RESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this cephalometric study was to evaluate the influence of the sagittal skeletal pattern on the 'Y-axis of growth' measurement in patients with different malocclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral head films from 59 patients (mean age 16y 7m, ranging from 11 to 25 years) were selected after a subjective analysis of 1630 cases. Sample was grouped as follows: Group 1 - class I facial pattern; group 2 - class II facial pattern; and Group 3 - class III facial pattern. Two angular measurements, SNGoGn and SNGn, were taken in order to determine skeletal vertical facial pattern. A logistic regression with errors distributed according to a binomial distribution was used to test the influence of the sagittal relationship (Class I, II, III facial patterns) on vertical diagnostic measurement congruence (SNGoGn and SNGn). RESULTS: RESULTS show that the probability of congruence between the patterns SNGn and SNGoGn was relatively high (70%) for group 1, but for groups II (46%) and III (37%) this congruence was relatively low. CONCLUSION: The use of SNGn appears to be inappropriate to determine the vertical facial skeletal pattern of patients, due to Gn point shifting throughout sagittal discrepancies. Clinical Significance: Facial pattern determined by SNGn must be considered carefully, especially when severe sagittal discrepancies are present.
Asunto(s)
Cefalometría/métodos , Huesos Faciales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Maloclusión/fisiopatología , Dimensión Vertical , Adolescente , Adulto , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia/patología , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia/fisiopatología , Niño , Huesos Faciales/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Labio/patología , Masculino , Maloclusión/patología , Maloclusión Clase I de Angle/patología , Maloclusión Clase I de Angle/fisiopatología , Maloclusión Clase II de Angle/patología , Maloclusión Clase II de Angle/fisiopatología , Maloclusión de Angle Clase III/patología , Maloclusión de Angle Clase III/fisiopatología , Mandíbula/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mandíbula/patología , Hueso Nasal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hueso Nasal/patología , Nariz/patología , Fotograbar/métodos , Silla Turca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Silla Turca/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To quantify longitudinal cranial base growth from prepubertal through postpubertal stages of development, as defined by biological indicators of individual skeletal maturity (cervical vertebral maturation - CVM) method and to determine if there is sexual dimorphism resulting from cranial base growth. DESIGN: A longitudinal cephalometric study. SETTING: The Dental School of Paulista University, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 36 subjects (21 females, 15 males) who were part of a longitudinal growth study and exhibited normal facial and normal vertical growth patterns. METHODS: Growth maturation of cervical vertebrae stages was assessed by two examiners independently. Cranial base measurements were carried out by one individual and repeated after one month. The growth increments over time were assessed with the one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey multiple comparisions. RESULTS: There were no significant gender differences. There was a significant increase in all cephalometric measures between the different time points. Ba-Na showed the greatest amount of growth (mean change=2.8 mm). From T2-T3, the greatest amount of growth was found for Se-Na (mean change=3.4 mm) and the lowest for CC-Na (mean change=1.4 mm). Comparing overall changes (T1-T3) all the measurements showed statistically significantly increases (P<0.05). For all comparisons of between-stage changes the cranial base grew more than 2.0 mm during the pubertal growth. CONCLUSIONS: Linear variables of cranial base showed significant growth during pubertal stages (pre-peak, peak and post-peak). No significant differences.
Asunto(s)
Pubertad/fisiología , Base del Cráneo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Adolescente , Vértebra Cervical Axis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Desarrollo Óseo/fisiología , Cefalometría/métodos , Atlas Cervical/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vértebras Cervicales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Niño , Mentón/crecimiento & desarrollo , Conducto Auditivo Externo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Foramen Magno/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hueso Frontal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Desarrollo Maxilofacial/fisiología , Hueso Nasal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Silla Turca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
This study verified the influence of chronic mouth breathing on dentofacial growth and developmental in pre-school children. The study evaluated 73 children, both sexes, ranging from 3 to 6 years of age. After the otorhinolaryngological breathing diagnosis, 44 mouth-breathing children and 29 nasal-breathing children were compared according to facial and occlusal characteristics. The skeletal pattern measurements SN.GoGn, BaN.PtGn, PP.PM, Ar-Go, S-Go indicated a tendency to mouth-breathing children presenting a dolicofacial pattern. According to occlusal characteristics, only the intermolar distance showed a significant correlation with a narrow maxillary arch in mouth-breathing subjects. Based on the results of this study, mouth-breathing can influence craniofacial and occlusal development early in childhood.