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O osso frontal integrante do esqueleto craniano e que integra o terço superior da face, tem papel importante na proteção do conteúdo encefálico. Fazendo parte dessa referência, encontra-se uma cavidade sinusal de dimensões variáveis, o seio frontal. A localização anatômica do seio frontal permite que ele contribua para proteção do lobo frontal agindo como barreira absorvedora de choque, além da fisiologia sinusal. As fraturas craniofaciais podem afetar a parede anterior e/ou posterior, com ou sem envolvimento do ducto nasofrontal (DNF). O planejamento do tratamento é baseado na relação clínico-imaginológica. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) tem grande importância no processo decisório do planejamento. O tratamento pode ser do tipo não cirúrgico, quando há patência dos DNF e comprometimento estético não crítico para o paciente, ou cirúrgico quando há comprometimento dos DNF e/ou comprometimento estético crítico, ou ainda quando há envolvimento da parede posterior e necessidade de cranialização e obliteração ductal. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar uma cranioplastia secundária à sequela de fratura fronto-orbitária, com emprego de fragmentos osteotomizados do próprio sítio de fratura, fixados com miniplacas do Sistema 1.5mm e ainda o emprego de retalho de pericrânio têmporo-parietal para camuflagem de tecido mole por preenchimento.

The frontal bone, part of the cranial skeleton and part of the upper third of the face has an essential role in protecting brain content. As part of this reference, there is a sinus cavity of variable dimensions, the frontal sinus. The anatomical location of the frontal sinus allows it to contribute to frontal lobe protection by acting as a shock-absorbing barrier in addition to sinus physiology. Craniofacial fractures can compromise the anterior and(or) posterior wall, with or without the involvement of the nasofrontal duct (NFD). Treatment planning is based on clinical and imaging evaluation. Computed tomography (CT) is essential for planning and decision-making process. The treatment can be non-surgical, when there is patency of the FND and aesthetic impairment that is not critical for the patient, or surgical when there is impairment of the FND and/or critical aesthetic impairment, or even when there is involvement of the posterior wall and the need for cranialization and ductal obliteration. The objective of this article is to report a cranioplasty secondary to the sequelae of a frontal-orbital fracture, using osteotomized fragments from the fracture site itself, fixed with miniplates (1.5mm System), and the use of a temporoparietal pericranium flap to camouflage tissue soft for filling.

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Abnormal venous drainage in patients with craniofacial anomalies is relativity uncommon. Sinus pericranii is a rare vascular malformation characterized by communication between intracranial dural sinuses and extracranial venous drainage systems. The association between sinus pericranii and amniotic band syndrome has not been described. We report on a 7-month-old girl diagnosed with amniotic band sequence who underwent posterior fossa decompression due to intracranial hypertension and Chiari malformation type I. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance identified the connection between the sagittal sinus and the scalp. During the operation, the presence of sinus pericranii was a complicating factor limiting the proper exposure because of the risk of bleeding. Patients with craniofacial anomalies and sinus pericranii present an increased risk of serious surgical complications and consequences from craniofacial surgery, especially from cranioplasty and posterior decompression. Special attention must be paid to abnormal venous drainage, and vascular imaging studies are sometimes required.

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To study the repair of pericranium-cutaneous flaps fixed with suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in Wistar rats with emphasis on the cellular inflammatory response and the production of types I and III collagen. The operated region in the cephalic region of Wistar rats was removed minutes before euthanasia, fixed in formalin, and subjected to histological preparation. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius. Standardized counts of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages were performed, and the percentages of types I and III collagen were determined. Data collection occurred on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 postoperatively. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quantitative analysis of the data showed more fibroblasts in the surgical adhesive group than in the nylon monofilament thread groups (p=0.0211). Qualitative analysis showed higher reactivity in the adhesive group, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells from days 3-45 and macrophages from days 3-7. The amount of type I collagen exceeded 80% in the treated and control groups at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Subperiosteal detachment triggers a cellular inflammatory response that is amplified using soft tissue fixation methods. The adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was more reactive than the nylon monofilament thread anchored in the skull bone tunnel.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

To study the repair of pericranium-cutaneous flaps fixed with suture anchored in a skull bone tunnel or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive in Wistar rats with emphasis on the cellular inflammatory response and the production of types I and III collagen. The operated region in the cephalic region of Wistar rats was removed minutes before euthanasia, fixed in formalin, and subjected to histological preparation. Slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius. Standardized counts of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages were performed, and the percentages of types I and III collagen were determined. Data collection occurred on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 45 postoperatively. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quantitative analysis of the data showed more fibroblasts in the surgical adhesive group than in the nylon monofilament thread groups (p=0.0211). Qualitative analysis showed higher reactivity in the adhesive group, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells from days 3-45 and macrophages from days 3-7. The amount of type I collagen exceeded 80% in the treated and control groups at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Subperiosteal detachment triggers a cellular inflammatory response that is amplified using soft tissue fixation methods. The adhesive n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was more reactive than the nylon monofilament thread anchored in the skull bone tunnel.(AU)

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Sinus pericranii es una anomalía vascular poco frecuente que consiste en conexiones anómalas congénitas o adquiridas entresistemas venosos extracraneales e intracraneales. Los lagos venosos extracraneales se conectan a los senos durales intracranealesa través de venas dilatadas diploicas y emisarias.Este trastorno es hallado generalmente en la población pediátrica y la mayoría de las veces involucra el seno sagital superiory ocasionalmente el seno transverso. Son procesos generalmente estables habiéndose publicado inclusive casos de regresiónespontánea.

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Sinus pericranii (SP) is an abnormal communication between the intracranial and extracranial venous drainage pathways. Treatment of this condition has mainly been recommended for aesthetic reasons and prevention of hemorrhage. The authors report a conservative treatment for the potentially lethal complications.

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Um caso de Sinus Pericranii associado a uma malformação do seio sagital superior, na qual o lobo frontal apresenta sua drenagem venosa para o exterior do crânio através do próprio Sinus Pericranii, originando varizes orbitárias. O diagnóstico preciso foi obtido pelo estudo angiográfico e o tratamento foi conservador devido ao risco cirúrgico. Foi feita uma breve revisão da literatura sobre Sinus Pericranii.

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