RESUMEN

Bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect human health by inducing oxidative stress and irreversible damage to cells. Bioactive compounds found in some functional foods, individually or in combination, can attenuate the negative effects of BPA exposure; an example is the multi-supplement containing guarana (Gua), selenium (Se), and L-carnitine (LC) -GSC- which has already demonstrated antioxidant, genoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of GSC and its constituents on oxidative and genotoxic alterations triggered by BPA exposure in the retinal epithelial cell line. The cells exposed to BPA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, and 10 µM) to determine the lowest concentration required to induce cyto-genotoxicity. ARPE-19 cells were then concomitantly exposed to the selected BPA concentration, GSC, and its components (Gua, 1.07 mg/mL; Se, 0.178 µg/mL; and LC, 1.43 mg/mL). Flow cytometry, biochemical assays, qRT-PCR, genotoxicity, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation. Based on our results, 10 µM of BPA could induce cyto-genotoxic and oxidative alterations. BPA did not alter the Bcl-2/BAX expression ratio but induced Casp3 and Casp8 overexpression, suggesting that apoptosis was induced mainly via the extrinsic pathway. GSC partially reversed the alterations triggered by BPA in ARPE-19 cells. However, Se had unexpected negative effects on ARPE-19 cells. The multi-supplement GSC may attenuate changes in oxidative and genotoxic markers related to exposure of ARPE-19 cells to BPA. our results revealed that the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and genoprotective properties of GSC were not universally shared by its individual, once Se did not exhibit any positive impact.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Carnitina , Estrés Oxidativo , Fenoles , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina , Selenio , Fenoles/toxicidad , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Humanos , Selenio/farmacología , Carnitina/farmacología , Epitelio Pigmentado de la Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Paullinia/química , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Citometría de Flujo , Suplementos Dietéticos

RESUMEN

It is known that selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, important for the growth and other biological functions of fish. One of its most important functions is to contribute to the preservation of certain biological components, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, providing protection against free radicals resulting from normal metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate and optimize selenium accumulation in the native yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 6S. Sodium selenite was evaluated at different concentrations (5-10-15-20-30-40 mg/L). Similarly, the effects of different concentrations of nitrogen sources and pH on cell growth and selenium accumulation in the yeast were analyzed. Subsequently, the best cultivation conditions were scaled up to a 2 L reactor with constant aeration, and the proteome of the yeast cultured with and without sodium selenite was evaluated. The optimal conditions for biomass generation and selenium accumulation were found with ammonium chloride and pH 5.5. Incorporating sodium selenite (30 mg/L) during the exponential phase in the bioreactor after 72 h of cultivation resulted in 10 g/L of biomass, with 0.25 mg total Se/g biomass, composed of 25% proteins, 15% lipids, and 0.850 mg total carotenoids/g biomass. The analysis of the proteomes associated with yeast cultivation with and without selenium revealed a total of 1871 proteins. The results obtained showed that the dynamic changes in the proteome, in response to selenium in the experimental medium, are directly related to catalytic activity and oxidoreductase activity in the yeast. R. mucilaginosa 6S could be an alternative for the generation of selenium-rich biomass with a composition of other nutritional compounds also of interest in aquaculture, such as proteins, lipids, and pigments.

Asunto(s)

Proteómica , Rhodotorula , Selenio , Rhodotorula/metabolismo , Rhodotorula/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rhodotorula/efectos de los fármacos , Selenio/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacología , Proteómica/métodos , Biomasa , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Selenito de Sodio/metabolismo , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

A series of seleno-containing polyfunctionalized compounds was synthesized exploring cyanohydrin chemistry, including α-hydroxy esters, α-hydroxy acids, 1,2-diols, and 1,2-diacetates, with yields ranging from 26 up to 99 %. The cytotoxicity of all synthesized compounds was then evaluated using a non-tumor cell line (BALB/3T3 murine fibroblasts), and those deemed non-cytotoxic had their anti-melanoma activity evaluated using B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. These assays identified two compounds with selective cytotoxic activity against the tested melanoma cell line, showing a potential anti-melanoma application.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Nitrilos , Compuestos de Organoselenio , Animales , Ratones , Anhídridos/química , Anhídridos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Células 3T3 BALB , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma/patología , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Estructura Molecular , Nitrilos/química , Nitrilos/farmacología , Nitrilos/síntesis química , Compuestos de Organoselenio/química , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/síntesis química , Selenio/química , Selenio/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Acetatos/síntesis química , Acetatos/química , Acetatos/farmacología

RESUMEN

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease, which occurs largely due to unhealthy lifestyle. As oxidative stress is believed to promote T2D, by inducing damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, appropriate dietary interventions seem critical to prevent, manage, and even reverse this condition. Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.) are nature's richest source of selenium, a mineral that has shown several health benefits. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of selenium consumption, through Brazil nuts, on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, and genomic instability in T2D patients. We recruited 133 patients with T2D, registered in the Integrated Clinics of the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Brazil). Participants consumed one Brazil nut a day for six months. Blood samples and exfoliated buccal cells were collected at the beginning and the end of the intervention. The glycemic profile, lipid profile, renal profile and hepatic profile, DNA damage and selenium content were evaluated. A total of 74 participants completed the intervention. Brazil nut consumption increased selenium and GSH levels, GPx, and CAT activity while DCF and nitrites levels decreased. Total thiols increased, and protein carbonyl and MDA levels decreased. Levels of baseline and oxidative DNA damage in T2D patients were significantly decreased, as well as the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear buds. The fasting glucose levels, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and GGT levels that increased significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly reduced with nut consumption. Our results show an increase in antioxidant activity, along with reductions of protein and lipid oxidation as well as DNA damage, suggesting that Brazil nut consumption could be an ally in reducing oxidative stress and modulating the genomic instability in T2D patients.

Asunto(s)

Bertholletia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Selenio , Humanos , Bertholletia/química , Selenio/farmacología , Sobrepeso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Mucosa Bucal , Lípidos , Daño del ADN , Inestabilidad Genómica

RESUMEN

The research was carried out in order to find ways to optimize the system of protection of spring wheat crops. In the conducted studies, the effect of combinations of sodium selenite and various pesticides, differing in the specifics of action and biological activity, on the yield and quality of spring wheat of the Yubileinaya 80 variety was studied. Currently, there is a need to achieve a sufficient effect of the action of chemical plant protection products and to obtain a minimum impact on human health and the environment. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various combinations of chemical plant protection products and methods of using sodium selenite on the yield and grain quality indicators of spring wheat variety Yubileinaya 80. The studies were carried out under the conditions of a vegetative experiment with spring wheat variety Yubileinaya 80. Two methods of using sodium selenite and chemical plant protection agents of different specifics of action were studied: fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide, which were applied in different combinations and at different times. As a result of the studies, the phytotoxicity of the studied preparations of chemical plant protection was revealed, which apparently manifests itself as a result of inhibition of the morphometric indicators of the growth of the root system and vegetative organs of wheat plants, resulting in a violation of the processes of accumulation of assimilates and their outflow to the reproductive organs. Optimal combinations of pesticides and sodium selenite have been established, allowing to obtain reliable changes in yield and quality indicators of wheat grain. It was revealed that the use of selenium treatment before sowing seeds contributed to a decrease in the phytotoxicity of the studied pesticides, as a result of stimulating the processes of absorption by plants and the redistribution of nitrogen to the reproductive organs of wheat, which had a positive effect not only on the yield and quality of spring wheat of the Yubileynaya 80 variety, but also on the external surface microstructure of the fruit shell of the grain. The noted features of the surface of the fruit shell of the grain will reduce losses during grain processing and obtain processed products from such grain of higher quality.

Asunto(s)

Plaguicidas , Selenio , Humanos , Selenio/farmacología , Triticum , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Grano Comestible

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different selenium compounds on the sperm quality of cryopreserved ram semen. Ejaculates from four rams, collected using an artificial vagina heated to 38 °C, were individually evaluated. The approved ejaculates were pooled and diluted (1:1 v:v) in Tris-egg yolk extender (20%, v/v) and separated into two control groups, one cooled for 2 h and the other for 4 h. The pooled ejaculates at the two cooling periods were supplemented with two doses (0.5 and 1 µg/mL) of organic selenium (ORG), and inorganic selenium (SeNa), each. The samples were packed in 0.25 ml straws, at a concentration of 400 × 106 sperms/mL and stored in liquid nitrogen. The straws were thawed in a water bath at 37 °C for 20 s, and the samples were subjected to sperm kinetics evaluation by Computer Assisted Semen Analysis software. Sperm membrane integrity, acrosome morphology, and mitochondrial potential were assessed. In addition, oxidative stress markers reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity) were also evaluated. No significant improvement was observed in the ram semen quality at the two cooling times. Supplementation of the freezing extender with 0.5 µg/mL ORG, subjected to 4 h cooling period, increased the sperm motility when compared with the control group at the same cooling time. In addition, the 0.5 µg/mL SeNa group, under the 2 h cooling period, showed an increase in sperm motility when compared to the control group at the same cooling period. Considering the importance of sperm motility as a fertility parameter, our study indicates that supplementation with ORG and SeNa can help improve the total motility of the cryopreserved ram semen.

Asunto(s)

Criopreservación , Selenio , Análisis de Semen , Preservación de Semen , Animales , Masculino , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Criopreservación/métodos , Ovinos , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Semen/efectos de los fármacos , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Congelación

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of organic selenium (Se) and vitamin E for sows from 1st and 2nd parity order, without adiabatic cooling on physiological parameters, reproductive performance, milk composition, litter performance and blood concentrations of antioxidant enzymes. A total of 96 sows were allotted in a 4 × 2 completely factorial design, with 4 experimental groups and 2 parity orders (1st and 2nd). The experimental groups consisted of: ACCon-sows receiving adiabatic cooling and no dietary supplementation of organic Se and vitamin E; WACCon-sows without adiabatic cooling and no dietary supplementation of organic Se and vitamin E; WACSe-sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se; WACSeE-sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se and 90 UI of vitamin E. ACCon Sows had lower respiratory rate, rectal temperature and body surface temperature when compared to the others sows (p < 0.05). Sows without evaporative cooling had lower daily milk production and weaned litters with lower weight and average daily gain when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). ACCon sows presented higher weaned piglets to WACSeE sows. WACSeE Sows had higher concentrations of GSH-Px when compared to other experimental groups and higher levels of SOD than sows from ACCon and WACSe. Piglets of sows from WACSeE group presented higher levels of GSH-Px and SOD when compared to the other experimental groups. ACCon sows have higher milk yield and higher litter weight than others groups. Under equatorial climate conditions, dietary supplementation of organic Se and vitamin E from first and second parity order sows does not respond efficiently on thermoregulatory physiology and performance compared to adiabatic cooling, but modulates the enzymatic antioxidant balance of sows and piglets.

Asunto(s)

Selenio , Embarazo , Animales , Porcinos , Femenino , Selenio/farmacología , Vitamina E , Antioxidantes , Paridad , Sus scrofa , Superóxido Dismutasa , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Lactancia/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria

RESUMEN

This study evaluated the effect of prepubertal arsenic exposure in the liver and kidney of pubescent rats and their reversibility 30 days after arsenic withdrawal. Male pups of Wistar rats (21 days old) were divided into two groups (n = 20/group): control animals received filtered water, and exposed rats received 10 mg L-1 arsenic from postnatal day (PND) 21 to PND 51. The liver and kidney of 52 days old rats (n = 10/group) were examined to investigate the effects of arsenic on micromineral content, antioxidant enzyme activity, histology, and biochemistry parameters. The other animals were kept alive under free arsenic conditions until 82 days old and further analyzed by the same parameters. Our results revealed that 52-day-old rats increased arsenic content in their liver and arsenic and manganese in their kidney. In those animals, glycogen and zinc content and catalase activity were reduced in the liver, and the selenium content decreased in the kidney. Thirty days later, arsenic reduced the manganese and iron content and SOD and CAT activity in the liver of 82-day-old rats previously exposed to arsenic, while glycogen and selenium content decreased in their kidney. In contrast, PND 82 rats exhibited higher retention of copper in the liver, an increase in iron and copper content, and CAT and GST activity in the kidney. Significant histological alterations of liver and kidney tissues were not observed in rats of both ages. We conclude that arsenic-induced toxicity could alter differently the oxidative status and balance of trace elements in pubertal and adult rats, demonstrating that the metalloid can cause effects in adulthood.

Asunto(s)

Arsénico , Selenio , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Arsénico/metabolismo , Cobre/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/metabolismo , Manganeso/farmacología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Hierro/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Glucógeno/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress that causes irreversible cellular damage. The incorporation of the antioxidant element selenium (Se) in the structure of pyridinium salts has been used as a strategy in chemical synthesis and can be useful in drug development. We investigated the antioxidant activity of Se-containing pyridinium salts (named Compounds 3A, 3B, and 3C) through in vitro tests. We focused our study on liver protein carbonylation, liver lipoperoxidation, free radical scavenging activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil [DPPH]; 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS]), and enzyme-mimetic activity assays (glutathione S-transferase [GST]-like; superoxide dismutase [SOD]-like). In addition, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-((phenylselanyl)methyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (3C) was selected to evaluate the acute oral toxicity in mice due to the best antioxidant profile. The three compounds were effective in reducing the levels of protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation in the liver in a µM concentration range. All compounds demonstrated scavenger activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and GST-like action. No significant effects were detected in the SOD-like assay. Experimental data also showed that the acute oral treatment of mice with Compound 3C (50 and 300 mg/kg) did not cause mortality or change markers of liver and kidney functions. In summary, our findings reveal the antioxidant potential of Se-containing pyridinium salts in liver tissue, which could be related to their radical scavenging ability and mimetic action on the GST enzyme. They also demonstrate a low toxicity potential for Compound 3C. Together, the promising results open space for future studies on the therapeutic application of these molecules.

Asunto(s)

Benzotiazoles , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Hepatopatías , Selenio , Ácidos Sulfónicos , Ratones , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacología , Sales (Química)/farmacología , Sales (Química)/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Penconazole is used in agriculture and human and veterinary medicine applications. It has been included in the acute toxicity hazard category by the WHO. This study examines the protective effect of selenium and vitamin C on the fertility of male rats given penconazole. METHODS: Nine groups of rats were given penconazole at concentrations of 50 and 75 mg/ml and selenium and vitamin C at concentrations of 0.5 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. Serum levels of LH and FSH were measured with ELISA kits; ß-actin, GPX4, AQP7, PRM2, and BAX gene expression was evaluated with real-time PCR performed on the left testis of each rat. RESULTS: LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were lower in the groups given penconazole (50 and 75 mg/kg). Histopathology showed that the groups given penconazole had the lowest number of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes; these numbers were greater in the groups receiving penconazole together with selenium or vitamin C; and the highest counts were observed in separate groups given Se and vitamin C. GPX4, AQP7, PRM2 and BAX gene expression in the groups receiving penconazole was different from controls and was modulated by treatment with selenium or vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that antioxidant compounds have a strengthening effect on the reproductive system and can mitigate the destructive effects of chemical fungicides.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Ascórbico , Selenio , Triazoles , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Selenio/farmacología , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/farmacología , Fertilidad , Hormona Folículo Estimulante

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Iodide is an essential micronutrient for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and its imbalance is involved in the origin of different thyroid pathological processes. Selenium (Se) is another essential trace element that contributes to thyroid preservation through the control of the redox homeostasis. Different studies have demonstrated that sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) is downregulated in the presence of iodide excess and Se supplementation reverses this effect. We also demonstrated that NOX4-derived ROS are involved in NIS repression induced by iodide excess. The aim of this study was to investigate how Se bioavailability is decisive in the sensitivity to iodide excess on a differentiated rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5). RESULTS: We demonstrated that siRNA-mediated silencing of Nox4 suppressed AKT phosphorylation induced by iodide excess. Iodide increases TGF-ß1 mRNA expression, AKT phosphorylation, ROS levels and decreases GPX1 and TXRND1 mRNAs expression while Se reversed these effects. Furthermore, iodide induced Nrf2 transcriptional activity only in Se-supplemented cultures, suggesting that Se positively influences Nrf2 activation and selenoenzyme response in FRTL-5. Se, also inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation induced by iodide excess. In addition, we found that iodide excess decreased total phosphatase activity and PTP1B and PTEN mRNA expression. Se supply restored only PTEN mRNA expression. Finally, we studied the 2-α-iodohexadecanal (2-IHD) effects since it has been proposed as intermediary of iodide action on thyroid autoregulation. 2-IHD stimulated PI3K/AKT activity and reduced NIS expression by a ROS-independent mechanism. Also, we found that 2-IHD increased TGF-ß1 mRNA and TGF-ß inhibitor (SB431542) reverses the 2-IHD inhibitory effect on NIS mRNA expression, suggesting that TGF-ß1 signaling pathway could be involved. Although Se reduced 2-IHD-induced TGFB1 levels, it could not reverse its inhibitory effect on NIS expression. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that Se bioavailability may improve the expression of antioxidant genes through the activation of Nrf2, interfere in PI3K/AKT signaling and NIS expression by redox modulation.

Asunto(s)

Selenio , Glándula Tiroides , Ratas , Animales , Glándula Tiroides/metabolismo , Yoduros/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Disponibilidad Biológica , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bancal) microgreens were cultivated in presence of selenium 20 µmol L-1 as sodium selenite and sodium selenate mixture. The influence of this biofortification process was evaluated in terms of biomass production, total Se, macro- and micronutrients concentration, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, chlorophylls and carotenoids levels and total soluble proteins content. The results obtained have shown a significant concentration of total Se in the biofortified microgreens of kale (133 µg Se·g-1 DW) and kohlrabi (127 µg Se·g-1 DW) higher than that obtained for wheat (28 µg Se·g-1 DW). The Se uptake in all the species did not produce oxidative damage to the plants reflected in the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity or pigments concentration. These Se-enriched microgreens may contribute to the recommended intake of this nutrient in human diet as to overcome Se-deficiency.

Asunto(s)

Brassica , Selenio , Humanos , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/metabolismo , Biofortificación/métodos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Brassica/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Nutrientes

RESUMEN

Selenium is an essential trace element in living organisms, and is present in selenoenzymes with antioxidant activity, like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The search for small selenium-containing molecules that mimic selenoenzymes is a strong field of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this review, we review the synthesis and bioassays of new and known organoselenium compounds with antioxidant activity, covering the last five years. A detailed description of the synthetic procedures and the performed in vitro and in vivo bioassays is presented, highlighting the most active compounds in each series.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos de Organoselenio , Selenio , Oligoelementos , Antioxidantes/química , Selenio/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/química , Reductasa de Tiorredoxina-Disulfuro/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding selenium-enriched yeast (SE) in the diet of dairy goats during 60 days of lactation and its effect on productive, thermoregulatory, and hormonal responses of animals managed in a semi-arid region. Sixteen Saanen × Toggenburg crossbred goats were used in a completely randomized design. Goats were weighed, and their milk yield was monitored weekly. Before the animals entered the treatments and at every 20-day milk producing, blood samples were collected to determine the SE levels. At 20, 40, and days of the lactation cycle, individual milk samples were collected to determine composition, casein, urea nitrogen, and selenium content. Measurements of respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), coat surface temperature (CST), and epidermal temperature (ET) were performed weekly during the experimental period in two shifts, one in the morning (9 am) and the other in the afternoon (3 pm). No difference (P > 0.05) was detected for body weight, milk yield, composition, selenium concentration, and urea nitrogen. Lower RR and ET (P < 0.05) were observed for animals that received SE supplementation. Thyroid hormone concentrations were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). The positive results of the SE supplementation were concentrated in thermoregulatory responses, and there was no effect on productive, hormonal responses, and plasmatic concentration of selenium in the milk. The SE supplementation for dairy goats managed in a Brazilian semi-arid region was able to promote reduction of RR and coat temperatures.

Asunto(s)

Selenio , Femenino , Animales , Selenio/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Brasil , Suplementos Dietéticos , Leche/química , Lactancia/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Urea , Cabras/fisiología , Nitrógeno

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Evaluate the therapeutic effect of a tomato lipidic extract (STE) in combination with selenium (Se) on rats with prostatic hyperplasia (PH) and to observe its possible mechanisms of action and synergism versus finasteride. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 54 male Wistar rats of nine weeks old were divided in Control (C), PH, Finasteride (F), STE, Se, F + STE, F + Se, STE + Se and F + STE + Se with testosterone enanthate (except C). After 4 weeks of treatment administration, prostate weight, bladder weight, diuresis, prooxidant and antioxidant activity, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androgen receptor (AR) expression and anatomopathological analysis were determined. RESULTS: STE + Se decreased prostate weight 53.8% versus 28% in F group, also STE + Se decreased significatively glandular hyperplasia, prooxidant activity, DHT and AR expression and increased diuresis and antioxidant activity versus finasteride which increased MDA in prostate. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a greater therapeutic and beneficial effect of tomato lipidic extract in combination with Se in young rats with PH with respect to finasteride without increase prooxidant activity.

Asunto(s)

Hiperplasia Prostática , Selenio , Solanum lycopersicum , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Andrógenos/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Dihidrotestosterona/metabolismo , Finasterida/farmacología , Finasterida/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperplasia Prostática/patología , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/uso terapéutico , Testosterona/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

The understanding that zidovudine (ZDV or azidothymidine, AZT) inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 and that chalcogen atoms can increase the bioactivity and reduce the toxicity of AZT has directed our search for the discovery of novel potential anti-coronavirus compounds. Here, the antiviral activity of selenium and tellurium containing AZT derivatives in human type II pneumocytes cell model (Calu-3) and monkey kidney cells (Vero E6) infected with SARS-CoV-2, and their toxic effects on these cells, was evaluated. Cell viability analysis revealed that organoselenium (R3a-R3e) showed lower cytotoxicity than organotellurium (R3f, R3n-R3q), with CC50 ≥ 100 µM. The R3b and R3e were particularly noteworthy for inhibiting viral replication in both cell models and showed better selectivity index. In Vero E6, the EC50 values for R3b and R3e were 2.97 ± 0.62 µM and 1.99 ± 0.42 µM, respectively, while in Calu-3, concentrations of 3.82 ± 1.42 µM and 1.92 ± 0.43 µM (24 h treatment) and 1.33 ± 0.35 µM and 2.31 ± 0.54 µM (48 h) were observed, respectively. The molecular docking calculations were carried out to main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), and RdRp following non-competitive, competitive, and allosteric inhibitory approaches. The in silico results suggested that the organoselenium is a potential non-competitive inhibitor of RdRp, interacting in the allosteric cavity located in the palm region. Overall, the cell-based results indicated that the chalcogen-zidovudine derivatives were more potent than AZT in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and that the compounds R3b and R3e play an important inhibitory role, expanding the knowledge about the promising therapeutic capacity of organoselenium against COVID-19.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Selenio , Humanos , Antivirales/farmacología , Zidovudina , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , SARS-CoV-2 , Papaína , Péptido Hidrolasas , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN , Selenio/farmacología

RESUMEN

Melasma is an acquired chronic condition characterized by hyperchromic patches in photo-exposed areas. The search for new compounds for the treatment of melasma without side effects is constant. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic and antimelanogenic effects of the trace elements Zinc (Zn) and Selenium (Se). In this study, we evaluated the effects of 30 µM hydroquinone, this concentration did not alter mitochondrial function (MTT assay), but increased the percentage of necrotic cells and levels of reactive species. Furthermore, it showed no influence on tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Unlike hydroquinone, exposure for 48 h to 100 µM Zn and 1 and 5 µM Se had no significant influence on the analysis of reactive species, as well as on the percentage of necrotic cells. Still, specifically in relation to 100 µM Zn, it decreased the melanin content. Given the above, the trace elements Zn and Se did not show toxicity at the concentrations tested and Zn showed a promising effect, however, the mechanism needs to be better explored in order to contribute to new and updated research in the fight against melasma with a perspective of therapeutic use.

Asunto(s)

Melanosis , Selenio , Oligoelementos , Humanos , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/análisis , Zinc/análisis , Zinc/farmacología , Oligoelementos/análisis , Hidroquinonas/análisis , Melaninas , Melanosis/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In recent years, crop production has expanded due to the variety of commercially available species. This increase in production has led to global competition and the search for biostimulant products that improve crop quality and yield. At the same time, agricultural products that protect against diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms are needed. Thus, the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is a proposal for achieving these needs. In this research, SeNPs were synthesized from methanolic extract of Amphipterygium glaucum leaves, and chemically and biologically characterized. RESULTS: The characterization of SeNPs was conducted by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron microscopy transmission (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) techniques. SeNPs with an average size of 40-60 nm and spherical and needle-shaped morphologies were obtained. The antibacterial activity of SeNPs against Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Alcaligenes faecalis was evaluated. The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of A. glaucum and SeNPs presented a high antioxidant activity. The biostimulant effect of SeNPs (10, 20, 50, and 100 µM) was evaluated in vinca (Catharanthus roseus), and calendula (Calendula officinalis) plants under greenhouse conditions, and they improved growth parameters such as the height, the fresh and dry weight of roots, stems, and leaves; and the number of flowers of vinca and calendula. CONCLUSIONS: The antibacterial, antioxidant, and biostimulant properties of SeNPs synthesized from A. glaucum extract demonstrated in this study support their use as a promising tool in crop production.

Asunto(s)

Nanopartículas , Selenio , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/química , Nanopartículas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología

RESUMEN

At the present time one of the tasks of modern agricultural industry consists in obtaining the ecologically safe and clean products. Contamination of soils with heavy metals due to an anthropogenic impact drives up their content in the composition of plant products. This shapes not only a reduction in crop yields, but also a deterioration in products quality. Within the terms of vegetation research in soil culture, there has been studied the protective and stimulating effect of sodium selenite upon the adaptive capacity of spring wheat plants of the variety Zlata under conditions of oxidative stress due to the soil contamination with cadmium. There has been studied the effect of different methods of sodium selenite application on the yield of spring wheat and the plants photosynthetic activity, depending on the level of soil contamination with cadmium. The object of research was a spring wheat variety Zlata. Plants have been cultivated in a greenhouse trial under soil culture conditions in Mitscherlich-vessels with a capacity of 6 kg of soil. Sod-podzolic soil has been used for research. Sodium selenite was introduced in three ways: pre-sowing seed treatment, foliar treatment of vegetative plants at the beginning of stage VI of organogenesis - the end of the tillering phase - the beginning of the stem-extension phase and the application of a salt solution into the soil when packing the vessels. The control samples represented variants without sodium selenite. To assess the plants photosynthetic productivity, there has been determined the chlorophyll content in plant leaves. The research results made it possible to determine the protective effect of sodium selenite on the adaptive capacity of plants under conditions of oxidative stress due to the soil contamination with cadmium. The increase in the adaptive capacity of plants manifested itself through the decrease in yield diminishing due to the improvement of conditions for fertile florets and ear initiations on the vegetative apex, as well as the development of flowers into grains, which contributed to increase in the grain content of the spike. The stimulating effect of selenium on the intensity of photosynthetic processes has been revealed, which showed not only the increase of chlorophylls content, but also the ratio changes of chlorophylls a and b.

Asunto(s)

Selenio , Contaminantes del Suelo , Suelo , Selenio/farmacología , Cadmio/toxicidad , Selenito de Sodio , Agricultura , Clorofila , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic selenium (SE) supplementation on blood constituents related to hematology and serum biochemistry of dairy goats in the productive phase. A total of 16 lactating Saanen × Toggenburg crossbred goats, aged between 2 and 3, lactating, nonpregnant, clinically healthy, and having a body weight (BW) of 40.75 ± 8.31 kg were selected for this study. Higher SE concentrations were observed on the 42nd day of supplementation, and on the 63rd day, the SE concentrations were similar ([Formula: see text]) to the 21st and 42nd days. There was no interaction for plasma constituents comparing treatment effects and days of supplementation ([Formula: see text]). SE supplementation reduced ([Formula: see text]) plasma proteins with a gradual increase in available SE. There was no difference ([Formula: see text]) for the blood count comparing the effects of treatment and days of supplementation. There was no interaction ([Formula: see text]) for serum biochemical constituents between treatments and periods, except for urea ([Formula: see text]). Animals that received SE supplementation had similar plasma urea concentrations before and after supplementation, while animals that did not receive SE in the diet had increased serum urea concentrations. The main action of selenium in metabolism occurred in the reduction of plasma proteins and urea levels, which leads us to conclude that it influenced protein metabolism. Finally, hematology, liver function, and energy metabolism are not affected by selenium supplementation in dairy goats reared in semiarid conditions.

Asunto(s)

Selenio , Femenino , Animales , Selenio/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Lactancia , Metaboloma , Cabras , Urea