RESUMEN
Introdução: As clínicas-escolas de fonoaudiologia exercem papel fundamental na formação dos futuros profissionais. O Centro Docente Assistencial de Fonoaudiologia (CEDAF) foi criado com o intuito de ser uma clínica-escola do Curso de Graduação em Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Objetivo: Descrever a história do CEDAF, a fim de contextualizar as mudanças pelas quais passou, destacando os principais acontecimentos a partir do olhar de atores que fazem parte desse percurso. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, caracterizado como exploratório e descritivo, realizado na clínica CEDAF. Foram utilizadas fontes de dados orais, coletadas por meio de entrevistas e grupo focal, gravadas em áudio, transcritas e analisadas conforme categoria temática, buscando identificar os núcleos de sentido. Resultados: Foi possível perceber a intensa transformação pela qual o CEDAF passou ao longo dos seus vinte anos de história. Entre as mudanças mais significativas estão a ampliação do espaço físico, aumento do número de alunos do curso e a contratação de novos docentes, a admissão de fonoaudiólogas na clínica e o convênio firmado com a rede municipal de saúde. Conclusão: Deixar registrada uma primeira versão da história do CEDAF pode contribuir para fazer deste local um campo de pesquisa em contínuo aperfeiçoamento na formação dos futuros profissionais de fonoaudiologia e na prestação de serviço.
Introduction: Speech therapy clinic-schools play a fundamental role in the training of future professionals. The Speech-Language Pathology Teaching Assistance Center (CEDAF) was created with the intention of being a clinic-school of the Graduation Course in Speech Therapy at the Federal University of Bahia. Purpose: Describe the history of CEDAF, to contextualize the changes it has gone through, highlighting the main events from the perspective of actors who are part of this path. Method: This is a qualitative study, characterized as exploratory and descriptive, carried out at the CEDAF clinic. Oral data sources were used, collected through interviews and focus groups, recorded in audio, transcribed, and analyzed according to thematic category, seeking to identify the core meanings. Results: It was possible to perceive the intense transformation that CEDAF has undergone throughout its twenty years of history. Among the most significant changes are the expansion of the physical space, the increase in the number of students in the course and the hiring of new professors, the admission of speech therapists in the clinic and the agreement signed with the municipal health network. Conclusion: Registering a first version of the history of CEDAF can contribute to making this place a field of research in continuous improvement in the training of future professionals in speech therapy and service provision.
Introducción: Las clínicas-escuelas de logopedia juegan un papel fundamental en la formación de los futuros profesionales. El Centro de Asistencia Docente de Logopedia (CEDAF) se creó con la intención de ser clínica-escuela del Curso de Graduación en Logopedia de la Universidad Federal de Bahía.Objetivo: Describir la historia del CEDAF, con el fin de contextualizar los cambios que ha atravesado, destacando los principales hechos desde la perspectiva de los actores que forman parte de este camino. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, caracterizado como exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado en la clínica CEDAF. Se utilizaron fuentes de datos orales, recolectadas a través de entrevistas y grupos focales, grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas según categoría temática, buscando identificar los significados centrales. Resultados: Se pudo percibir la intensa transformación que ha experimentado CEDAF a lo largo de sus veinte años de historia. Entre los cambios más significativos se encuentran la ampliación del espacio físico, el aumento del número de alumnos en el curso y la contratación de nuevos profesores, la admisión de logopedas en la clínica y el convenio suscrito con la red municipal de salud. Conclusión: Registrar una primera versión de la historia del CEDAF puede contribuir a hacer de este lugar un campo de investigación en mejora continua en la formación de los futuros profesionales en logopedia y prestación de servicios.
Asunto(s)
Fonoaudiología/historia , Universidades , Prácticas Clínicas , Grupos Focales , Investigación Cualitativa , Servicios de Salud/historiaRESUMEN
Global health is a multifaceted concept that entails the standardization of procedures in healthcare domains in accordance with a doctrine agreed upon by experts. This essay focus on the creation of health demonstration areas by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to establish core nodes for integrated state-of-the-art health services. It explores the origins, theoretical basis and aims of this technique and reviews several European experiences during the first 20 years of the WHO. Particular attention is paid to the historical importance of technical cooperative activities carried out by the WHO in regard to the implementation of health services, a long-term strategic move that contributed to the thematic upsurge of primary health care in the late 1970s.
Asunto(s)
Salud Global/historia , Práctica de Salud Pública/historia , Educación/historia , Europa (Continente) , Servicios de Salud/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Organización Mundial de la Salud/historiaRESUMEN
Abstract Global health is a multifaceted concept that entails the standardization of procedures in healthcare domains in accordance with a doctrine agreed upon by experts. This essay focus on the creation of health demonstration areas by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to establish core nodes for integrated state-of-the-art health services. It explores the origins, theoretical basis and aims of this technique and reviews several European experiences during the first 20 years of the WHO. Particular attention is paid to the historical importance of technical cooperative activities carried out by the WHO in regard to the implementation of health services, a long-term strategic move that contributed to the thematic upsurge of primary health care in the late 1970s.
Resumen Salud global es un concepto complejo que implica la normalización de los procedimientos de actuación sanitaria siguiendo una doctrina acordada por expertos. Este trabajo se ocupa del establecimiento de zonas de demostración sanitaria por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) a modo de núcleos de modernos servicios sanitarios integrados. Revisa el origen, las bases téoricas y los objetivos de esta técnica y examina diversas experiencias europeas durante los primeros veinte años de la OMS. Pone de manifiesto la importancia histórica de las actividades de cooperación técnica de la OMS en la puesta en marcha de servicios sanitarios, una estrategia de largo plazo que ayuda a entender la aparición de la atención primaria de salud a finales de la década de 1970.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Historia del Siglo XX , Práctica de Salud Pública/historia , Salud Global/historia , Organización Mundial de la Salud/historia , Educación/historia , Europa (Continente) , Servicios de Salud/historiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the fundamentals of the global health agenda from 1944 to 2018, especially regarding Universal Health Coverage, in order to unveil its relations with capital accumulation in health services and to contribute to world social mobilization to change this tendency. METHODS: A historical study was carried out based on a purposeful selection of primary sources on the global health agenda from multilateral organizations and secondary sources about the changes of capitalism from the study period. RESULTS: The global health agenda changed from the state responsibility for health to an insurance healthcare system based on markets. The medical-industrial complex pressured national economies, broke postwar pacts, and urged economic globalization. The neoliberal, neoclassical, and neo-institutional discourse that promoted a new state-market relationship eased the new capital accumulation in healthcare into financial and cognitive capitalism. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding these relationships allows us to provide elements for social mobilization geared to transform the healthcare sector toward a new vision of health with a nature-society relationship that contributes to socially constructing human and environmental health, rather than gaining profits based on illness and chronic suffering.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/economía , Salud Global/economía , Salud Global/historia , Servicios de Salud/economía , Política , Cobertura Universal del Seguro de Salud/economía , Cobertura Universal del Seguro de Salud/historia , Cobertura Universal del Seguro de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Atención a la Salud/historia , Atención a la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Global/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Servicios de Salud/historia , Servicios de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Cobertura Universal del Seguro de Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: CT scanning was utilized to investigate an intact mummy bundle within the bioarchaeology of care framework. The project sought to ascertain whether a 'virtual' analysis was feasible, thereby avoiding physical disturbance to bundle structure and contents. METHODS: The bundle selected for this study contained an adult male (FA 54), Ichma culture, Peru, displaying evidence for two pathologies: chronic osteomyelitis of the right tibia, and cranial trauma. CT images provided the basis for bioarchaeology of care analysis, which followed Index of Care protocols. RESULTS: CT images enabled description and diagnosis of FA 54, and revealed human neonate remains and material artifacts within the bundle. Probable disease impacts were identified, and likely forms of care provided were inferred. CT scanning was of limited value in identifying characteristics of textile wrapping (a clue to cultural identity) and in resolving questions regarding funerary treatment (primary vs. secondary burial), and this constrained consideration of wider social implications of caregiving. CONCLUSION: 'Virtual' examination of FA 54 achieved an advanced stage of bioarchaeology of care analysis, but building on this would require physical examination of bundle elements. Further investigation of CT imaging potential for bioarchaeology of care research in mummy studies is recommended.
Asunto(s)
Arqueología , Servicios de Salud/historia , Momias/historia , Osteomielitis/historia , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/historia , Artefactos , Entierro , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prácticas Mortuorias , Momias/diagnóstico por imagen , Momias/patología , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteomielitis/patología , PerúRESUMEN
This paper presents a bioarchaeology of care case study based on the skeletonized remains of an elderly female with a congenital condition that compromised both mobility and independence in undertaking certain basic tasks, and which generated requirements for long-term care in the form of both direct support and accommodation. The remains show evidence of bilateral cervical ribs, severe osteoarthritic destruction in the right shoulder joint, and a healed skull trepanation. The remains were recovered from a cemetery dating to the initial part of the Late Intermediate Period at the archaeological site of Pachacamac, Peru. The subject has been identified as belonging to an Ychsma ayllu. This paper applies the bioarchaeology of care methodology in considering the implications of care provision within the Ychsma socialcontext, and suggests that caregiving may have been a relatively common practice in this complex society. This case study is a good example of how the application of social theory through the bioarchaeology of care approach can enrich bioarchaeological studies.
Asunto(s)
Arqueología , Personas con Discapacidad , Servicios de Salud/historia , Cuidados a Largo Plazo/historia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Restos Mortales , Femenino , Historia Antigua , Humanos , PerúRESUMEN
The Bioarchaeology of Care approach developed by Tilley is usually applied to skeletalized human remains, given the usual constraints of preservation bias that are seen with archaeological assemblages. However, other tissues, such as hair are sometimes preserved and can provide a wealth of information that can supplement the skeletal data. Archaeological hair has been analysed for drug compounds for almost thirty years. This article integrates data from hair analyses for coca metabolites, stable light isotope analysis and aDNA to expand the potential of the Bioarchaeology of Care approach using the example of a spontaneously mummified adult female from northern Chile.
Asunto(s)
Arqueología , Enfermedad de Chagas/historia , Coca/química , Cabello/química , Momias/historia , Adulto , Restos Mortales/química , Restos Mortales/patología , Isótopos de Carbono/análisis , Enfermedad de Chagas/patología , Chile , Tejido Conectivo/química , Tejido Conectivo/patología , Dieta/historia , Personas con Discapacidad , Femenino , Servicios de Salud/historia , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Momias/patología , Músculos/química , Músculos/patología , Isótopos de Nitrógeno/análisisRESUMEN
Se revisan documentos relacionados con el desarrollo de la salud pública cubana después del triunfo de la Revolución y la ayuda a otros pueblos del mundo. Se constata la participación directa del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz en muchos de los logros alcanzados por Cuba en materia de salud y en la práctica del internacionalismo proletario. Asimismo, se demuestra que la voluntad revolucionaria de un hombre como Fidel pudo movilizar la conciencia humana por un mundo mejor(AU)
Documents related to the development of the Cuban public health after the victory of the Revolution and the help to other countries are reviewed. The Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz direct participation is verified in many of the achievements reached by Cuba regarding health and in the practice of the proletarian internationalism. Also, it is demonstrated that the revolutionary will of a man as Fidel could mobilize the human conscience for a better world(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Salud Pública/historia , Servicios de Salud/historia , Sistemas de Salud/historia , Personalidad , Políticas de Control Social , Política de SaludRESUMEN
Se revisan documentos relacionados con el desarrollo de la salud pública cubana después del triunfo de la Revolución y la ayuda a otros pueblos del mundo. Se constata la participación directa del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz en muchos de los logros alcanzados por Cuba en materia de salud y en la práctica del internacionalismo proletario. Asimismo, se demuestra que la voluntad revolucionaria de un hombre como Fidel pudo movilizar la conciencia humana por un mundo mejor
Documents related to the development of the Cuban public health after the victory of the Revolution and the help to other countries are reviewed. The Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz direct participation is verified in many of the achievements reached by Cuba regarding health and in the practice of the proletarian internationalism. Also, it is demonstrated that the revolutionary will of a man as Fidel could mobilize the human conscience for a better world
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Política de Salud , Personajes , Políticas , Servicios de Salud/historia , Cooperación Internacional/historia , Personalidad , Cuba , Planificación en Salud/organización & administraciónRESUMEN
Objective: To analyze the literature on permanent education, identifying the conceptual evolution and its application in health services in Brazil. Method: An integrative review of the literature was performed. A total of 54 studies written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published from January 1970 to May 2016 from the databases of the Virtual Health Library, were included. Results: Conceptual problematization was highlighted as a contribution to educational actions, indicating a conceptual development of permanent education in Brazil. However, permanent education actions sometimes occur independently from the work process. There are difficulties in understanding and application, with repercussions for health services, revealing that professionals' and managers' commitment is a challenge. Implications for practice: Continuing education is a field that lacks investments for the transformation of reality in the health service routine in Brazil.
Objetivo: Analizar la literatura sobre la Educación Continua, identificando la evolución conceptual y su aplicación en los servicios de salud en Brasil. Método: Revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se incluyeron 54 estudios en inglés, portugués y español, desde enero de 1970 hasta mayo de 2016, a partir de las bases de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Resultados: Se destacó la concepción problematizada como contribución a la educación, lo que indica avance conceptual en la educación continua en Brasil. Sin embargo, las acciones de educación permanente, por veces, suceden desconectadas del proceso de trabajo. Existen dificultades en la comprensión y aplicación, con repercusiones en los servicios de salud, revelándose como un reto el compromiso de los profesionales y directivos. Implicaciones para la práctica: La educación continua es un campo que necesita más inversión para la transformación de la realidad en la vida cotidiana de los servicios de salud en Brasil.
Objetivo: Analisar a literatura sobre educação permanente, identificando a evolução conceitual e sua aplicação nos serviços de saúde no Brasil. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura. Foram incluídas 54 publicações em inglês, português e espanhol, de janeiro de 1970 a maio de 2016, provenientes das bases da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: Destacou-se a concepção problematizadora como aporte para as ações educativas, indicando avanço conceitual sobre a educação permanente no Brasil. No entanto, as ações de educação permanente, por vezes, acontecem desarticuladas do processo de trabalho. Existem dificuldades de compreensão e aplicação, com repercussões nos serviços de saúde, revelando-se como desafio o comprometimento dos profissionais e gestores. Implicações para a prática: A educação permanente é campo que carece de investimentos, visando à transformação da realidade no cotidiano dos serviços de saúde, no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Educación Continua/historia , Servicios de Salud/historia , Comunicación Académica/historiaRESUMEN
Cuba tiene una larga historia en la construcción de servicios de salud, los procesos de transformación revolucionaria de la sociedad cubana a partir del año 1959 marcaron, sin lugar a dudas, un punto de inflexión en el desarrollo histórico de la salud, tanto en su interpretación como en la práctica de los servicios. Las consideraciones que a continuación se presentan son el resultado del análisis realizado sobre la evolución de la cobertura de salud y los servicios de salud por un panel de expertos en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública de Cuba donde participé junto a otros reconocidos salubristas. La Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistencia Social, en el periodo prerrevolucionario, dirigía sus acciones fundamentalmente a la atención médica en los hospitales y en menor cuantía a las llamadas jefaturas locales de sanidad, encargadas de los aspectos higiénico-sanitarios de saneamiento básico y otras tareas de prevención como los servicios de cuarentena y...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Cobertura Universal del Seguro de Salud , Servicios de Salud/historia , CubaRESUMEN
In the late nineteenth century, health service reports constituted a repository of information on the main diseases in Mozambique and the impacts of their frequency, as well as on the procedures and methods used to fight disease within a regional framework whose description indicates a broad knowledge of the characteristics and potentials of the various districts and of the living conditions of the people. The objective of this article is to highlight that these reports constitute a privileged source not only for the study of the process of cementing Portuguese colonial rule in Mozambique, but also for the study of tropical medicine from a perspective that takes into account the specific conditions of the region, and which provides historical information on the analysis of the problems related to disease and cure.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud/historia , Medicina Tradicional/historia , Fitoterapia/historia , Enfermedad/historia , Historia de la Medicina , Historia del Siglo XIX , Hospitales/historia , Humanos , Registros Médicos , Mozambique , Farmacias/historiaRESUMEN
Nos finais do século XIX, os relatórios dos serviços de saúde compõem um repositório de informação sobre as principais enfermidades em Moçambique e os impactos da sua frequência, bem como sobre os procedimentos e métodos no combate à doença, num quadro regional cuja descrição remete para um conhecimento alargado das características e potencialidades dos vários distritos e das condições de vida da população. Este artigo evidencia que estes relatórios constituem um espaço privilegiado não só para o estudo do processo de implantação do poder colonial português em Moçambique, como para o estudo da medicina tropical numa perspetiva que tenha em conta as condições específicas do território e que enquadra historicamente a problemática da doença e da cura.
In the late nineteenth century, health service reports constituted a repository of information on the main diseases in Mozambique and the impacts of their frequency, as well as on the procedures and methods used to fight disease within a regional framework whose description indicates a broad knowledge of the characteristics and potentials of the various districts and of the living conditions of the people. The objective of this article is to highlight that these reports constitute a privileged source not only for the study of the process of cementing Portuguese colonial rule in Mozambique, but also for the study of tropical medicine from a perspective that takes into account the specific conditions of the region, and which provides historical information on the analysis of the problems related to disease and cure.
Asunto(s)
Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Servicios de Salud/historia , Medicina Tradicional/historia , Fitoterapia/historia , Enfermedad/historia , Historia de la Medicina , Hospitales/historia , Registros Médicos , Mozambique , Farmacias/historiaRESUMEN
Community participation in health has conventionally been described and analysed from a non-historical perspective, neglecting the central role that disadvantaged communities have played in the construction of health institutions in our societies, alienating collective health from its historical subject. From a socio-psychological perspective, this study explores the experiences of community participation in health during the Unidad Popular government in Santiago de Chile from 1970 to 1973, evidencing a radical pedagogical process inside poor urban settlements, aimed to transform Chilean classist health institutions. These findings contribute to a critical understanding of community participation in health, conceived as a dialectic and transformative action.
Asunto(s)
Medicina de la Conducta/métodos , Participación de la Comunidad/psicología , Servicios de Salud/historia , Cambio Social/historia , Adulto , Medicina de la Conducta/historia , Chile , Participación de la Comunidad/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
A atenção à saúde no Brasil se dá por meio de um sistema de saúde único, com base jurídica e apoio na Constituição Federal. A saúde é colocada como direito de todo cidadão, e para tanto são definidos modelos com vistas à operacionalização dos serviços organizados para esse fim. O primeiro nível no Brasil é denominado Atenção Básica (AB), com sua base conceitual vinda da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer e analisar como está organizada a produção teórica da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil acerca da construção social da demanda por serviços de saúde na Atenção Básica, com o intuito de criar uma referência para se pensar a mesma. A pesquisa foi feita utilizando-se os termos relacionados ao problema inicial: demanda em saúde, atenção básica e modelos tecnoassistenciais em saúde.
Health care in Brazil is set as a unified system, running under a legal basis and protected by the Constitution. Health is positioned as a right of every citizen, and both models are defined with a view to the operation of services organized for this purpose. The first level in Brazil is called Basic Care, and its conceptual basis comes from the Primary Health Care (PHC). This paper aimed to understand and analyze how organized is the theoretical production of Public Health in Brazil about the social construction of health demand care in PHC, in order to create a reference to analyze it. The survey was conducted using the terms related to the initial problem: health care demand, basic health care and technical health care models.