RESUMEN
Methyl salicylate is an important inter- and intra-plant signaling molecule, but is deemed undesirable by humans when it accumulates to high levels in ripe fruits. Balancing the tradeoff between consumer satisfaction and overall plant health is challenging as the mechanisms regulating volatile levels have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of methyl salicylate in ripe fruits of tomatoes that belong to the red-fruited clade. We determine the genetic diversity and the interaction of four known loci controlling methyl salicylate levels in ripe fruits. In addition to Non-Smoky Glucosyl Transferase 1 (NSGT1), we uncovered extensive genome structural variation (SV) at the Methylesterase (MES) locus. This locus contains four tandemly duplicated Methylesterase genes and genome sequence investigations at the locus identified nine distinct haplotypes. Based on gene expression and results from biparental crosses, functional and non-functional haplotypes for MES were identified. The combination of the non-functional MES haplotype 2 and the non-functional NSGT1 haplotype IV or V in a GWAS panel showed high methyl salicylate levels in ripe fruits, particularly in accessions from Ecuador, demonstrating a strong interaction between these two loci and suggesting an ecological advantage. The genetic variation at the other two known loci, Salicylic Acid Methyl Transferase 1 (SAMT1) and tomato UDP Glycosyl Transferase 5 (SlUGT5), did not explain volatile variation in the red-fruited tomato germplasm, suggesting a minor role in methyl salicylate production in red-fruited tomato. Lastly, we found that most heirloom and modern tomato accessions carried a functional MES and a non-functional NSGT1 haplotype, ensuring acceptable levels of methyl salicylate in fruits. Yet, future selection of the functional NSGT1 allele could potentially improve flavor in the modern germplasm.
Asunto(s)
Solanum lycopersicum , Humanos , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Salicilatos/análisis , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/metabolismo , Glicosiltransferasas , Ecuador , Frutas/genéticaRESUMEN
MAIN CONCLUSION: Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing CrSAMT from Citrus reticulata increased production of MeSA, which works as an airborne signal in neighboring wild-type plants, inducing PR1 and increasing resistance to the pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Xylella fastidiosa is one of the major threats to plant health worldwide, affecting yield in many crops. Despite many efforts, the development of highly productive resistant varieties has been challenging. In studying host plant resistance, the S-adenosyl-L-methionine: salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase gene (SAMT) from Citrus reticulata, a X. fastidiosa resistant species, was upregulated in response to pathogen infection. SAMT is involved with the catalysis and production of methyl salicylate (MeSA), an airborne signal responsible for triggering systemic acquired resistance. Here we used tobacco as a model system and generated transgenic plants overexpressing C. reticulata SAMT (CrSAMT). We performed an in silico structural characterization of CrSAMT and investigated its biotechnological potential in modulating the immune system in transgenic plants. The increase of MeSA production in transgenic lines was confirmed by gas chromatography (GC-MS). The transgenic lines showed upregulation of PR1, and their incubation with neighboring wild-type plants activated PR1 expression, indicating that MeSA worked as an airborne signal. In addition, transgenic plants showed significantly fewer symptoms when challenged with X. fastidiosa. Altogether, these data suggest that CrSAMT plays a role in host defense response and can be used in biotechnology approaches to confer resistance against X. fastidiosa.
Asunto(s)
Citrus , Expresión Génica , Metiltransferasas , Salicilatos , Xylella , Citrus/genética , Citrus/microbiología , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Salicilatos/química , Nicotiana/genética , Volatilización , Xylella/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Transdermal patches for analgesic purposes are widely used, however, their occlusive characteristics can often cause allergic reactions, irritating contact dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis upon extended use. Chitosan is a natural positively charged bioadhesive polysaccharide with several biological properties, being promising templates for sustained and controlled topical or transdermal drug delivery. Methyl salicylate (MS) is a non-steroidal topical anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). MS is a lipophilic oily drug commonly found in transdermal patches, being difficult to incorporate into hydrophilic formulations such as Chitosan-based films. Thus, MS is a good candidate to be encapsulated into nanoemulsions (NE). This work reports the formulation development, physical-chemical characterization, and in vitro drug release of NE-loaded Chitosan films formulated with MS, as a novel substitute for transdermal analgesic patches. MS was encapsulated into NE, which were prepared by ultrasonication and presented 29.3 nm ± 0.1 and PdI 0.167 ± 0.005. The incorporation of MS into NE prevented phase separation and provided a homogeneous physical blending formulation, as confirmed by FTIR, TGA. NE-loaded films provided high drug incorporation in the films 94.08% ± 6.63%), and a smaller crystallinity degree in comparison with physical mixture films, suggesting a plasticizing effect of nano-sized droplets. Besides, mean weight, thickness, and moisture content were increased in NE-loaded films in comparison with chitosan-based control films. In vitro drug release from NE-loaded films was significantly higher than for physical mixture films, following Weibull and Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics models. The results suggest that NE-loaded chitosan film can increase the drug loading capacity of oil drugs and successfully control in vitro release, constituting a novel approach for transdermal drug delivery of NSAIDs.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano/química , Membranas Artificiales , Salicilatos , Parche Transdérmico , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/química , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/farmacocinética , Emulsiones , Humanos , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis of five silver carboxylate complexes with anti-inflammatory ligands were studied in order to analyze and compare them in terms of stability (in solution and after exposure to UV light), and their antibacterial and morphological differences. Four effects of the Ag-complexes were evidenced by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM): DNA condensation, membrane disruption, shedding of cytoplasmic material and silver compound microcrystal penetration of bacteria. 5-Chlorosalicylic acid (5Cl) and sodium 4-aminosalicylate (4A) were the most effective ligands for synthesizing silver complexes with high levels of antibacterial activity. However, Ag-5Cl was the most stable against exposure UV light (365 nm). Cytotoxic effects were tested against two kinds of eukaryotic cells: murine fibroblast cells (T10 1/2) and human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (A2780). The main objective was to identify changes in their antibacterial properties associated with potential decomposition and the implications for clinical applications.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Plata/química , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Aminosalicílicos/química , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Salicilatos/químicaRESUMEN
This study investigated the bond strength of two experimental root canal sealers based on MTA and butyl ethylene glycol disalicylate: MTAe and MTAe-HA. The reference materials used for comparison were AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Twenty human upper incisors were selected and one 1 mm slice was obtained from the cervical third of each root. On the coronal surface of each slice, four 0.9 mm wide holes were drilled through the dentine. Standardized irrigation was performed and holes were filled with one of the four tested sealers: AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, MTAe, and MTAe-HA. The filled slices were stored in a PBS solution (pH 7.2) for 7 days at 37 °C. A push-out assessment was performed with a 0.7 mm plunger tip. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until sealer displacement. The results were expressed in MPa. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to assess the effect of each sealer on the push-out bond strength. Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction was used to isolate the differences. The alpha-type error was set at 0.05. Significant differences among medians values obtained by materials were observed (p<0.001). AH Plus displayed the highest value of bond strength (p<0.001). In contrast, MTA Fillapex presented the lowest bond strength among all tested sealers (p<0.001). Experimental sealers showed intermediary bond strength values, with no statistical differences between them (p>0.05). In conclusion, experimental root canal sealers presented suitable bond strength outcomes when compared to MTA Fillapex.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Glicol de Etileno/química , Glicoles de Etileno/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Salicilatos/química , Silicatos/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Combinación de Medicamentos , HumanosRESUMEN
Salicytamide is a new drug developed through molecular modelling and rational drug design by the molecular association of paracetamol and salicylic acid. This study was conducted to assess the acute oral toxicity, antinociceptive, and antioedematogenic properties of salicytamide. Acute toxicity was based on the OECD 423 guidelines. Antinociceptive properties were investigated using the writhing, hot plate and formalin tests in Swiss mice. Antioedematogenic properties were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model and croton oil-induced dermatitis in Wistar rats. Salicytamide did not promote behavioural changes or animal deaths during acute oral toxicity evaluation. Furthermore, salicytamide exhibited peripheral antinociceptive activity as evidenced by the reduction in writhing behaviour (ED50 = 4.95 mg/kg) and licking time in the formalin test's inflammatory phase. Also, salicytamide elicited central antinociceptive activity on both hot plate test and formalin test's neurogenic phase. Additionally, salicytamide was effective in reducing carrageenan or croton oil-induced oedema formation. Overall, we have shown that salicytamide, proposed here as a new NSAID candidate, did not induce oral acute toxicity and elicited both peripheral antinociceptive effects (about 10-25 times more potent than its precursors in the writhing test) and antioedematogenic properties. Salicytamide also presented central antinociceptive activity, which seems to be mediated through opioid-independent mechanisms. These findings reveal salicytamide as a promising antinociceptive/antioedematogenic drug candidate.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/síntesis química , Diseño de Fármacos , Acetaminofén/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas Wistar , Salicilatos/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract This study investigated the bond strength of two experimental root canal sealers based on MTA and butyl ethylene glycol disalicylate: MTAe and MTAe-HA. The reference materials used for comparison were AH Plus and MTA Fillapex. Twenty human upper incisors were selected and one 1 mm slice was obtained from the cervical third of each root. On the coronal surface of each slice, four 0.9 mm wide holes were drilled through the dentine. Standardized irrigation was performed and holes were filled with one of the four tested sealers: AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, MTAe, and MTAe-HA. The filled slices were stored in a PBS solution (pH 7.2) for 7 days at 37 °C. A push-out assessment was performed with a 0.7 mm plunger tip. Load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until sealer displacement. The results were expressed in MPa. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to assess the effect of each sealer on the push-out bond strength. Mann-Whitney with Bonferroni correction was used to isolate the differences. The alpha-type error was set at 0.05. Significant differences among medians values obtained by materials were observed (p<0.001). AH Plus displayed the highest value of bond strength (p<0.001). In contrast, MTA Fillapex presented the lowest bond strength among all tested sealers (p<0.001). Experimental sealers showed intermediary bond strength values, with no statistical differences between them (p>0.05). In conclusion, experimental root canal sealers presented suitable bond strength outcomes when compared to MTA Fillapex.
Resumo Esse estudo investigou a resistência de união de dois cimentos endodônticos experimentais à base de MTA e butiletilenoglicol dissalicilato: MTAe e MTAe. Os materiais de referência utilizados para comparação foram os cimentos endodônticos MTA Fillapex e AH Plus. Vinte incisivos superiores humanos foram selecionados e um slice dentinário de 1 mm de espessura foi obtido do terço cervical de cada raiz. Na superfície coronária de cada slice, quatro orifícios com 0,9 mm de diâmetro foram confeccionados através da dentina. Uma irrigação padronizada foi realizada e os orifícios foram preenchidos com um dos quatro cimentos endodônticos avaliados: AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, MTAe, e MTAe-HA. Os slices preenchidos foram armazenados em solução PBS (pH 7,2) durante 7 dias a 37°C. O ensaio de push-out foi realizado por meio de um dispositivo com 0,7 mm de diâmetro. A carga foi aplicada com a velocidade de 0,5 mm/min até a obtenção de deslocamento do material obturador. Os resultados foram expressos em MPa. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi aplicado para avaliar o efeito da resistência de união de cada cimento endodôntico. O teste de Mann-Whitney com correção de Bonferroni foi utilizado para isolamento das diferenças. O erro do tipo-alfa foi fixado em 0,05. Diferenças significantes entre os valores de medianas obtidos pelos materiais foram observados (p<0,001). O AH Plus demonstrou os maiores valores de resistência de união (p<0,001). Em contraste, o MTA Fillapex apresentou a menor resistência de união entre todos os cimentos testados (p<0,001). Os cimentos experimentais demonstraram valores intermediários, com ausência de diferenças estatísticas entre si (p>0,05). Em conclusão, os cimentos endodônticos experimentais à base de MTA e butiletilenoglicol dissalicilato apresentaram resultados adequados de resistência de união quando comparados ao MTA Fillapex.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Óxidos/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Glicol de Etileno/química , Glicoles de Etileno/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Salicilatos/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Silicatos/química , Combinación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
Benzoyltryptamine analogues act as neuroprotective and spasmolytic agents on smooth muscles. In this study, we investigated the ability of N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP) to produce vasorelaxation and determined its underlying mechanisms of action. Isolated rat mesenteric arteries with and without functional endothelium were studied in an isometric contraction system in the presence or absence of pharmacological inhibitors. Amperometric experiments were used to measure the nitric oxide (NO) levels in CD31+ cells using flow cytometry. GH3 cells were used to measure Ca2+ currents using the whole cell patch clamp technique. STP caused endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in mesenteric rings. The endothelial-dependent relaxations in response to STP were markedly reduced by L-NAME (endothelial NO synthase-eNOS-inhibitor), jHydroxocobalamin (NO scavenger, 30 µM) and ODQ (soluble Guanylyl Cyclase-sGC-inhibitor, 10 µM), but were not affected by the inhibition of the formation of vasoactive prostanoids. These results were reinforced by the increased NO levels observed in the amperometric experiments with freshly dispersed CD31+ cells. The endothelium-independent effect appeared to involve the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, due to the inhibition of the concentration-response Ca2+ curves in depolarizing solution, the increased relaxation in rings that were pre-incubated with high extracellular KCl (80 mM), and the inhibition of macroscopic Ca2+ currents. The present findings show that the activation of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway and the inhibition of gated-voltage Ca2+ channels are the mechanisms underlying the effect of STP on mesenteric arteries.
Asunto(s)
Señalización del Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Arterias Mesentéricas/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Salicilatos/farmacología , Guanilil Ciclasa Soluble/metabolismo , Triptaminas/farmacología , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Salicilatos/química , Triptaminas/químicaRESUMEN
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used medications in inflammatory illnesses. However, the gastrointestinal bleeding and toxicity associated with NSAIDs long term use prompted the quest towards investigations for new anti-inflammatory agents. Natural and natural-derived molecules proved its anti-inflammatory efficacy in vitro as well as in vivo. Given this background, the scope of this research involves structural changes of the natural polyphenol (tyrosol) generating two new salicylate derivatives and testing their biological properties, focusing on anti-inflammatory effects assessed in vitro and in vivo assays. The first molecular modification was the introduction of a carboxylic acid group adjacent to the phenol group present in this compound, which creates a new salicylate-like tyrosol. In addition, the acetylation of phenol group in this molecule produced an acetylsalicylate derivative, which may be regarded as aspirin-like natural polyphenol. Interestingly, tyrosol and its novel derivatives attenuated the edema in acute inflammatory response on carrageenan- induced local inflammation in mice. In addition, our results demonstrated that tyrosol and its novel derivatives were able to reduce the chemotaxis of neutrophil assessed in vitro model by chemo attractant (fMLP). Furthermore, only derivative 2 was able to reduce this effect in the acute inflammatory model. In (DPPH)- scavenging activity, tyrosol derivatives demonstrated a minor antioxidant activity, which may suggest that radical scavenging is not a major pathway involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of these derivatives. Salicylate-like tyrosol derivatives are of particular interest for future studies.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Salicilatos/síntesis química , Salicilatos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/síntesis química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Carragenina , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Estructura Molecular , Alcohol Feniletílico/síntesis química , Alcohol Feniletílico/química , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacología , Salicilatos/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The aim was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the AH Plus and Sealapex associated with amoxicillin (AA) in a quantity of 10% by total weight of the sealers, the flow and setting time of these sealers with 10%-0.25% AA and antibiofilm activity of these sealers associated with AA in a concentration that does not alter their physical properties (1%). Cytocompatibility was assessed by MTT, neutral red and cytoskeletal fluorescence assays. Setting time and flow was evaluated using the specifications of ISO 6876/2012. For the antibiofilm evaluation, materials were placed in direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm induced on dentin blocks. The incorporation of AA into the sealers did not diminish the viability of the fibroblasts and did not cause structural changes in the cytoskeletal. The flow of AH Plus + AA at 1.0; 0.5 and 0.25%, and of Sealapex + AA at 5.5; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5 and 0.25% were within the specifications of the ISO 6876. AH Plus, and AH Plus + AA at 1.0; 0.50 and 0.25% presented a setting time of 730, 439, 455, and 474 min., respectively. Sealapex - pure or associated with AA did not set completely. The addition of 1% AA to the sealers did not increase their antibiofilm activity. It was concluded that the incorporation of 10% AA caused no toxic effects on fibroblasts, but harmed the physical properties. The addition of AA in concentration that does not affect the physical properties of the sealers did not increase their antibiofilm activity.
Asunto(s)
Amoxicilina , Antibacterianos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Amoxicilina/química , Amoxicilina/farmacología , Amoxicilina/toxicidad , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citoesqueleto/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Microscopía Fluorescente , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/toxicidad , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Searching for prospective vanadium-based drugs for cancer treatment, a new series of structurally related [VIVO(L-2H)(NN)] compounds (1-8) was developed. They include a double deprotonated salicylaldimine Schiff base ligand (L-2H) and different NN-polypyridyl co-ligands having DNA intercalating capacity. Compounds were characterized in solid state and in solution. EPR spectroscopy suggests that the NN ligands act as bidentate and bind through both nitrogen donor atoms in an axial-equatorial mode. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in human tumoral cells (ovarian A2780, breast MCF7, prostate PC3). The cytotoxic activity was dependent on type of cell and incubation time. At 24h PC3 cells presented low sensitivity, but at 72h all complexes showed high cytotoxic activity in all cells. Human kidney HEK293 and ovarian cisplatin resistant A2780cisR cells were also included to evaluate selectivity towards cancer cells and potency to overcome cisplatin resistance, respectively. Most complexes showed no detectable interaction with plasmid DNA, except 2 and 7 which depicted low ability to induce single strand breaks in supercoiled DNA. Based on the overall cytotoxic profile, complexes with 2,2´-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands (1 and 2) were selected for further studies, which consisted on cellular distribution and ultrastructural analyses. In the A2780 cells both depicted different distribution profiles; the former accumulates mostly at the membrane and the latter in the cytoskeleton. Morphology of treated cells showed nuclear atypia and membrane alterations, more severe for 1. Complexes induce different cell death pathways, predominantly necrosis for 1 and apoptosis for 2. Complexes alternative mode of cell death motivates the possibility for further developments.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Membrana Celular , Citotoxinas , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias , Salicilatos , Vanadatos , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Cisplatino/farmacología , Citotoxinas/síntesis química , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacocinética , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/ultraestructura , Salicilatos/síntesis química , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/farmacocinética , Salicilatos/farmacología , Bases de Schiff/síntesis química , Bases de Schiff/química , Bases de Schiff/farmacocinética , Bases de Schiff/farmacología , Vanadatos/síntesis química , Vanadatos/química , Vanadatos/farmacocinética , Vanadatos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Obturation of the root canal system aims to fill empty spaces, promoting hermetic sealing and preventing bacterial activity in periapical tissues. This should provide optimal conditions for repair, stimulating the process of biomineralization. An endodontic sealer should be biocompatible once it is in direct contact with periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rat subcutaneous tissue response to implanted polyethylene tubes filled with Smartpaste Bio, Acroseal, and Sealapex and investigate mineralization ability of these endodontic sealers. Forty Wistar rats were assigned to the three sealers groups and control group, (n = 10 animals/group) and received subcutaneous implants containing the test sealers, and the control group were implanted with empty tubes. After days 7, 15, 30, and 60, animals were euthanized and polyethylene tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the fibrous capsule were histologically evaluated. Mineralization was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and polarized light. Data were tabulated and analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. All tested materials induced a moderate inflammatory reaction in the initial periods. Smartpaste Bio induced the mildest inflammatory reactions after day 15. No difference was observed among groups after days 30 or 60. Von Kossa-positive staining and birefringent structures observed under polarized light revealed a larger mineralization area in Sealapex-treated animals followed by Smartpaste Bio-treated animals. At the end of the experiment, all tested sealers were found to be biocompatible. All sealers induced biomineralization, except Acroseal, which induced a mild tissue reaction.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Cerámica/farmacología , Resinas Epoxi/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Cerámica/química , Resinas Epoxi/química , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ensayo de Materiales , Ratas Wistar , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/farmacología , Tejido Subcutáneo/patología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of drying protocols (DP) on the apical sealing (AS) and on the bond strength (BS) of teeth filled with different sealers. The root canals of one hundred and fifty-six roots of maxillary canines were prepared with Reciproc rotary files (R50). The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 39), according to the DP: GI-paper points; GII-70% isopropyl alcohol + aspiration with NaviTip points; GIII-95% ethanol + paper points; GIV-EndoVac + paper points. Each group was divided into subgroups, according to the sealer used: AH Plus, Sealapex and MTA Fillapex, using a single-cone technique. Evaluation of AS and BS was performed with fluid filtration (FF) and push-out (PO) methods, respectively. The PO test consisted of sectioning the roots, and subjecting a single slice from each third to testing and analysis for failure type. The data was submitted to two-way and three-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey (α = 5%). The AS showed no drying protocol influence. The FF results revealed a statistically significant difference between MTA and Sealapex (p < 0.05) sealers. The BS test values showed that there was no statistical significant difference among the canal thirds (p > 0.05), but that there was such a difference among the sealers (p < 0.05), among the protocols (p < 0.05), and in the interaction between sealers and protocols (p < 0.05). AH Plus revealed the highest BS values among the sealers; the highest BS results for the sealers occurred with the specimens used with isopropyl alcohol, compared with ethanol and EndoVac.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Salicilatos/química , Silicatos/química , Adhesividad , Análisis de Varianza , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The volume of sealer in the apical 1 mm of teeth filled using different techniques was evaluated by micro-commuted tomography (micro-CT). Sixty-four maxillary central incisors were prepared using NiTi rotary instruments. Teeth were randomly distributed into four groups according to root canal sealers (AH Plus, Endofill, Sealapex, and Sealer 26) and subdivided into two subgroups according to the filling techniques (active and passive lateral condensation; n = 8 each). Subsequently, teeth were examined using the 1174 SkyScan micro-CT device. Images were reconstructed using the NRecon software, and the sealer volume (mm3) in the apical region was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test (α = 0.05). The lowest volume of sealer was observed in teeth filled with Sealapex (0.100 ± 0.009) and Endofill (0.103 ± 0.010). The highest volume was observed in teeth filled with AH Plus (0.112 ± 0.008) and Sealer 26 (0.109 ± 0.018) (p > 0.05). Regarding the filling technique, a lower sealer volume was observed using the active lateral condensation technique compared with that using the passive lateral condensation technique (0.100 ± 0.010 vs. 0.111 ± 0.012) (p < 0.05). Therefore, the lowest volume of sealer was observed in teeth filled with Sealapex and Endofill using the active lateral condensation technique.
Asunto(s)
Bismuto/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Resinas Epoxi/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Salicilatos/química , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Gutapercha/química , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Ensayo de Materiales , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Enterococcus faecalis are gram positive bacteria that can mostly resist endodontic therapy, inducing persistent infection in the root canal system. Endodontic sealers with antimicrobial activity may help eliminate residual microorganisms that survive endodontic treatment. The present study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of Acroseal, Sealapex and AH Plus endodontic sealers in an in vitro biofilm model. Bovine dentin specimens (144) were prepared, and twelve blocks for each sealer and each experimental time point (2, 7 and 14 days) were placed and left in contact with plates containing inoculum of E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), to induce biofilm formation. After 14 days, the samples were transferred to another plate with test sealers and kept at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 2, 7 and 14 days. The specimens without sealers were used as a control for each period. The samples were agitated in a sonicator after each experiment. The suspensions were agitated in a vortex mixer, serially diluted in saline, and triple plated onto m-Enterococcus agar. Colonyforming units were counted, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis one-way tests (p < 0.05) to determine antimicrobial potential. Sealapex showed significant differences at all the experimental time points, in comparison with all the other groups. AH Plus and Acroseal showed antimicrobial activity only on the 14th experimental day. Neither of the sealers tested were able to completely eliminate the biofilm. Sealapex showed the highest antimicrobial activity in all the experimental periods. The antimicrobial activity of all the sealers analyzed increased over time.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Epoxi/farmacología , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Salicilatos/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Bovinos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Resinas Epoxi/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Salicilatos/química , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to evaluate the solubility of a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate sealer (MTA-Fillapex) compared with five other sealers, calcium hydroxide (Sealapex), resin (Realseal), zinc oxide-eugenol (Tubli-Seal), and two epoxy resins (AH-26 and AH-Plus), in chloroform and eucalyptoil in static and ultrasonic environments. Samples of each sealer were prepared (n = 180) and then divided into 12 groups that were immersed in solvents for 5 and 10 min in static and ultrasonic environments. The mean weight loss was determined, and the values were compared using Student's t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (p < 0.05). In chloroform, MTA-Fillapex, AH-26, and Sealapex displayed moderate solubility with no significant difference in dissolution (p = 0.125); however, their dissolution was significantly lower than that of AH-Plus (p < 0.001), which was almost fully dissolved after 10 minutes. Realseal was significantly less soluble than all sealers (p < 0.001). In eucalyptoil, MTA-Fillapex showed low solubility, as all of the sealers did, but Tubli-Seal was significantly more soluble than other sealers (p < 0.001). Using ultrasonic activation resulted in a significantly higher dissolution rate in chloroform for all sealers except MTA-Fillapex after 10 min (p = 0.226). In eucalyptoil, ultrasonic activation significantly increased the dissolution rate of all sealers except MTA-Fillapex after 5 and 10 min, Sealapex at 10 min, and AH-Plus at 5 min (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MTA-Fillapex was not sufficiently dissolved in either solvent. Ultrasonic activation had limited effectiveness on MTA-Fillapex dissolution, whereas it significantly increased the efficiency of solvents in dissolving a number of endodontic sealers.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Cloroformo/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Monoterpenos/química , Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Silicatos/química , Solventes/química , Análisis de Varianza , Bismuto/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Eucaliptol , Inmersión , Ensayo de Materiales , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Salicilatos/química , Plata/química , Solubilidad , Factores de Tiempo , Titanio/química , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of drying protocols (DP) on the apical sealing (AS) and on the bond strength (BS) of teeth filled with different sealers. The root canals of one hundred and fifty-six roots of maxillary canines were prepared with Reciproc rotary files (R50). The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 39), according to the DP: GI-paper points; GII-70% isopropyl alcohol + aspiration with NaviTip points; GIII-95% ethanol + paper points; GIV-EndoVac + paper points. Each group was divided into subgroups, according to the sealer used: AH Plus, Sealapex and MTA Fillapex, using a single-cone technique. Evaluation of AS and BS was performed with fluid filtration (FF) and push-out (PO) methods, respectively. The PO test consisted of sectioning the roots, and subjecting a single slice from each third to testing and analysis for failure type. The data was submitted to two-way and three-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey (α = 5%). The AS showed no drying protocol influence. The FF results revealed a statistically significant difference between MTA and Sealapex (p < 0.05) sealers. The BS test values showed that there was no statistical significant difference among the canal thirds (p > 0.05), but that there was such a difference among the sealers (p < 0.05), among the protocols (p < 0.05), and in the interaction between sealers and protocols (p < 0.05). AH Plus revealed the highest BS values among the sealers; the highest BS results for the sealers occurred with the specimens used with isopropyl alcohol, compared with ethanol and EndoVac.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Salicilatos/química , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Resinas Epoxi/química , Factores de Tiempo , Ensayo de Materiales , Distribución Aleatoria , Adhesividad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Combinación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
Abstract The volume of sealer in the apical 1 mm of teeth filled using different techniques was evaluated by micro-commuted tomography (micro-CT). Sixty-four maxillary central incisors were prepared using NiTi rotary instruments. Teeth were randomly distributed into four groups according to root canal sealers (AH Plus, Endofill, Sealapex, and Sealer 26) and subdivided into two subgroups according to the filling techniques (active and passive lateral condensation; n = 8 each). Subsequently, teeth were examined using the 1174 SkyScan micro-CT device. Images were reconstructed using the NRecon software, and the sealer volume (mm3) in the apical region was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test (α = ٠.٠٥). The lowest volume of sealer was observed in teeth filled with Sealapex (0.100 ± 0.009) and Endofill (0.103 ± 0.010). The highest volume was observed in teeth filled with AH Plus (0.112 ± 0.008) and Sealer 26 (0.109 ± 0.018) (p > 0.05). Regarding the filling technique, a lower sealer volume was observed using the active lateral condensation technique compared with that using the passive lateral condensation technique (0.100 ± 0.010 vs. 0.111 ± 0.012) (p < 0.05). Therefore, the lowest volume of sealer was observed in teeth filled with Sealapex and Endofill using the active lateral condensation technique.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Bismuto/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Salicilatos/química , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Microtomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Ensayo de Materiales , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Imagenología Tridimensional , Gutapercha/químicaRESUMEN
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the solubility of a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate sealer (MTA-Fillapex) compared with five other sealers, calcium hydroxide (Sealapex), resin (Realseal), zinc oxide-eugenol (Tubli-Seal), and two epoxy resins (AH-26 and AH-Plus), in chloroform and eucalyptoil in static and ultrasonic environments. Samples of each sealer were prepared (n = 180) and then divided into 12 groups that were immersed in solvents for 5 and 10 min in static and ultrasonic environments. The mean weight loss was determined, and the values were compared using Student's t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (p < 0.05). In chloroform, MTA-Fillapex, AH-26, and Sealapex displayed moderate solubility with no significant difference in dissolution (p = 0.125); however, their dissolution was significantly lower than that of AH-Plus (p < 0.001), which was almost fully dissolved after 10 minutes. Realseal was significantly less soluble than all sealers (p < 0.001). In eucalyptoil, MTA-Fillapex showed low solubility, as all of the sealers did, but Tubli-Seal was significantly more soluble than other sealers (p < 0.001). Using ultrasonic activation resulted in a significantly higher dissolution rate in chloroform for all sealers except MTA-Fillapex after 10 min (p = 0.226). In eucalyptoil, ultrasonic activation significantly increased the dissolution rate of all sealers except MTA-Fillapex after 5 and 10 min, Sealapex at 10 min, and AH-Plus at 5 min (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MTA-Fillapex was not sufficiently dissolved in either solvent. Ultrasonic activation had limited effectiveness on MTA-Fillapex dissolution, whereas it significantly increased the efficiency of solvents in dissolving a number of endodontic sealers.
Asunto(s)
Óxidos/química , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Solventes/química , Cloroformo/química , Silicatos/química , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Compuestos de Aluminio/química , Ciclohexanoles/química , Monoterpenos/química , Valores de Referencia , Plata/química , Solubilidad , Factores de Tiempo , Titanio/química , Cemento de Óxido de Zinc-Eugenol/química , Bismuto/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Salicilatos/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Combinación de Medicamentos , Resinas Epoxi/química , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Eucaliptol , InmersiónRESUMEN
Abstract Obturation of the root canal system aims to fill empty spaces, promoting hermetic sealing and preventing bacterial activity in periapical tissues. This should provide optimal conditions for repair, stimulating the process of biomineralization. An endodontic sealer should be biocompatible once it is in direct contact with periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rat subcutaneous tissue response to implanted polyethylene tubes filled with Smartpaste Bio, Acroseal, and Sealapex and investigate mineralization ability of these endodontic sealers. Forty Wistar rats were assigned to the three sealers groups and control group, (n = 10 animals/group) and received subcutaneous implants containing the test sealers, and the control group were implanted with empty tubes. After days 7, 15, 30, and 60, animals were euthanized and polyethylene tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. Inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the fibrous capsule were histologically evaluated. Mineralization was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and polarized light. Data were tabulated and analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. All tested materials induced a moderate inflammatory reaction in the initial periods. Smartpaste Bio induced the mildest inflammatory reactions after day 15. No difference was observed among groups after days 30 or 60. Von Kossa-positive staining and birefringent structures observed under polarized light revealed a larger mineralization area in Sealapex-treated animals followed by Smartpaste Bio-treated animals. At the end of the experiment, all tested sealers were found to be biocompatible. All sealers induced biomineralization, except Acroseal, which induced a mild tissue reaction.