RESUMEN

Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus discharge and decreasing sediment input have made silicon (Si) a limiting element for diatoms in estuaries. Disturbances in nutrient structure and salinity fluctuation can greatly affect metal uptake by estuarine diatoms. However, the combined effects of Si and salinity on metal accumulation in these diatoms have not been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to investigate how salinity and Si availability combine to influence the adsorption of metals by a widely distributed diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Our data indicate that replete Si and low salinity in seawater can enhance cadmium and copper adsorption onto the diatom surface. At the single-cell level, surface potential was a dominant factor determining metal adsorption, while surface roughness also contributed to the higher metal loading capacity at lower salinities. Using a combination of non-invasive micro-test technology, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the functional groups embedded in diatom cell walls vary with salinity and Si supply. This results in a change in the cell surface potential and transient metal influx. Our study provides novel mechanisms to explain the highly variable metal adsorption capacity of a model estuarine diatom.

Asunto(s)

Diatomeas , Salinidad , Silicio , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Silicio/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Estuarios , Agua de Mar/química , Metales/química

RESUMEN

The wide use of crystalline silicon solar cells in the field of new energy is an important boost for China to achieve the environmental protection goal as soon as possible. However, the production and manufacturing processes of these cells give rise to various occupational hazards at workplace, thus posing health risks to workers. This review provided an overview of production processes of crystalline silicon solar cells, the characteristics of occupational health hazards (productive dust; physical factors, productive toxicant) and proposed occupational protection suggestions.

Asunto(s)

Exposición Profesional , Silicio , Energía Solar , Silicio/efectos adversos , Humanos , Polvo/análisis , China , Industria Manufacturera , Lugar de Trabajo , Salud Laboral

RESUMEN

Insecticides and fungicides present potential threats to non-target crops, yet our comprehension of their combined phytotoxicity to plants is limited. Silicon (Si) has been acknowledged for its ability to induce crop tolerance to xenobiotic stresses. However, the specific role of Si in alleviating the cypermethrin (CYP) and hymexazol (HML) combined stress has not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Si in alleviating phytotoxic effects and elucidating the associated mechanisms of CYP and/or HML in tomato seedlings. The findings demonstrated that, compared to exposure to CYP or HML alone, the simultaneous exposure of CYP and HML significantly impeded seedling growth, resulting in more pronounced phytotoxic effects in tomato seedlings. Additionally, CYP and/or HML exposures diminished the content of photosynthetic pigments and induced oxidative stress in tomato seedlings. Pesticide exposure heightened the activity of both antioxidant and detoxification enzymes, increased proline and phenolic accumulation, and reduced thiols and ascorbate content in tomato seedlings. Applying Si (1 mM) to CYP- and/or HML-stressed seedlings alleviated pigment inhibition and oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of the pesticide metabolism system and secondary metabolism enzymes. Furthermore, Si stimulated the phenylpropanoid pathway by boosting phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, as confirmed by the increased total phenolic content. Interestingly, the application of Si enhanced the thiols profile, emphasizing its crucial role in pesticide detoxification in plants. In conclusion, these results suggest that externally applying Si significantly alleviates the physio-biochemical level in tomato seedlings exposed to a combination of pesticides, introducing innovative strategies for fostering a sustainable agroecosystem.

Asunto(s)

Piretrinas , Plantones , Silicio , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/efectos de los fármacos , Solanum lycopersicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Piretrinas/toxicidad , Silicio/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fotosíntesis/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Insecticidas/toxicidad

RESUMEN

Antibiotic residues have been found in several aquatic ecosystems as a result of the widespread use of antibiotics in recent years, which poses a major risk to both human health and the environment. At present, photocatalytic degradation is the most effective and environmentally friendly method. Titanium silicon molecular sieve (TS-1) has been widely used as an industrial catalyst, but its photocatalytic application in wastewater treatment is limited due to its small pores and few active sites. In this paper, we report a method for preparing multistage porous TS-1 with a high specific surface area by alkali treatment. In the photocatalytic removal of CIP (ciprofloxacin) antibiotic wastewater experiments, the alkali-treated catalyst showed better performance in terms of interfacial charge transfer efficiency, which was 2.3 times higher than that of TS-1 synthesized by the conventional method, and it was found to maintain better catalytic performance in the actual water source. In addition, this research studied the effects of solution pH, contaminant concentration, and catalyst dosage on CIP degradation, while liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify intermediates in the degradation process and infer possible degradation pathways and the toxicity of CIP, and its degradation product was also analyzed using ECOSAR 2.2 software, and most of the intermediates were found to be nontoxic and nonharmful. Finally, a 3:5:1 artificial neural network model was established based on the experiments, and the relative importance of the influence of experimental conditions on the degradation rate was determined. The above results confirmed the feasibility and applicability of photocatalytic treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics using visible light excitation alkali post-treatment TS-1, which provided technical support and a theoretical basis for the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.

Asunto(s)

Redes Neurales de la Computación , Titanio , Catálisis/efectos de la radiación , Titanio/química , Titanio/efectos de la radiación , Porosidad , Antibacterianos/química , Silicio/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Procesos Fotoquímicos , Ciprofloxacina/química , Aguas Residuales/química , Fotólisis/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

The accurate determination of the post-dilution concentration of biological buffers is essential for retaining the necessary properties and effectiveness of the buffer to maintain stable cellular environments and optimal conditions for biochemical reactions. In this work, we introduce a silicon-based impedance chip, which offers a rapid and reagent-free approach for monitoring the buffer concentrations after dilution with deionized (DI) water. The impedance of the impedance chip is measured, and the impedance data are modeled using a multiparameter equivalent circuit model. We investigated six aqueous biological buffers with pH values above and below the physiological pH for most tissues (pH ~ 7.2-7.4) following dilution with DI water by factors of 2.0, 10.0, 20.0, 100.0, and 200.0. The impedance measurement is then performed for the frequency spectrum of 40 Hz to 1 MHz. From the interpretation of the impedance measurement using the multiparameter equivalent circuit model, we report a buffer-sensitive equivalent circuit parameter RAu/Si of the silicon-based impedance chip showing a linear trend on a logarithmic scale with the buffer concentration change after dilution. The parameter RAu/Si is independent of the buffer pH and the added volume. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the silicon-based impedance chip as a versatile tool for precise post-dilution concentration determination of diverse biologically relevant buffers. The presented impedance chip offers rapid, accurate, and reliable monitoring, making it highly suitable for integration into automated liquid-handling systems to enhance the efficiency and precision of biological and chemical processes.

Asunto(s)

Impedancia Eléctrica , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Tampones (Química) , Silicio/química , Soluciones/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Agua/química

RESUMEN

Both silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) ions are essential elements to bone health and their mechanisms for promoting osteogenesis have aroused the extensive attention of researchers. Thereinto, the mechanism by which dual ions promote osteogenic differentiation remains to be elucidated. Herein, the effects of Si and Zn ions on the cytological behaviors of mBMSCs were firstly studied. Then, the molecular mechanism of Si-Zn dual ions regulating the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs was investigated via transcriptome sequencing technology. In the single-ion system, Si ion at the concentration of 1.5 mM (Si-1.5) had better comprehensive effects of cell proliferation, ALP activity and osteogenesis-related gene expression levels (ALP, Runx2, OCN, Col-I and BSP); Zn ion at the concentration of 50 µM (Zn-50) demonstrated better combining effects of cell proliferation, ALP activity and same osteogenic genes expression levels. In the dual-ion system, the Si (1.5 mM)-Zn (50 µM) group (Si1.5-Zn50) synthetically enhanced ALP activity and osteogenesis genes compared with single-ion groups. Analysis of the transcriptome sequencing results showed that Si ion had a certain effect on promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs; Zn ion had a stronger effect of contributing to a better osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs than that of Si ion; the Si-Zn dual ions had a synergistic enhancement on conducting to the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs compared to single ion (Si or Zn). This study offers a blueprint for exploring the regulation mechanism of osteogenic differentiation by dual ions.

Asunto(s)

Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , Iones , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteogénesis , ARN Mensajero , Silicio , Zinc , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/genética , Silicio/química , Silicio/farmacología , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/química , Zinc/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Animales , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Transcriptoma/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN

RESUMEN

Given the commercial proliferation of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) and their inevitable environmental dispersal, this study critically examines their biological and public health implications, specifically regarding Parkinson's disease. The study investigated the toxicological impact of SiQDs on the onset and development of PD-like symptoms through the induction of ferroptosis, utilizing both in vivo [Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans)] and in vitro (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line) models. Our findings demonstrated that SiQDs, characterized by their stable and water-soluble physicochemical properties, tended to accumulate in neuronal tissues. This accumulation precipitated dopaminergic neurodegeneration, manifested as diminished dopamine-dependent behaviors, and escalated the expression of PD-specific genes in C. elegans. Importantly, the results revealed that SiQDs induced ferritinophagy, a selective autophagy pathway that triggered ferroptosis and resulted in PD-like symptoms, even exacerbating disease progression in biological models. These insights were incorporated into a putatively qualitative and quantitative adverse outcome pathway framework, highlighting the serious neurodegenerative risks posed by SiQDs through ferroptosis pathways. This study provides a multidisciplinary analysis critical for informing policy on the regulation of SiQDs exposure to safeguard susceptible populations and guiding the responsible development of nanotechnologies impacting environmental and public health.

Asunto(s)

Caenorhabditis elegans , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Puntos Cuánticos , Silicio , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Caenorhabditis elegans/efectos de los fármacos , Silicio/química , Animales , Humanos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Ferroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogen with a high prevalence of infection in human populations. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection is critical for its treatment, eradication, and prognosis. Biosensors have been demonstrated to be powerful for the rapid onsite detection of pathogens, particularly for point-of-care test (POCT) scenarios. In this work, we propose a novel optical biosensor, based on nanomaterial porous silicon (PSi) and photonic surface state Tamm Plasmon Polariton (TPP), for the detection of cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA) of H. pylori bacterium. We fabricated the PSi TPP biosensor, analyzed its optical characteristics, and demonstrated through experiments, with the sensing of the CagA antigen, that the TPP biosensor has a sensitivity of 100 pm/(ng/mL), a limit of detection of 0.05 ng/mL, and specificity in terms of positive-to-negative ratio that is greater than six. From these performance factors, it can be concluded that the TPP biosensor can serve as an effective tool for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, either in analytical labs or in POCT applications.

Asunto(s)

Antígenos Bacterianos , Proteínas Bacterianas , Técnicas Biosensibles , Helicobacter pylori , Silicio , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Silicio/química , Helicobacter pylori/inmunología , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/análisis , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Porosidad , Humanos , Infecciones por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología

RESUMEN

Naphthalocyanine-based agents exhibit huge potential in photodynamic therapy, yet their photodynamic performance is restricted by the penetration depth of the external laser. Herein, we employed 18F-FDG as an internal light source to excite silicon naphthalocyanine nanoparticles to simultaneously circumvent radiative transition and boost 1O2 generation for tumor suppression.

Asunto(s)

Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes , Nanopartículas/química , Humanos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/química , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/síntesis química , Animales , Radiofármacos/química , Radiofármacos/farmacología , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Oxígeno Singlete/metabolismo , Oxígeno Singlete/química , Silicio/química

RESUMEN

Understanding the mechanical properties of porous carbon-based materials can lead to advancements in various applications, including energy storage, filtration, and lightweight structural components. Also, investigating how silicon doping affects these materials can help optimize their mechanical properties, potentially improving strength, durability, and other performance metrics. This research investigated the effects of atomic doping (Si particle up to 10 %) on the mechanical properties of the porous carbon matrix using molecular dynamics methods. Young's modulus, ultimate strength, radial distribution function, interaction energy, mean square displacement and potential energy of designed samples were reported. MD outputs predict the Si doping process improved the mechanical performance of porous structures. Numerically, Young's modulus of the C-based porous matrix increased from 234.33 GPa to 363.82 GPa by 5 % Si inserted into a pristine porous sample. Also, the ultimate strength increases from 48.54 to 115.93 GPa with increasing Si doping from 1 % to 5 %. Silicon doping enhances the bonding strength and reduces defects in the carbon matrix, leading to improved stiffness and load-bearing capacity. This results in significant increases in mechanical performance. However, excess Si may disrupt the optimal bonding network, leading to weaker connections within the matrix. Also, considering the negative value of potential energy in different doping percentages, it can be concluded that the amount of doping added up to 10 % does not disturb the initial structure and stability of the system, and the structure still has structural stability. So, we expected our introduced atomic samples to be used in actual applications.

Asunto(s)

Carbono , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Silicio , Porosidad , Silicio/química , Carbono/química , Módulo de Elasticidad

RESUMEN

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) can potentially be used for uranium (U) phytoremediation. However, the factors influencing the absorption of U and its subsequent distribution within plant tissues remain unclear, including the effect of silicon (Si) which is known to increase metal tolerance. Here, using hydroponics, the effect of Si on the distribution and speciation of U in sunflower was examined using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence and fluorescence-X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. It was found that ∼88 % of U accumulates within the root regardless of treatments. Without the addition of Si, most of the U appeared to bind to epidermis within the roots, whereas in the leaves, U primarily accumulated in the veins. The addition of Si alleviated U phytotoxicity and decreased U concentration in sunflower by an average of 60 %. In the roots, Si enhanced U distribution in cell walls and impeded its entry into cells, likely due to increased callose deposition. In the leaves, Si induced the sequestration of U in trichomes. However, Si did not alter U speciation and U remained in the hexavalent form. These results provide information on U accumulation and distribution within sunflower, and suggest that Si could enhance plant growth under high U stress.

Asunto(s)

Biodegradación Ambiental , Helianthus , Hojas de la Planta , Raíces de Plantas , Silicio , Uranio , Helianthus/metabolismo , Helianthus/efectos de los fármacos , Helianthus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Silicio/metabolismo , Silicio/farmacología , Silicio/química , Uranio/metabolismo , Uranio/toxicidad , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Although targeted therapy has revolutionized oncotherapy, engineering a versatile oncotherapy nanoplatform integrating both diagnostics and therapeutics has always been an intractable challenge to overcome the limitations of monotherapy. Herein, a theranostics platform based on DI/MP-MB has successfully realized the fluorescence detection of disease marker miR-21 and the gene/photothermal/chemo triple synergetic cancer therapy, which can trace the tumor through photothermal and fluorescence dual-mode imaging and overcome the limitations of monotherapy to improve the treatment efficiency of tumors. DI/MP-MB was prepared by magnetic mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (M-MSNs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) and new indocyanine green (IR820), and subsequently coating polydopamine as a "gatekeeper", followed by the surface adsorbed with molecular beacons capable of targeting miR-21 for responsive imaging. Under the action of enhanced permeability retention and external magnetic field, DI/MP-MB were targeted and selectively accumulated in the tumor. MiR-21 MB hybridized with miR-21 to form a double strand, which led to the desorption of miR-21 MB from the polydopamine surface and the fluorescence recovery to realize gene silencing and fluorescence imaging for tracking the treatment process. Meanwhile, with the response to the near-infrared irradiation and the tumor's microacid environment, the outer layer polydopamine will decompose, releasing Dox and IR820 to realize chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Finally, the ability of DI/MP-MB to efficiently suppress tumor growth was comprehensively assessed and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthily, the excellent anticancer efficiency by the synergistic effect of gene/photothermal/chemo triple therapy of DI/MP-MB makes it an ideal nanoplatform for tumor therapy and imaging.

Asunto(s)

Doxorrubicina , Indoles , MicroARNs , Imagen Multimodal , Polímeros , Silicio , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , Indoles/química , Polímeros/química , Silicio/química , Humanos , Animales , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Ratones , Porosidad , Verde de Indocianina/química , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nanopartículas/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Imagen Óptica , Propiedades de Superficie

RESUMEN

The silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) has been developed for over two decades as an ultrasensitive, label-free biosensor for biodetection. However, inconsistencies in manufacturing and surface functionalization at the nanoscale have led to poor sensor-to-sensor consistency in performance. Despite extensive efforts to address this issue through process improvements and calibration methods, the outcomes have not been satisfactory. Herein, based on the strong correlation between the saturation response of SiNW FET biosensors and both their feature size and surface functionalization, we propose a calibration strategy that combines the sensing principles of SiNW FET with the Langmuir-Freundlich model. By normalizing the response of the SiNW FET biosensors (ΔI/I0) with their saturation response (ΔI/I0)max, this strategy fundamentally overcomes the issues mentioned above. It has enabled label-free detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and exosomes within 5 min, achieving detection limits as low as attomoles and demonstrating a significant reduction in the coefficient of variation. Notably, the nucleic acid test results exhibit a strong correlation with the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer measurements, with a correlation coefficient reaching 0.933. The proposed saturation response calibration strategy exhibits good universality and practicability in biological detection applications, providing theoretical and experimental support for the transition of mass-manufactured nanosensors from theoretical research to practical application.

Asunto(s)

Técnicas Biosensibles , Nanocables , Silicio , Transistores Electrónicos , Silicio/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , Nanocables/química , Calibración , Ácidos Nucleicos/análisis

RESUMEN

Increased anthropogenic activities over the last decades have led to a gradual increase in chromium (Cr) content in the soil, which, due to its high mobility in soil, makes Cr accumulation in plants a serious threat to the health of animals and humans. The present study investigated the ameliorative effect of foliar-applied Si nanoparticles (SiF) and soil-applied SiNPs enriched biochar (SiBc) on the growth of wheat in Cr-polluted soil (CPS). Two levels of CPS were prepared, including 12.5 % and 25 % by adding Cr-polluted wastewater in the soil as soil 1 (S1) and soil 2 (S2), respectively for the pot experiment with a duration of 40 days. Cr stress significantly reduced wheat growth, however, combined application of SiF and SiBc improved root and shoot biomass production under Cr stress by (i) reducing Cr accumulation, (ii) increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase), and (iii) increasing protein and total phenolic contents in both root and shoot respectively. Nonetheless, separate applications of SiF and SiBc effectively reduced Cr toxicity in shoot and root respectively, indicating a tissue-specific regulation of wheat growth under Cr. Later, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm analysis showed a maximum soil Cr adsorption capacity ∼ Q(max) of 40.6 mg g-1 and 59 mg g-1 at S1 and S2 respectively, while the life cycle impact assessment showed scores of -1 mg kg-1 and -211 mg kg-1 for Cr in agricultural soil and - 0.184 and - 38.7 for human health at S1 and S2 respectively in response to combined SiF + SiBC application, thus indicating the environment implication of Si nanoparticles and its biochar in ameliorating Cr toxicity in different environmental perspectives.

Asunto(s)

Carbón Orgánico , Cromo , Nanopartículas , Silicio , Contaminantes del Suelo , Triticum , Triticum/efectos de los fármacos , Triticum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Carbón Orgánico/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Cromo/toxicidad , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Suelo/química

RESUMEN

The radiohybrid (rh) concept to design targeted (and chemically identical) radiotracers for imaging or radionuclide therapy of tumors has gained momentum. For this strategy, a new bifunctional Silicon-based Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) moiety (SiFA)SeFe was synthesized, endowed with improved hydrophilicity and high versatility of integration into rh-compounds. Preliminary radiolabeling and stability studies under different conditions were conducted using model bioconjugate peptides. Further, three somatostatin receptor 2 (sstR2)-targeted rh-compounds ((SiFA)SeFe-rhTATE1-3, TATE = (Tyr3)-octreotate) were developed. Compound (SiFA)SeFe-rhTATE3, enables labeling with 18F for PET imaging or chelation of 177Lu for therapy. The rh-compounds possess comparable receptor binding affinity and in vitro performance as good as the clinically proven gold standards. SstR2-specificity was further shown for (SiFA)SeFe-rhTATE2 using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The biodistribution of two compounds in mice showed high accumulation in tumors and excretion via the kidneys, demonstrating the clinical applicability of the (SiFA)SeFe moiety.

Asunto(s)

Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Receptores de Somatostatina , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Membrana Corioalantoides/metabolismo , Fluoruros/química , Radioisótopos de Flúor/química , Lutecio/química , Péptidos/química , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Radioisótopos/química , Radiofármacos/química , Radiofármacos/síntesis química , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Receptores de Somatostatina/metabolismo , Silicio/química , Distribución Tisular , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Compuestos de Hierro/química

RESUMEN

Mildewed tobacco leaves seriously impact on cigarette product quality and pose a health risk to person. However, early moldy tobacco leaves are hardly found by naked eyes in the workshop. In this work, we self-assemble AuAg nanoalloys on silicon wafers to construct Si/AuAg chips. The headspace-surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) protocol is developed to monitor volatile 1,2-dichloro-3-methoxybenzene (2,3-DCA) and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) released from postharvest tobacco. Consequently, the visualization of the SERS peak at 1592 cm-1 assigned to ν(CC) after headspace collection for 10 min and the SERS intensity ratio of 1054 and 1035 cm-1 from 2,3-DCA and 2,4,6-TCA less than 0.5 could be used as indicators to predict early moldy tobacco. Additionally, with headspace collection time prolonging to 2 h, a SERS band at 682 cm-1 due to ν(CCl) of 2,4,6-TCA occurs, confirming the mildew of leaves. The headspace-SERS protocol paves a path for rapid and on-site inspection of the quality of tobacco leaves and cigarettes during storage with a portable Raman system.

Asunto(s)

Oro , Nicotiana , Hojas de la Planta , Plata , Espectrometría Raman , Hojas de la Planta/química , Nicotiana/química , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Plata/química , Oro/química , Anisoles/análisis , Anisoles/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Silicio/química , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología

RESUMEN

Traditional fluorescence intensity-based probes face challenges in accurately measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) due to intramolecular fluorescence quenching. In this work, we introduce a novel approach by incorporating quenching moieties within the zwitterionic probe to eliminate self-quenching interference, thus, enabling real-time and precise visualization of reversible MMP changes. We synthesized a zwitterionic fluorescent probe consisting of silicon-rhodamine (SiR) that was hydroxyl-substituted on the bay position of perylene diimides (PDIs) connected via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. The lipophilic cationic SiR facilitates the entry of the PDI into the mitochondria, where the alkaline pH environment (pH = 8.0) ionizes the hydroxyl to a negatively charged species, affecting the quenching efficiency of SiR depending on the distance between the PDI and SiR moieties regulated by the MMP. The rigid aromatic ring of the PDI and strong hydrophobic interactions with the lipid bilayer, along with the inhibitory effect of the negatively charged hydroxyl on internalization, ensure the retention of PDI within the mitochondria. As the MMP decreases, SiR shifts outward, reducing quenching by phenolic anions and restoring fluorescence. Conversely, as the MMP increases, SiR moves inward, intensifying quenching by phenolic ions and reducing fluorescence, enabling reversible visualization monitoring of the MMP. This strategy overcomes the limitations of traditional intensity-based probes, providing a new avenue for reversible monitoring of the MMP.

Asunto(s)

Colorantes Fluorescentes , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial , Rodaminas , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Rodaminas/química , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Silicio/química , Imagen Óptica , Polietilenglicoles/química , Perileno/química , Perileno/análogos & derivados

RESUMEN

Crohn's disease (CD) is a refractory chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with unknown etiology. Transmural inflammation, involving the intestine and mesentery, represents a characteristic pathological feature of CD and serves as a critical contributor to its intractability. Here, this study describes an oral pyroptosis nanoinhibitor loaded with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) (DNAzymes@degradable silicon nanoparticles@Mannose, Dz@MDSN), which can target macrophages at the site of inflammation and respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) to release drugs. Dz@MDSN can not only break the inflammatory cycle in macrophages by degrading TNF-α mRNA but also reduce the production of ROS mainly from macrophages. Moreover, Dz@MDSN inhibits excessive pyroptosis in epithelial cells through ROS clearance, thereby repairing the intestinal barrier and reducing the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the mesentery. Consequently, these combined actions synergistically contribute to the suppression of inflammation within both the intestine and the mesentery. This study likely represents the first successful attempt in the field of utilizing nanomaterials to achieve transmural healing for CD, which also provides a promising treatment strategy for CD patients.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedad de Crohn , ADN Catalítico , Piroptosis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Enfermedad de Crohn/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Crohn/patología , Enfermedad de Crohn/metabolismo , Piroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Humanos , Animales , Administración Oral , Ratones , ADN Catalítico/química , ADN Catalítico/metabolismo , ADN Catalítico/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Silicio/química , Silicio/farmacología , Manosa/química , Manosa/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Masculino

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to evaluate the single and combined effects of Si exogenous treatment and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis M1 strain inoculation on rosemary tolerance to low phosphorus (P) availability. Hence, rosemary plants were fertilized with 250 µmol Ca3HPO4 (stressed plants) or 250 µmol KH2PO4 (control plants) under Si treatment and B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation. P starvation negatively affected rosemary growth and its P nutrition. However, exogenous Si supply or B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation significantly (P < 0.001) alleviated the deficiency-induced effects and significantly improved rhizogenesis, acid phosphatase activity, P uptake, and eventually dry weight of shoot and root. Moreover, Si-treatment and/or B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the oxidative damage, in terms of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. This was found positively correlated with the higher superoxide dismutase activity, and the elevated non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules accumulation, including total polyphenols in Si-treated and inoculated P-deficient plants. Taken together, Si supplementation and/or B. subtilis M1 strain inoculation could be a good strategy to sustain rosemary plant growth under P starvation conditions.

Asunto(s)

Bacillus subtilis , Fertilizantes , Fosfatos , Fósforo , Rosmarinus , Silicio , Rosmarinus/química , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fósforo/metabolismo , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Fertilizantes/análisis , Silicio/farmacología , Silicio/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The active silicon cell of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel is covered by an ethylenevinylacetate (EVA) adhesive and a protective top glass layer. Separating this glass-EVA layer from the underlying silicon represents a bottleneck for recycling PV panels. Previous work has shown that the EVA-Si bond can be weakened by applying a continuous source of heat to melt the EVA. In this paper, a new method using nanosecond laser pulses is demonstrated to induce transient melting selectively at the EVA-Si interface. This impulsive heating method can cleanly separate the glass-EVA layer from the silicon in both model and commercial multicrystalline PV panels. The dependence of this debonding on parameters like laser pulse fluence (laser pulse energy per area), wavelength, applied pressure, and scan speed were characterized. For model PV panels, the single-pulse laser fluences required for spontaneous separation of the assembly under the force of gravity, were 0.23, 0.32 and 0.78 J/cm2 for 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm, respectively. The use of shorter wavelengths reduces the laser fluence needed for debonding, while higher fluences can compensate for faster laser beam scanning rates. Optical and electron microscopy images of the Si surfaces before and after laser irradiation show that the textured antireflection layer is destroyed but the silver metal grid remains intact. Preliminary experiments using 532 nm pulses showed that the laser debonding method could remove the glass-EVA layer from sections of decommissioned commercial PV panels, even when the top glass layer was densely cracked.

Asunto(s)

Vidrio , Rayos Láser , Silicio , Silicio/química , Vidrio/química , Reciclaje/métodos , Energía Solar , Polivinilos/química