evaluation of the inflammatory marker CRP and noted a significant beneficial reduction of CRP (p˂0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the research, we evaluated the effect of 8 weeks consumption of 100% chokeberry juice on selected anthropometric parameters, focusing on changes in visceral fat and total fat in overweight and obese women. In conclusion, we can state that the regular consumption of chokeberry juice has a beneficial effect on fat tissue in women of reproductive age, which can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Asunto(s)

Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Photinia , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Photinia/química , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Adulto , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/sangre , Composición Corporal , Lípidos/sangre

RESUMEN

Weight loss can positively alter female physiology; however, whether dietary carbohydrate- or fat- restriction confer unique effects is less studied. Precisely designed, hypocaloric well-formulated ketogenic diets (KD; ~75% energy for weight maintenance) were compared to isocaloric/isonitrogenous low-fat diet (LFD) on self-reported menses in pre-menopausal overweight and obese women (mean ± SD: 34 ± 10 years, BMI: 32.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2). Women received a precisely-weighed and formulated KD with either twice-daily with ketone salts (KS; n = 6) or a flavor-matched placebo (PL; n = 7) daily for six-weeks. An age and BMI-matched cohort (n = 6) was later assigned to the LFD and underwent the same testing procedures as the KD. Self-reported menses fluctuations were assessed bi-weekly along with measures of body weight, body composition, and fasting serum clinical chemistries using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc corrections. Both diets elicited clinically-significant weight-loss (Δ: -7.0 ± 0.5 kg; p < 0.001), primarily from fat-mass (Δ: -4.6 ± 0.3 kg; p < 0.001), and improved insulin-sensitivity and serum lipids (all p < 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose and inflammatory markers were not different between diets. Fasting capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate (R-ßHB) increased significantly during the KD, independent of supplementation (Δ: 1.2 ± 0.3 mM R-ßHB; p < 0.001). Women randomized to the KD+KS (30%) and KD+PL (43%) reported subjective increases in menses frequency and intensity after 14 days, whereas another third reported a regain of menses (>1 year since the last period) after 28 days. No LFD participants reported menses changes. Nutrient-dense, whole-food KDs and LFD improved weight, BMI, body composition, and blood parameters in pre-menopausal women after six-weeks. Changes in self-reported menses were described by most of the KD participants, but none of the LFD women suggesting there may be unique effects of nutritional ketosis, independent of weight loss.

Asunto(s)

Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Dieta Cetogénica , Obesidad , Autoinforme , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Menstruación/fisiología , Composición Corporal , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Adulto Joven

Asunto(s)

Índice Glucémico , Carga Glucémica , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for the treatment of obesity recommend dietary restriction to create a caloric deficit, and caloric reductions of 16% to 68% have been achieved in adults with overweight or obesity engaging in intentional weight loss programs. OBJECTIVES: This study models the impact of simulated caloric reduction on nutrient adequacy among U.S. adults ≥19 y with overweight or obesity using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2015-2018). METHODS: Four levels of caloric reduction (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were modeled by prorating daily calorie intake such that usual intakes of 14 nutrients were reduced proportional to caloric reduction. The percentages below the estimated average requirement (EAR) or above the adequate intake (AI) were estimated at each level of caloric reduction, with and without dietary supplement use. Differences across percentages of simulated caloric reductions were determined using nonoverlapping confidence intervals of the means (97.5th percentile confidence intervals were used to approximate P < 0.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in percentages below the EAR (above the AI) between sequential levels of simulated caloric reduction for most of the nutrients analyzed (protein, vitamins A, B-6, folate, and C, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc). For example, after a simulated 30% caloric reduction, 25%-40% of the population had intakes below the EAR for protein, vitamin B-6, and zinc, and 75%-91% of the population had intakes below the EAR for vitamin A, calcium, and magnesium (vs. 4%-18% and 45%-56%, respectively, without caloric reduction). With the inclusion of dietary supplements, percentages below the EAR for all nutrients (except protein) were lower than those for food alone. CONCLUSIONS: Caloric reduction may exacerbate nutrient inadequacies among adults with overweight or obesity. Inclusion of nutrient-dense foods, fortified foods, specially formulated products, and/or dietary supplements should be considered for those on calorie-restricted diets for long-term weight loss.

Asunto(s)

Restricción Calórica , Encuestas Nutricionales , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Adulto , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Estados Unidos , Masculino , Femenino , Ingestión de Energía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nutrientes , Adulto Joven , Estado Nutricional

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) appears to be a promising dietary intervention to control inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effect of daily BN consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and IP in the context of an energy-restricted intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation between the changes in these inflammatory markers and the changes in serum selenium and IP. METHODS: In this 8-wk nonrandomized controlled trial, 56 women with overweight or obesity were allocated into 2 groups, both following an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal/d). The control group (CO) consumed a nut-free diet, while the BN group consumed 8 g BN/d, providing 347.2 µg selenium (Se). Inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in plasma and Se in serum. IP was assessed using the lactulose/mannitol test (LM ratio). RESULTS: Forty-six women completed the intervention. Both groups achieved similar energy restriction (CO Δ= -253.7 ± 169.4 kcal/d; BN Δ= -265.8 ± 141.8 kcal/d) and weight loss (CO Δ= -2.5 ± 0.5 kg; BN Δ= -3.5 ± 0.5 kg). The BN group showed lower values of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)1-ß, IL-8, percentage lactulose excretion, and LM ratio than the CO group. Additionally, changes in serum Se concentration were predictive of changes in IL-8 concentration (ß: -0.054; adjusted R2: 0.100; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.100; -0.007; P = 0.025), and changes in IL-8 were predictive of changes in the LM ratio (ß: 0.006; adjusted R2: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.011; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Regular intake of BNs can be a promising complementary dietary strategy for controlling low-grade inflammation and improving IP in women with overweight/obesity undergoing energy-restricted treatment. However, the effects of BNs seem to be Se status-dependent. This trial was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3ntxrm/.

Asunto(s)

Bertholletia , Biomarcadores , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Selenio , Humanos , Femenino , Bertholletia/química , Adulto , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Selenio/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Restricción Calórica , Permeabilidad , Brasil , Nueces , Citocinas/sangre , Funcion de la Barrera Intestinal

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Ayuno , Hipoglucemiantes , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiología , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Comidas , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Sobrepeso/sangre , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Alimentos Especializados

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Understanding why subjects with overweight and with obesity vary in their response to dietary interventions is of major interest for developing personalized strategies for body mass regulation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in the urine metabolome and body mass during a breakfast meal intervention. Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate if the baseline urine metabolome could predict the response to the two types of breakfast meals (high versus low protein) during the intervention. METHODS: A total of 75 young, women with overweight were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups: (1) High-protein (HP) or (2) low-protein (LP) breakfast as part of their habitual diet during a 12-week intervention. Beside the breakfast meal, participants were instructed to eat their habitual diet and maintain their habitual physical activity level. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was conducted on urine samples collected at baseline (wk 0), mid-intervention (wk 6), and at endpoint (wk 12). At baseline and endpoint, body mass was measured and DXA was used to measure lean body mass and fat mass. RESULTS: The baseline urine metabolite profile showed a slightly higher correlation (R2 = 0.56) to body mass in comparison with lean body mass (R2 = 0.51) and fat mass (R2 = 0.53). Baseline 24-h urinary excretion of trigonelline (p = 0.04), N, N-dimethylglycine (p = 0.02), and trimethylamine (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in individuals who responded with a reduction in body mass to the HP breakfast. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the urine metabolome were seen for women that obtained a body weight loss in the response to the HP breakfast intervention and women who did not obtain a body weight loss, indicating that the urine metabolome contains information about the metabolic phenotype that influences the responsiveness to dietary interventions.

Asunto(s)

Composición Corporal , Desayuno , Metaboloma , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Femenino , Sobrepeso/orina , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Metabolómica/métodos , Adulto Joven , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

Excess body weight in pediatric patients and the resulting dyslipidemia, if left untreated, are a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young adults. Despite this, there is still no effective and validated nutritional strategy for the treatment of overweight/obesity and comorbid dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. A low-glycemic index (LGI) diet may be recommended, but evidence for its effectiveness in the pediatric population is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutritional intervention in children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia. The study was conducted in patients aged 8-16 with overweight or obesity and lipid disorders (n = 64), of which 40 participants who completed the entire 8-week study were included in the analysis. Patients were randomly selected and allocated to one of the two dietary groups: the LGI diet or the standard therapy (ST) diet. Both diets were based on the principal recommendation of Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet-2 (CHILD-2). This study showed that both LGI and ST diets were equally beneficial in reducing body weight, body fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The LGI diet, compared to the ST diet, was less effective in reducing blood TG levels but more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Therefore, the choice of the type of diet in the treatment of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia may be individual. However, it should be based on the recommendation of CHILD-2. Further long-term, larger-scale studies are needed.

Asunto(s)

Dislipidemias , Índice Glucémico , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Dislipidemias/dietoterapia , Dislipidemias/sangre , Dislipidemias/terapia , Peso Corporal , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Presión Sanguínea , Obesidad Infantil/dietoterapia , Obesidad Infantil/terapia , Triglicéridos/sangre

RESUMEN

Obesity is a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the most optimal type of nutritional intervention to prevent GDM in high-risk women is not clearly defined. This study investigates if nutritional treatment based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) before the 12th gestational week (GW) in women at high risk due to a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 reduces the rate of GDM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) at 3 years postpartum. We performed a post-hoc analysis of the San Carlos Gestational Prevention Study. A total of 735 women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were evaluated between 2015 and 2018, with 246 in the standard diet control group (CG) and 489 in the MedDiet intervention group (IG). The rate of GDM was significantly lower in IG compared to CG (25.1% vs. 31.7%), relative risk (95% confidence interval), and 0.89 (0.78-0.99); p = 0.037. Postnatal follow-up was completed by 141 women in CG (57%) and 312 women in IG (64%). At 3 years postpartum, we observed a reduction in the rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (0.51 (0.28-0.92); p = 0.019), obesity (0.51 (0.28-0.92); p = 0.041), waist circumference (WC) ≥ 89.5 cm (0.54 (0.31-0.94); p = 0.022), and MetS (0.56 (0.33-0.94); p = 0.003). MedDiet reduces the rate of GDM and postpartum MetS in women with BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, suggesting that its implementation should be routinely recommended from the first GWs.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Gestacional , Dieta Mediterránea , Síndrome Metabólico , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Diabetes Gestacional/prevención & control , Adulto , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Obesidad/complicaciones , Síndrome Metabólico/prevención & control , Índice de Masa Corporal , Factores de Riesgo , Glucemia/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Obesity stands out as a primary risk factor for diabetes. Attaining healthy weight loss, especially reducing body fat, is important in managing prediabetes and preventing progression to full diabetes and its co-morbidities. This study examined the effects of personalized nutrition therapy (PNT) combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on body weight and composition in individuals with prediabetes. A total of 30 individuals with prediabetes who were overweight or obese were assigned randomly to either the treatment, observed CGM data plus PNT, or the control group which was blinded to their blood glucose results throughout the study. Both groups were provided with dietary recommendations for calorie intake and macronutrient distribution, coupled with personalized goal setting for glucose control and healthy eating, without any specific emphasis on weight reduction or changes in physical activity. Regular visits were scheduled every 10 days to perform measurements and replace CGMs. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model with repeated measures. Over the 30-day follow-up period, both groups experienced significant reductions in weight and fat mass. The treatment group exhibited two-fold greater reductions in both weight and fat mass, a significant decrease in carbohydrate intake, and a significant increase in time spent on physical activitycompared to the control group. In addition, compliance was notably higher in the treatment group. These findings indicate that overweight or obese individuals with prediabetes can achieve weight loss and improved body composition through personalized education for glucose control, without exclusively emphasizing weight loss as the primary objective. Additionally, the real-time feedback provided by CGM enhances these improvements.

Asunto(s)

Terapia Nutricional , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Medicina de Precisión , Estado Prediabético , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Estado Prediabético/dietoterapia , Estado Prediabético/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Adulto , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Consejo/métodos , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Ejercicio Físico , Composición Corporal

RESUMEN

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 in combination with inulin has been shown to have several health benefits, including an improvement in the intestinal microbiota and a reduction in human visceral fat. Previous studies have suggested that the visceral fat reduction of GCL2505 and inulin may be achieved by improving daily energy expenditure. This parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of GCL2505 and inulin on resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight or mildly obese Japanese adults (n = 44). Participants ingested 1 × 1010 colony forming units of GCL2505 and 5.0 g of inulin daily for 4 weeks. REE score at week 4 was set as the primary endpoint. At week 4, the REE score of the GCL2505 and inulin group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group, with a difference of 84.4 kcal/day. In addition, fecal bifidobacteria counts were significantly increased in the GCL2505 and inulin group. Our results indicated that the intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves energy balance, which is known to be a major factor of obesity, by modulating the microbiota in the gut. This is the first report to demonstrate the effects of probiotics and dietary fiber on REE in humans.

Asunto(s)

Fibras de la Dieta , Heces , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Obesidad , Probióticos , Humanos , Método Doble Ciego , Masculino , Femenino , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Inulina/farmacología , Heces/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Metabolismo Energético , Bifidobacterium , Sobrepeso/microbiología , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Bifidobacterium animalis , Japón , Metabolismo Basal/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Diets for weight loss have a long history but an ideal one has not yet been clearly identified. To compare low-fat and lower carbohydrate diets, we designed The Preventing Overweight by Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost study. This is a 2 × 2 factorial study with diets of 20% or 40% fat and 15% or 25% protein with a graded carbohydrate intake of 35, 45, 55 and 65%. Weight loss, overall, was modest at nearly 6% with all four diets, and no significant dietary difference. The variability in weight loss in each diet group was significant, ranging from greater than 20% to a small weight gain. Studies of genetic variations in relation to weight loss showed that the diet that was selected could significantly affect weight loss, emphasizing that there is no ideal diet and more than one diet can be used to treat obesity. Weight loss was also influenced by the level of baseline triiodothyronine or thyroxine, and baseline carbohydrate and insulin resistance. Achieving a stable Health Eating Food Diversity Index, eating more protein, eating more fiber, engaging in more physical activity, sleeping better and eating less ultra-processed foods were beneficial strategies for weight loss in this trial. Although there is no "ideal diet", both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet have clinical trials showing their significant benefit for cardiovascular risk factors. Finally, the lesson of the "Last Chance Diet", which recommended a diet with protein from gelatin, proved that some diets could be hazardous.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos , Obesidad , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Dieta Baja en Carbohidratos/métodos , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas/métodos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Dieta Mediterránea , Adulto , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Resistencia a la Insulina

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian dysfunction. Recent studies showed the effectiveness of licorice on metabolic profiles with inconsistent findings. So, we investigated the effect of licorice on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in women with PCOS. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 66 overweight/obese women with PCOS. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1.5 gr/day licorice extract plus a low-calorie diet (n = 33) or placebo plus a low-calorie diet (n = 33) for 8 weeks. Participants' anthropometric indices and body composition were assessed using standard protocols. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin levels, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using enzymatic kits. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA of ß-cell function (HOMA-B) were calculated using valid formulas. RESULTS: Between-group comparisons demonstrated significant differences between the groups in terms of obesity indices (body weight, BMI, and body fat), lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), FBS and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Supplementation with licorice plus a low-calorie diet was also more effective in improving all parameters than a low-calorie diet alone after adjusting for confounders (baseline values, age, weight changes, and physical activity changes) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that licorice consumption leads to improvements in obesity indices, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profiles compared to placebo. Due to possible limitations of the study, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Asunto(s)

Restricción Calórica , Glycyrrhiza , Lípidos , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Extractos Vegetales , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Humanos , Femenino , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/dietoterapia , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/sangre , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/sangre , Restricción Calórica/métodos , Lípidos/sangre , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/sangre , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Adulto Joven , Índice Glucémico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Glucemia/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal

RESUMEN

Nut-based products are a good source of high-quality plant protein in addition to mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and may aid low-glycaemic dietary strategies important for the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In particular, they may be advantageous in populations susceptible to dysglycaemia, such as Asian Chinese. The present study aimed to compare effects of a higher-protein nut bar (HP-NB, also higher in total fibre and unsaturated fats, comprising mixed almonds and peanuts) vs. an isoenergetic higher-carbohydrate cereal bar (HC-CB) within the diet of 101 Chinese adults with overweight and normo- or hyperglycaemia. Ectopic pancreas and liver fat were characterised using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) as a secondary outcome. Participants were randomized to receive HP-NB or HC-CB daily as a 1 MJ light meal or snack replacement, in addition to healthy eating advice. Anthropometry and clinical indicators of T2D risk were assessed fasted and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pre- and post-intervention. No significant difference was observed between diet groups for body weight, body mass index, waist or hip circumference, blood pressure, glucoregulatory markers, lipid profile or inflammatory markers over 12 weeks (all, p > 0.05). No difference was observed between glycaemic subgroups or those with normal versus high ectopic organ fat. Although HP-NB can attenuate postprandial glycaemia following a meal, no effects were observed for either fasting or glucose-mediated outcomes following longer-term inclusion in the habitual diet of Chinese adults with overweight, including at-risk subgroups.

Asunto(s)

Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Nueces , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Glucemia/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Hiperglucemia/prevención & control , China , Pueblo Asiatico , Dieta/métodos , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Prunus dulcis , Arachis , Pueblos del Este de Asia