RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antiadhesion behavior of quercetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus multidrug-resistant isolates. METHODS: The ionic gelation method was used to prepare chitosan nanoparticles loaded with quercetin. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects were observed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), plate count, crystal violet assay, and the matrix exopolysaccharide dosages. The nanoparticles coated in silicone urethral catheters were evaluated by crystal violet assay and plating count method. RESULTS: MIC ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/ml. A reduction of at least 3.6 log CFU/ml and 6.2 log CFU/ml for, respectively, E. coli and S. aureus isolates was observed (p < 0.05). Under subinhibitory concentration (3.1 mg/ml) it was found a reduction of microbial adhesion and exopolysaccharide dosages in respectively 83.3% and 75% of the bacterial samples. The coated silicone urethral catheters showed a reduction of adhered cells in 25% of the isolates and biomass decreasing in 91.6% of them (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The quercetin nanoparticles provided antimicrobial and antiadhesion effects in multidrug-resistant isolates.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Quitosano , Nanopartículas , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Adhesión Bacteriana , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Violeta de Genciana/farmacología , Humanos , Nanopartículas/química , Quercetina/farmacología , Siliconas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus , Catéteres UrinariosRESUMEN
The ocular irritation potential of products that may come into contact with the eyes should be assessed by the combination of different in vitro alternative methods to determine different mechanisms of toxicity previously evaluated by the Draize in vivo assay. Thus, this study proposed to apply two strategies for the prediction of the eye irritation potential of different concentrations of surfactants and silicones, the first one involving evaluation Hen's Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM), and the other one using Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) followed by histopathological. HET-CAM was considered important in assessing the ocular irritation potential and, despite classifying almost all surfactants as "severe irritants", it could discriminate moderate and slight irritant SLES concentrations as well as Cocoamidopropyl Betaine as a severe irritant, when the coagulation score was taken into consideration. The BCOP assay alone also did not offer a good prediction of the irritant potential of surfactants, since almost all of them were classified as "no prediction can be made". However, the histopathological evaluation of the BCOP corneas was very important for establishing the degree and depth of damage related to reversibility. The present study also showed those strategies are sensitive to small variations in the studied anionic, cationic amphoteric surfactant concentrations and can be used for predicting their toxicity in the final product and can be used depending on the focus of the analysis.
Asunto(s)
Opacidad de la Córnea , Cosméticos , Alternativas a las Pruebas en Animales/métodos , Animales , Bovinos , Pollos , Opacidad de la Córnea/patología , Cosméticos/toxicidad , Ojo , Femenino , Irritantes/toxicidad , Siliconas/farmacología , Tensoactivos/toxicidadRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of two types of contact lenses made of two different types of silicone hydrogel material on ocular physiological parameters and tear function tests. Methods: The contact lenses with the appropriate diopters were supplied to the volunteering patients. The patients were evaluated before wearing the contact lenses (visit0:V0), at the first month(visit1:V1) and at the thirth month(visit2:V2) following their wear. At all visits a detailed biomicroscopic examination was done, ocular physiological variables were collected, the tear function tests were performed and the tear meniscus area (TMA) was visualized and measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Results: The results of Schirmer 1 test were 12.07 ± 1.51 [9-16] mm for the right eyes (samfilcon A group) and 12.09 ± 1.5 [9-16] mm for the left eyes (senofilcon A group) at V0. (p=0.950) At V2, the mean Schirmer 1 test results were 11.92±1.34 [9-15] mm in the samfilcon A group and 12.2±1.41 [9-16] mm in the senofilcon A group (p=0.239). The mean TMA dimensions in the AS-OCT images were 338.42±47.1 [241-401] microns in the samfilcon A group and 338.42±47.1 [241-401]microns in the senofilcon A group at V0. (p>0.05). At V2, the mean TMA dimensions were 337.2±45.53 [241-402] microns in thesamfilcon A group and 340.31±48.22 [240-411] microns in the senofilcon A group (p=0.728). Conclusions: Our study has demonstrated that contact lenses containing samfilcon A and senofilcon A silicone hydrogel material do not cause meaningful ocular surface problems.
Resumo Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de dois tipos de lentes de contacto feitas de dois tipos diferentes de material de hidrogel de silicone nos parâmetros fisiológicos oculares e testes de função lacrimal. Métodos: As lentes de contacto com as dioptrias apropriadas foram fornecidas aos pacientes voluntários. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes do uso das lentes de contacto (visita0: V0), no primeiro mês (visita1: V1) e no terceiro mês (visita2: V2), após o uso destas. Em todas as visitas, foi realizado um exame biomicroscópico detalhado, as variáveis fisiológicas oculares foram recolhidas, os testes de função lacrimal foram realizados e a área do menisco lacrimal (TMA) foi visualizada e medida com tomografia de coerência óptica do segmento anterior (AS-OCT). Resultados: Os resultados do teste de Schirmer 1 foram 12,07 ± 1,51 [9-16] mm para os olhos direitos (grupo samfilcon A) e 12,09 ± 1,5 [9-16] mm para os olhos esquerdos (grupo senofilcon A) em V0. (p = 0,950) Em V2, os resultados médios do teste de Schirmer 1 foram 11,92 ± 1,34 [9-15] mm no grupo samfilcon A e 12,2 ± 1,41 [9-16] mm no grupo senofilcon A (p = 0,239). As dimensões médias do TMA nas imagens AS-OCT foram 338,42 ± 47,1 [241-401] mícrons no grupo samfilcon A e 338,42 ± 47,1 [241-401] mícrons no grupo senofilcon A em V0. (p> 0,05).> Em V2, as dimensões médias do TMA foram 337,2 ± 45,53 [241-402] mícrons no grupo samfilcon A e 340,31 ± 48,22 [240-411] mícrons no grupo senofilcon A (p = 0,728). Conclusões: O nosso estudo demonstrou que as lentes de contacto que contêm material de hidrogel de silicone de samfilcon A e senofilcon A não causam problemas significativos na superfície ocular.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Siliconas/farmacología , Lágrimas/metabolismo , Lentes de Contacto Hidrofílicos , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Oftalmoscopía , Agudeza Visual , Estudios Prospectivos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Microscopía con Lámpara de Hendidura , Segmento Anterior del Ojo/diagnóstico por imagen , Miopía/terapiaRESUMEN
The 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) yield and productivity from glycerol were studied over a 155-day period. A UASB reactor that also contained silicone support for biomass attachment was used to evaluate the optimal operational conditions and microbiota development. The highest average 1,3-PDO yield was 0.54 and 0.48â¯mol.mol-gly-1 when reactor pH was 5.0-5.5 and the applied loading rate was 18 and 20â¯g-gly.L-1.d-1 using the pure and crude substrate, respectively. The productivity was close to 7.5â¯g.L-1.d-1 for both substrates; therefore, the direct use of crude glycerol can be valorized in practice. Clostridium was the predominant genus for 1,3-PDO production and C. pasteurianum was dominant in the biofilm. Using crude glycerol, C. beijerinckii dropped strongly; some Clostridium population was then replaced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Lactobacillus spp. The good process performance and the advances in the microbiota knowledge are steps forward to obtain a more cost-effective system in practice.
Asunto(s)
Reactores Biológicos , Glicerol/metabolismo , Glicoles de Propileno/metabolismo , Siliconas/farmacología , Biomasa , Clostridium/metabolismo , Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a multifunctional hair care formulation-Hair BB Cream-containing botanical extracts of Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Euterpe orleacea, vitamins, amino acids, UV filters, and silicones for hair treatment and prevention of UV damages. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the botanical extracts was evaluated using the DPPH and chemiluminescence methods. A tensile test, combability, shine, and image analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. To evaluate protection against UV damage, the hair strands were submitted to UV radiation without and with the application of the Hair BB Cream. The results showed that the application of the Hair BB Cream promoted a reduction in combability values and an increase in break stress and gloss values. After exposure to UV radiation, the hair treated with the BB Cream formulation showed no difference in the mechanical properties test, indicating protection against UV damage. In conclusion, the multifunctional formulation showed several benefits of single product acting in the prevention of UV damage and the treatment of hair damage. Thus, the Hair BB Cream proposed can be suggested as an effective multifunctional hair care product.
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Preparaciones para el Cabello/farmacología , Cabello , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Rayos Ultravioleta , Vitaminas/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Preparaciones para el Cabello/química , Humanos , Luminiscencia , Picratos/química , Exposición a la Radiación , Protectores contra Radiación/química , Siliconas/farmacología , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of five endodontic materials for primary teeth on in vitro mixed-species biofilms. METHODS: Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement, Vitapex, Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (ZO), pure calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste, and iodoform were evaluated. Sterile water was used as a control. Mixed-species biofilm was incubated in anaerobic conditions for 21 days. The biofilm specimens were placed in contact with the endodontic materials for periods of seven and 30 days. The biofilm was studied by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cell viability ratio was calculated. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between groups at both seven and 30 days (F equals 73,073, P=0.00). After 30 days, 69 percent, 51 percent, and 35 percent of the biofilm volume fluoresced red, indicating the proportion of bacteria killed by iodoform, Vitapex, and ZOE cement, respectively. Calen plus ZO and pure Ca(OH)2 paste were the least effective materials against the biofilms. CONCLUSIONS: Pure iodoform paste and iodoform containing Vitapex were the most effective materials against the biofilms. Vitapex appears to be a suitable endodontic material for primary teeth.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Diente Primario/microbiología , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Yodados/farmacología , Técnicas In Vitro , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Confocal , Siliconas/farmacología , Diente Primario/diagnóstico por imagen , Óxido de Zinc , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To validate the application of the bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane as a protecting barrier to the urethra. Materials and Methods Forty female Wistar rats (four groups of 10): Group 1 (sham), the urethra was dissected as in previous groups and nothing applied around; Group 2, received a 0.7cm strip of the BC applied around the urethra just below the bladder neck; Group 3, received a silicon strip with the same dimensions as in group 2; Group 4, had a combination of 2 and 3 groups being the silicon strip applied over the cellulosic material. Half of the animals in each group were killed at 4 and 8 months. Bladder and urethra were fixed in formalin for histological analysis. Results Inflammatory infiltrates were more intense at 4 months at lymphonodes (80% Grade 2), statistically different in the group 2 compared with groups 1 (p=0.0044) and 3 (p=0.0154). At 8 months, all samples were classified as grade 1 indicating a less intense inflammatory reaction in all groups. In group 2, at 8 months, there was a reduction in epithelial thickness (30±1μm) when com-pared to groups 1 (p=0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001). Angiogenesis was present in groups 2 and 4 and absent in group 3. In BC implant, at 4 and 8 months, it was significant when comparing groups 4 with 1 (p=0.0159). Conclusion BC membrane was well integrated to the urethral wall promoting tissue remodeling and strengthening based on morphometric and histological results and may be a future option to prevent urethral damage.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bacterias , Uretra/lesiones , Enfermedades Uretrales/prevención & control , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Celulosa/farmacología , Esfínter Urinario Artificial/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Siliconas/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Uretra/patología , Enfermedades Uretrales/patología , Incontinencia Urinaria/cirugía , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ratas Wistar , Modelos Animales , MembranasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To validate the application of the bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane as a protecting bar-rier to the urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty female Wistar rats (four groups of 10): Group 1 (sham), the urethra was dissected as in previous groups and nothing applied around; Group 2, received a 0.7cm strip of the BC applied around the urethra just below the bladder neck; Group 3, received a silicon strip with the same dimensions as in group 2; Group 4, had a combination of 2 and 3 groups being the silicon strip applied over the cellulosic material. Half of the animals in each group were killed at 4 and 8 months. Bladder and urethra were fixed in formalin for histological analysis. RESULTS: Inflammatory infiltrates were more intense at 4 months at lymphonodes (80% Grade 2), statistically different in the group 2 compared with groups 1 (p=0.0044) and 3 (p=0.0154). At 8 months, all samples were classified as grade 1 indicating a less intense inflammatory reaction in all groups. In group 2, at 8 months, there was a reduction in epithelial thickness (30±1µm) when com-pared to groups 1 (p=0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001). Angiogenesis was present in groups 2 and 4 and absent in group 3. In BC implant, at 4 and 8 months, it was significant when comparing groups 4 with 1 (p=0.0159). CONCLUSION: BC membrane was well integrated to the urethral wall promoting tissue remodeling and strengthening based on morphometric and histological results and may be a future option to prevent urethral damage.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Celulosa/farmacología , Implantación de Prótesis/efectos adversos , Uretra/lesiones , Enfermedades Uretrales/prevención & control , Esfínter Urinario Artificial/efectos adversos , Animales , Femenino , Membranas , Modelos Animales , Ratas Wistar , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Siliconas/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Uretra/patología , Enfermedades Uretrales/patología , Incontinencia Urinaria/cirugíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the modification in the silver component is capable of providing GuttaFlow 2 with antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis compared with epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) and zinc oxide and eugenol-based (Endofill) sealers. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using a reference strain of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). Freshly mixed sealers were subjected to the agar diffusion test (ADT), while the direct contact test (DCT) was performed after materials setting. ADT results were obtained through measurements, in millimeters, of the inhibition zones promoted by the materials, using a digital caliper. In DCT, values of CFU/mL promoted by the three sealers were compared in three experimental periods (1 min, 1 h, and 24 h). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). In both ADT and DCT, GuttaFlow 2 presented no effect against E. faecalis, while Endofill and AH Plus showed similar inhibition zones. Endofill was the only material capable of reducing bacterial growth in DCT. In conclusion, modifications in the silver particle of GuttaFlow 2 did not result in a sealer with antibacterial effect against E. faecalis.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Epoxi/farmacología , Gutapercha/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Plata/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Gutapercha/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Tamaño de la Partícula , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Siliconas/química , Siliconas/farmacología , Plata/química , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the modification in the silver component is capable of providing GuttaFlow 2 with antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis compared with epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) and zinc oxide and eugenol-based (Endofill) sealers. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using a reference strain of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). Freshly mixed sealers were subjected to the agar diffusion test (ADT), while the direct contact test (DCT) was performed after materials setting. ADT results were obtained through measurements, in millimeters, of the inhibition zones promoted by the materials, using a digital caliper. In DCT, values of CFU/mL promoted by the three sealers were compared in three experimental periods (1 min, 1 h, and 24 h). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). In both ADT and DCT, GuttaFlow 2 presented no effect against E. faecalis, while Endofill and AH Plus showed similar inhibition zones. Endofill was the only material capable of reducing bacterial growth in DCT. In conclusion, modifications in the silver particle of GuttaFlow 2 did not result in a sealer with antibacterial effect against E. faecalis.
Asunto(s)
Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Plata/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/farmacología , Resinas Epoxi/farmacología , Gutapercha/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Siliconas/farmacología , Siliconas/química , Plata/química , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayo de Materiales , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Gutapercha/química , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and neovascularization in dural repairs in Wistar rats using four techniques: simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomized in five groups: the first was the control group, submitted to dural tear only. The others underwent durotomy and simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Animals were euthanized and the spine was submitted to histological evaluation with a score system (ranging from zero to 3) for inflammation, neovascularization and fibrosis. Results Fibrosis was significantly different between simple suture and silicon mesh (p=0.005) and between simple suture and mesh with suture (p=0.015), showing that fibrosis is more intense when a foreign body is used in the repair. Bovine membrane was significantly different from mesh plus suture (p=0.011) regarding vascularization. Inflammation was significantly different between simple suture and bovine collagen membrane. Conclusion Silicon mesh, compared to other commercial products available, is a possible alternative for dural repair. More studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
RESUMO Objetivo : Avaliar reação inflamatória, fibrose e neovascularização da reparação da lesão dural em ratos Wistar, comparando quatro diferentes técnicas: pontos simples, membrana de colágeno bovino, tela de silicone e tela de silicone associada a pontos simples. Métodos : Trinta ratos Wistar foram randomizados em cinco grupos: o primeiro foi um grupo controle, submetido somente à durotomia. Os outros também foram submetidos à durotomia, porém sofreram sutura simples, reparo com membrana de colágeno bovino, tela de silicone e tela de silicone com sutura. Os animais foram sacrificados, e a coluna foi submetida à avaliação histológica com um escore (variando de zero a 3) para inflamação, neovascularização e fibrose. Resultados : A fibrose foi significativamente diferente, comparando-se sutura simples e tela de silicone (p=0,005) e sutura simples e tela com fio de sutura (p=0,015), demonstrando que a fibrose foi mais intensa quando um corpo estranho foi utilizado na reparação. Membrana bovina foi significativamente diferente da tela mais sutura (p=0,011) em relação à vascularização. A inflamação foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos submetidos à sutura simples e ao reparo com membrana de colágeno bovino. Conclusão : A tela de silicone, comparada com produtos similares com disponibilidade comercial, é uma possível alternativa como protetor de dura-máter. Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar esses resultados.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Masculino , Duramadre/lesiones , Duramadre/patología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Siliconas/uso terapéutico , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Duramadre/irrigación sanguínea , Duramadre/cirugía , Fibrosis , Colágenos no Fibrilares/uso terapéutico , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Siliconas/farmacología , Técnicas de Sutura/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent worldwide. PRIMARY STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Helical(®) microcoils, a new, noninvasive treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: This was a prospective, observational study. SETTING: The study was conducted at the main author's private clinic, in São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: We evaluated 20 physicians, from 2 different hospitals, who suffered from chronic musculoskeletal pain and volunteered to participate in the study. INTERVENTION: The Helical(®) microcoils were applied to the skin over the affected areas. Before and after the intervention, the physician-patients completed questionnaires and a visual analog scale. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We quantified postintervention improvement or worsening of pain and muscle tension. RESULTS: Significant improvements in pain and muscle tension were observed in 95% of the physician-patients evaluated. The only side effect reported was mild pruritus at the application site, which occurred in 5 of the 20 cases. CONCLUSION: The use of Helical microcoils was found to be safe and efficacious in relieving muscle tension and pain.
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Carbono/administración & dosificación , Terapias Complementarias/instrumentación , Terapias Complementarias/métodos , Tono Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Mialgia/terapia , Siliconas/administración & dosificación , Administración Cutánea , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Carbono/farmacología , Carbono/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mialgia/epidemiología , Médicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Prospectivos , Siliconas/farmacología , Siliconas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and neovascularization in dural repairs in Wistar rats using four techniques: simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomized in five groups: the first was the control group, submitted to dural tear only. The others underwent durotomy and simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Animals were euthanized and the spine was submitted to histological evaluation with a score system (ranging from zero to 3) for inflammation, neovascularization and fibrosis. RESULTS: Fibrosis was significantly different between simple suture and silicon mesh (p=0.005) and between simple suture and mesh with suture (p=0.015), showing that fibrosis is more intense when a foreign body is used in the repair. Bovine membrane was significantly different from mesh plus suture (p=0.011) regarding vascularization. Inflammation was significantly different between simple suture and bovine collagen membrane. CONCLUSION: Silicon mesh, compared to other commercial products available, is a possible alternative for dural repair. More studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Asunto(s)
Duramadre/lesiones , Duramadre/patología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Siliconas/uso terapéutico , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Bovinos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Duramadre/irrigación sanguínea , Duramadre/cirugía , Fibrosis , Masculino , Colágenos no Fibrilares/uso terapéutico , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Siliconas/farmacología , Técnicas de Sutura/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Straightening is a chemical process by which excessively curly hair is straightened in an irreversible way. Generally, products are formulated as emulsions with high pH value (9.0-12.0), which, after applied on hair, cause considerable damage, making it dry and fragile. This research work evaluated the protective effect of lauryl PEG/PPG-18/18 methicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG-12 dimethicone cross-polymer, jojoba oil, and aqua (and) cystine bis-PG propyl silanetriol, as conditioning agents, on Afro-ethnic hair locks treated with thioglycolate-based straightening emulsions by protein loss, combability, and traction to rupture. Standard Afro-ethnic hair locks were prepared following a protocol for straightening emulsion application. Considering the assays performed, the addition of conditioning agents to the straightening emulsion with ammonium thioglycolate benefited the hair fiber, thus diminishing protein loss, protecting the hair thread, and improving resistance to breakage. Jojoba oil and lauryl PEG/PPG-18/18 methicone were the conditioning agents that presented the best results. Straightening emulsions with ammonium thioglycolate containing aqua (and) cystine bis-PG propyl silanetriol and cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG-12 dimethicone cross-polymer were the ones that provided higher breakage resistance of the thread.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra , Cosméticos/farmacología , Emolientes/farmacología , Preparaciones para el Cabello/farmacología , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Tioglicolatos/farmacología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/farmacología , Emulsionantes/farmacología , Emulsiones , Glicoles/farmacología , Cabello/metabolismo , Cabello/fisiología , Humanos , Proteínas/análisis , Silanos/farmacología , Siliconas/farmacología , Ceras/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of a subdermal implant containing nomegestrol acetate (Uniplant) on endometrial histology and ovarian function. METHODS: Twenty healthy female volunteers of reproductive age were included and completed a menstrual diary throughout the study. Hysteroscopy, transvaginal sonography and blood sampling were performed prior to implant insertion (control cycle) and following 6 and 12 months of Uniplant use. Transvaginal sonography was performed every other day from Day 8 of the cycle up to the obtainment of sonographic evidence of a 12-mm follicle, then every day until the obtainment of sonographic evidence of follicular rupture and thereafter every other day until the next menstrual bleeding. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone on the same days on which transvaginal sonography was performed. The implants were removed after 1 year. RESULTS: Twenty percent of cycles were ovulatory, and 80% were anovulatory. The development of persistent nonluteinized follicle occurred in 40% of all cycles studied, inadequate luteal phase occurred in 20% of cycles and no follicular development occurred in 40%. Endometrial thickness remained below 8 mm in all cycles studied. Alterations in endometrial vascularization were observed in all treated cycles. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this long-acting contraceptive method affects follicular growth and endometrial vascularization, disrupts endometrial architecture and leads to inadequate luteal phase.
Asunto(s)
Dimetilpolisiloxanos/farmacología , Endometrio/efectos de los fármacos , Megestrol/farmacología , Norpregnadienos/farmacología , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Siliconas/farmacología , Adolescente , Adulto , Dimetilpolisiloxanos/administración & dosificación , Implantes de Medicamentos/farmacología , Endometrio/irrigación sanguínea , Endometrio/citología , Endometrio/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Histeroscopía , Megestrol/administración & dosificación , Ciclo Menstrual/efectos de los fármacos , Norpregnadienos/administración & dosificación , Folículo Ovárico/diagnóstico por imagen , Congéneres de la Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Congéneres de la Progesterona/farmacología , Siliconas/administración & dosificación , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to compare, by two experimental methods, the antimicrobial efficacy of different root canal filling pastes used in pediatric dentistry. The tested materials were: Guedes-Pinto paste (GPP), zinc oxide-eugenol paste (OZEP), calcium hydroxide paste (CHP), chloramphenicol + tetracycline + zinc oxide and eugenol paste (CTZP) and Vitapex. Fiven microbial strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and C. albicans) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. For the direct exposure test (DET), 72 paper points were contaminated with the standard microbial suspensions and exposed to the root canal filling pastes for 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. The points were immersed in Letheen Broth (LB), followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h. An inoculum of 0.1 mL obtained from LB was then transferred to 7 mL of BHI, under identical incubations conditions and the microbial growth was evaluated. The pastes showed activity between 1 and 24 h, depending on the material. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), 30 Petri plates with 20 mL of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 mL of the microbial suspension, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium. Three cavities were made in each agar plate (total = 90) and completely filled with one of the filling root canal pastes. The plates were pre-incubated for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 to 48 h. The inhibition zone around each well was recorded in mm. The complete antimicrobial effect in the direct exposure test was observed after 24 h on all microbial indicators. All root canal filling materials induced the formation of inhibition zones, except for Vitapex (range, 6.0-39.0 mm).
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Cavidad Pulpar/microbiología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Combinación de Medicamentos , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Yodados/farmacología , Odontología Pediátrica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Siliconas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to compare, by two experimental methods, the antimicrobial efficacy of different root canal fillingpastes used in pediatric dentistry. The tested materials were: Guedes-Pinto paste (GPP), zinc oxide-eugenol paste (OZEP), calcium hydroxide paste (CHP), chloramphenicol + tetracycline + zinc oxide and eugenol paste (CTZP) and Vitapex®. Fiven microbial strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and C. albicans) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. For the direct exposure test (DET), 72 paper points were contaminated with the standard microbial suspensions and exposed to the root canal filling pastes for 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. The points were immersed in Letheen Broth (LB), followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. An inoculum of 0.1 mL obtained from LB was then transferred to 7 mL of BHI, under identical incubations conditions and the microbial growth was evaluated. The pastes showed activity between 1 and 24 h, depending on the material. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), 30 Petri plates with 20 mL of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 mL of the microbial suspension, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium. Three cavities were made in each agar plate (total = 90) and completely filled with one of the filling root canal pastes. The plates were pre-incubated for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 h. The inhibition zone around each well was recorded in mm. The complete antimicrobial effect in the direct exposure test was observed after 24 h on all microbial indicators. All root canal filling materials induced the formation of inhibition zones, except for Vitapex® (range, 6.0-39.0 mm).
O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito antimicrobiano de diferentes pastas obturadoras do canal radicular usadas na Odontopediatria, por dois métodos experimentais. Os materiais testados foram: pasta Guedes Pinto, pasta de óxido de zinco e eugenol, pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, pasta CTZ e Vitapex®, sobre cinco microrganismos (S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis e C. albicans) obtidos do American Type Culture Collection. As cepas foram inoculadas no Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) e incubadas a 37°C por 24 h. Para o teste de contato direto, 72 pontas de papel foram contaminadas com suspensões padrão dos microrganismos e expostas às pastas obturadoras por 1, 24, 48 e 72 h. As pontas foram imersas em Letheen Broth (LB), seguido de incubação a 37°C por 48 h. Um inóculo de 0,1 mL obtido do LB foi transferido para 7 mL de BHI, sobre condições idênticas de incubação e o crescimento microbiano foi avaliado. As pastas mostraram ação entre 1 e 24 h, dependendo da pasta testada. Para o teste de difusão em ágar, 30 placas de Petri com 20 mL de agar BHI foi inoculada com 0,1 mL da suspensão microbiana, utilizando-se de swab esterilizado, semeado de modo confluente no meio. Três cavidades foram feitas em cada placa de ágar (total = 90) e completamente preenchidas com uma das pastas obturadoras. As placas foram pré-incubadas por 1 h em temperatura ambiente e então incubadas a 37°C por 48 h. As zonas de inibição em torno das cavidades foram mensuradas. O efeito antimicrobiano completo obtido pelas pastas analisadas, por meio do teste por contato direto, foi observado após 24 h em todos os microrganismos. No teste por difusão em ágar, todos os materiais induziram a formação de zonas de inibição, exceto o Vitapex® (variando de 6,0 - 39,0 mm).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Cavidad Pulpar/microbiología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrocarburos Yodados/farmacología , Odontología Pediátrica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Siliconas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyse quantitatively, using stereological methods, the density of the collagen fibres induced by four types of sling materials, and verify by a histopathological analysis the corresponding inflammatory reaction, as fibrosis secondary to sling implantation is considered responsible for restoring urethral support and re-establishing continence in women with stress urinary incontinence, and new synthetic materials that promote adequate fibrosis with the least intensity and duration have been proposed to substitute the aponeurotic sling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 70 isogenic white Wistar rats divided into three groups: group A (30 rats) had 8 x 4 mm strips of silicone and porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) implanted in the abdominal subcutaneous tissues; group B (30 rats) had 8 x 4 mm strips of polycaprolactone and polylactic acid copolymers and monofilament polypropylene (PLP) implanted the abdominal subcutaneous layer; while a control group of 10 rats had dissection and suturing with 5/0 Nylon in the abdominal subcutaneous layer, as used to fix the strips in the other rats. Picro-Sirius staining was used to assess collagen fibres, and haematoxylin-eosin for the histopathological study. At 7, 30 and 90 days after surgery, 10 rats from each group were killed and assessed. RESULTS: After 7 days all the materials induced a moderate inflammatory reaction that did not differ from that in the control group. At 30 days there was no difference between the control and polycaprolactone and polylactic acid copolymers, having the least inflammatory reaction. PLP and silicone produced a moderate inflammatory reaction, while the porcine SIS induced a more intense reaction. At 90 days there was a more intense inflammatory reaction in polycaprolactone and polylactic acid copolymers than before but it was less than with PLP and silicone, which again were no different. During this period the inflammatory reaction induced by SIS was greater. The stereological analysis indicated that collagen fibres induced by polycaprolactone and polylactic acid copolymers and PLP were less dense (61% and 65%, respectively), and significantly less than with silicone (85%) and SIS (86%). CONCLUSION: PLP was the best nonabsorbable material as it induced a less intense inflammatory reaction than the other tested materials. As porcine SIS was completely absorbed the intense fibrosis induced is useful, as it is exclusively responsible for the urethral support later after surgery.
Asunto(s)
Bioprótesis , Ácido Láctico/farmacología , Poliésteres/farmacología , Polímeros/farmacología , Siliconas/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Animales , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosis/patología , Inflamación/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo/cirugíaRESUMEN
Neste estudo observamos a reaçäo tecidual após implantaçäo de próteses de silicone associadas à poliglactina 910. Telas de borracha de silicone com 1,5 x 1,5 cm de diâmetro e 0,7mm de espessura polifenestradas, foram implantadas no subcutâneo do dorso de ratos. Dois grupos foram observados, no primeiro apenas telas fenestradas eram implantadas, no segundo as fenestraçöes das telas eram preenchidas com fios de poliglactina 910. Os animais foram observados por 30, 60 e 90 dias quando eram sacrificados e as telas mais o tecido adjacente ressecados. Näo se observou diferenças na quantidade de fibras colágenas entre os subgrupos de um mesmo grupo e ou quando comparados com os subgrupos do grupo em estudo. No grupo controle, onde se usou apenas as telas fenestradas de silicone houve uma diferença significante entre as fibras reticulares, em maior número nos grupos de 30 e 60 dias de observaçäo, quando comparadas ao grupo de 90 dias. A poliglactina 910 associada ao silicone näo alterou o número de fibras do tecido conjuntivo, contadas nas fenestraçöes das telas
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Ratas , Femenino , Tejido Conectivo/efectos de los fármacos , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efectos de los fármacos , Siliconas/farmacología , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Fotomicrografía , Ratas Wistar , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study patients with side effects secondary to the injection of modelants. METHODS: We studied their clinical, serological, histopathological, radiographic, immunoregulatory and fibroblast culture features by standard methods. We studied thirty patients, 24 women, mean age: 38.2 years. Patients had received either mineral oil, guayacol, silicone or a mixture of these substances; some had received unknown material(s). RESULTS: The mean time between the injection and the onset of symptoms was six years (range: 0.1-24 years). All patients had sclerodermatous skin changes, subcutaneous nodules, edema and/or hyperpigmentation at the site(s) of injection(s); five individuals also had skin changes at sites remote from the injection. Thirteen patients had clinical features of an autoimmune disease. Eleven patients gave a history of arthralgias including four that had symmetrical non-erosive polyarthritis. Twenty of 28 patients (71%) had positive anti-nuclear antibodies. We found intracellular spontaneous production of IL-1 (interleukin-1) by patients' macrophages which was almost absent in normal cells (p < 0.001). Silica-stimulated monocytes from patients also secreted more IL-1 than those from normal subjects (p < 0.001) in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Twelve patients had an early proliferative response. At day seven, a decreased proliferative response was seen in 12/19 patients (p < 0.001). Skin fibroblasts from 3/3 patients synthesized 3-to-5-fold more 3H-hyaluronic acid than normal control cells (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This report confirms the association between the injection of modelants and the development of autoimmune disease (human adjuvant disease, HAD). Our results implicate IL-1 in the amplification of the disease process. The similarities between primary scleroderma and human adjuvant disease now include immunological and connective tissue data. The study of these patients may help to understand the etiopathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases.