RESUMEN
Utilizing visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics methods has been widespread for identifying plant diseases. However, a key obstacle involves the extraction of relevant spectral characteristics. This study aimed to enhance sugarcane disease recognition by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) spectrograms for spectral features extraction within the Vis-NIR spectra (380-1400 nm) to improve the accuracy of sugarcane diseases recognition. Using 130 sugarcane leaf samples, the obtained one-dimensional CWT coefficients from Vis-NIR spectra were transformed into two-dimensional spectrograms. Employing CNN, spectrogram features were extracted and incorporated into decision tree, K-nearest neighbour, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and random forest (RF) calibration models. The RF model, integrating spectrogram-derived features, demonstrated the best performance with an average precision of 0.9111, sensitivity of 0.9733, specificity of 0.9791, and accuracy of 0.9487. This study may offer a non-destructive, rapid, and accurate means to detect sugarcane diseases, enabling farmers to receive timely and actionable insights on the crops' health, thus minimizing crop loss and optimizing yields.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Profundo , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Saccharum , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Análisis de Ondículas , Saccharum/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Hojas de la Planta/química , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Análisis DiscriminanteRESUMEN
This work describes the development of a new automated parallel dispersive tip microextraction method (Au-Pa-DPX) for the determination of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four samples of Brazilian sugarcane spirit beverages, with separation and detection done by the HPLC-DAD. The results obtained with the Au-Pa-DPX approach were also compared with those obtained via the conventional parallel manual DPX method with the same samples and optimized extraction process. Desorption solvent and cycles of desorption, cleaning and extraction were optimized using response surface methodology and univariate approaches. For the Au-Pa-DPX method, the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.9948 to 0.9997. The limits of detection and quantification were all 0.303 µg l-1 and 1.00 µg l-1, respectively. Interday and intraday precision ranged from 7.6 % to 31.7 % and 0.40 % to 15.8 %, respectively. For the manual parallel DPX method, the interday and intraday precision ranged from 8.2 % to 38.1 % and 5.40 % to 18.7 %, respectively. The relative recovery values obtained with the proposed method ranged from 53.29 to 124.94 %. The enrichment factors ranged from 15.13 to 22.35. The sum of PAH concentrations in the four samples ranged from undetected to 25.58 µg l-1. These results, when correlated to other methods, highlight the gains in regards to precision obtained with the automated apparatus. Furthermore, when compared to other methods from the literature, it is an interesting green alternative for the determination of these analytes and this sample, with high throughput (4.67 min per sample), low consumption of solvents and samples, generating less waste and reducing health risks to the analyst.
Asunto(s)
Límite de Detección , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Saccharum/química , Microextracción en Fase Líquida/métodos , Bebidas Alcohólicas/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Bebidas/análisisRESUMEN
The utilization of biowastes for producing biochar to remove potentially toxic elements from water represents an important pathway for aquatic ecosystem decontamination. Here we explored the significance of thiol-functionalization on sugarcane bagasse biochar (Th/SCB-BC) and rice husk biochar (Th/RH-BC) to enhance arsenite (As(III)) removal capacity from water and compared their efficiency with both pristine biochars (SCB-BC and RH-BC). The maximum As(III) sorption was found on Th/SCB-BC and Th/RH-BC (2.88 and 2.51 mg g-1, respectively) compared to the SCB-BC and RH-BC (1.51 and 1.40 mg g-1). Relatively, a greater percentage of As(III) removal was obtained with Th/SCB-BC and Th/RH-BC (92% and 83%, respectively) at a pH 7 compared to pristine SCB-BC and RH-BC (65% and 55%) at 6 mg L-1 initial As(III) concentration, 2 h contact time and 1 g L-1 sorbent dose. Langmuir (R2 = 0.99) isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.99) models provided the best fits to As(III) sorption data. Desorption experiments indicated that the regeneration ability of biochars decreased and it was in the order of Th/SCB-BC (88%) > Th/RH-BC (82%) > SCB-BC (77%) > RH-BC (69%) up to three sorption-desorption cycles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the thiol (-S-H) functional groups were successfully grafted on the surface of two biochars and as such contributed to enhance As(III) removal from water. Spectroscopic data indicated that the surface functional moieties, such as -S-H, - OH, - COOH, and C = O were involved to increase As(III) sorption on thiol-functionalized biochars. This study highlights that thiol-grafting on both biochars, notably on SCB-BC, enhanced their ability to remove As(III) from water, which can be used as an effective technique for the treatment of As from drinking water.
Asunto(s)
Arsenitos , Celulosa , Carbón Orgánico , Oryza , Saccharum , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Carbón Orgánico/química , Saccharum/química , Oryza/química , Adsorción , Arsenitos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Celulosa/química , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/químicaRESUMEN
In this study, a novel and cost-effective approach was employed to prepare an effective Pb(II) adsorbent. We synthesized highly porous CMCSB-SCB microbeads with multiple active binding sites by combining carboxymethylated chitosan Schiff base (CMCSB) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). These microbeads were structurally and morphologically characterized using various physical, analytical, and microscopic techniques. The SEM image and N2-adsorption analysis of CMCSB-SCB revealed a highly porous structure with irregularly shaped voids and interconnected pores. The CMCSB-SCB microbeads demonstrated an impressive aqueous Pb(II) adsorption capacity, reaching a maximum of 318.21 mg/g, under identified optimal conditions: pH 4.5, 15 mg microbeads dosage, 30 min contact time, and Pb(II) initial concentration (350 mg/L). The successful adsorption of Pb(II) onto CMCSB-SCB beads was validated using FTIR, EDX, and XPS techniques. Furthermore, the experimental data fitting indicated a good agreement with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99633), whereas the adsorption kinetics aligned well with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.99978). The study also identified the Pb(II) adsorption mechanism by CMCSB-SCB microbeads as monolayer chemisorption.
Asunto(s)
Celulosa , Quitosano , Plomo , Microesferas , Saccharum , Bases de Schiff , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Plomo/química , Plomo/aislamiento & purificación , Adsorción , Bases de Schiff/química , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Cinética , Saccharum/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Biochar amendment has emerged as a potential solution for preventing, remediating, and mitigating agricultural compound pollution. This groundbreaking technique not only improves crucial soil properties like porosity, water retention capacity, cation exchange capacity, and pH, but also intricately impacts the interaction and retention mechanisms of polluting molecules. In this study, we investigate the dynamic of the herbicide Imazapic when subjected to applying pyrolyzed biochars, specifically at temperatures of 300 and 500 °C, within the context of a low-fertility soil characterized as dystrophic Yellow Ultisol (YUd) in a sugarcane cultivation area in Igarassu-PE, Brazil. The biochars were produced from sugarcane bagasse by pyrolysis process in a muffle furnace. In laboratory conditions, with saturated soil columns under steady-state, analyses of the mechanisms involved in interaction and transport and determining hydrodispersive parameters for Imazapic were performed by the two-site nonequilibrium transport model using the CXTFIT 2.0 program. Samples of YUd soil amended with biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C presented a negligible interaction with Imazapic. However, adding biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C (BC500) to the soil samples enhanced the adsorption coefficient and improved the interaction with Imazapic. This research points out that biochar produced from agricultural waste biomass, such as sugarcane bagasse specifically pyrolyzed at 500 °C, offers a potential means to adsorb herbicides, reducing their leaching to deeper layers of the amended soils and the risk of groundwater contamination and potential environmental negative impacts.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico , Herbicidas , Saccharum , Contaminantes del Suelo , Suelo , Saccharum/química , Carbón Orgánico/química , Herbicidas/química , Adsorción , Contaminantes del Suelo/química , Suelo/química , Imidazoles/química , Brasil , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodos , Agricultura/métodos , Celulosa , Ácidos NicotínicosRESUMEN
Preservative ingredients in cosmetic formulations undertake a necessary role in the prevention of microbial contamination. In this field, there is an unmet need for natural, sustainable, and effective preservatives. Thus, the main goal of this work was to evaluate a sugarcane straw extract-based ingredient and investigate its potential as a preservative for cosmetic applications. Different ingredients were developed using several cosmetic solvents to improve the solubility of the extracted compounds. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The 1,2-hexanediol was the solvent that allowed us to achieve the ingredient (20% dry extract dispersed in 25% 1,2-hexanediol in water) with the best antimicrobial performance, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration of between 5% and 3% (I). The 5% (w/v) concentration of this ingredient complied with the USP51 standards for cosmetic preservatives. Real-time (25 °C, 65% RH) and accelerated stability (40 °C, 75% RH) tests were conducted to determine the ingredient stability, and it was found that one month of storage time at room temperature would be ideal for better ingredient stability and performance in terms of composition, pH, color, and antioxidant activity.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Cosméticos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales , Conservadores Farmacéuticos , Saccharum , Saccharum/química , Cosméticos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Conservadores Farmacéuticos/química , Conservadores Farmacéuticos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The hydrothermal pretreatment process stands out as a pivotal step in breaking down the hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic biomasses, such as sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus sawdust. This pretreatment step is crucial for preparing these materials for subsequent processes, particularly in food applications. This technique aims to disintegrate plant wall components like cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and facilitating access in later phases such as enzymatic hydrolysis, and ultimately making fermentable sugars available. In this study, sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus sawdust biomass underwent hydrothermal pretreatment at specific conditions, yielding two key components: dry biomass and hemicellulose liquor. The primary focus was to assess the impact of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, using the Celic Ctec III enzyme cocktail, to obtain fermentable sugars. These sugars were then transformed into membranes via strain Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacterial biosynthesis. Notably, the addition of a nitrogen source significantly boosted production to 14.76 g/ in hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse, underscoring its vital role in bacterial metabolism. Conversely, in hydrolyzed eucalyptus, nitrogen source inclusion unexpectedly decreased yield, highlighting the intricate interactions in fermentation media and the pivotal influence of nitrogen supplementation. Characterization of membranes obtained in synthetic and hydrolyzed media through techniques such as FEG-SEM, FTIR, and TGA, followed by mass balance assessment, gauged their viability on an industrial scale. This comprehensive study aimed not only to understand the effects of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis but to also evaluate the applicability and sustainability of the process on a large scale, providing crucial insights into its feasibility and efficiency in practical food-related scenarios, utilizing nanocellulose bacterial (BNC) as a key component.
Asunto(s)
Biomasa , Celulosa , Eucalyptus , Lignina , Saccharum , Lignina/química , Lignina/metabolismo , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/metabolismo , Hidrólisis , Eucalyptus/química , Saccharum/química , Fermentación , Gluconacetobacter xylinus/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Non-centrifugal raw cane sugar (NRCS) is a minimally processed product from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L). This product contains phytochemical and nutritional compounds that benefit human health. Despite these advantages, NRCS commercialization is hindered by a lack of knowledge about its composition and, consequently, the absence of quality standards. Studies associating the nutritional composition of sugarcane varieties and their genuine products have not yet been found in the literature, and understanding this relationship can help establish quality standards for this product. Therefore, this study evaluated the mineral nutritional composition of genuine derivative NRCS produced from two sugarcane varieties obtained under different agronomic conditions at two stages of maturation to verify the relationships between raw material and the product. The obtained sugarcanes, juices, and bagasse, as well as the produced sugars, were analyzed for mineral content, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Most mineral constituents of sugarcane are in the juice in direct proportions to those in raw sugarcane. Thus, minimally processed food derivatives have nutritional characteristics equivalent to the raw materials. Consumption of NRCS contributes to meeting daily requirements for essential nutrients such as magnesium, copper, potassium, and manganese. For manganese, 25 g of NRCS, like the one produced in this study, can fulfill 22 to 76 % of an adult male's daily mineral requirements. The variation observed in the four NRCS samples, obtained from the same sugarcane variety under different maturation and agronomic conditions, was 250 %. This variation makes establishing quality parameters for mineral or ash content difficult. Therefore, setting mineral content levels for NRCS is inappropriate, as this parameter naturally depends on the raw material.
Asunto(s)
Minerales , Valor Nutritivo , Saccharum , Saccharum/química , Minerales/análisis , Celulosa/análisis , Celulosa/química , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
Bacteria within the Paenibacillus genus are known to secrete a diverse array of enzymes capable of breaking down plant cell wall polysaccharides. We studied the extracellular xylanolytic activity of Paenibacillus xylanivorans and examined the complete range of secreted proteins when grown on carbohydrate-based carbon sources of increasing complexity, including wheat bran, sugar cane straw, beechwood xylan and sucrose, as control. Our data showed that the relative abundances of secreted proteins varied depending on the carbon source used. Extracellular enzymatic extracts from wheat bran (WB) or sugar cane straw (SCR) cultures had the highest xylanolytic activity, coincidently with the largest representation of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). Scaling-up to a benchtop bioreactor using WB resulted in a significant enhancement in productivity and in the overall volumetric extracellular xylanase activity, that was further concentrated by freeze-drying. The enzymatic extract was efficient in the deconstruction of xylans from different sources as well as sugar cane straw pretreated by alkali extrusion (SCRe), resulting in xylobiose and xylose, as primary products. The overall yield of xylose released from SCRe was improved by supplementing the enzymatic extract with a recombinant GH43 ß-xylosidase (EcXyl43) and a GH62 α-L-arabinofuranosidase (CsAbf62A), two activities that were under-represented. Overall, we showed that the extracellular enzymatic extract from P. xylanivorans, supplemented with specific enzymatic activities, is an effective approach for targeting xylan within lignocellulosic biomass.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas , Paenibacillus , Saccharum , Xilanos , Xilosa , Xilosidasas , Xilanos/metabolismo , Paenibacillus/metabolismo , Paenibacillus/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Saccharum/metabolismo , Saccharum/química , Xilosidasas/metabolismo , Xilosa/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Endo-1,4-beta Xilanasas/metabolismo , Disacáridos/metabolismo , Glicósido Hidrolasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Understanding the strength behavior and leaching characteristics of mining tailings stabilized with alkali-activated cements in the short, medium, and long term is crucial for the feasibility of material applications. In this context, this study assessed the stabilization/solidification of iron ore tailings (IOT) using alkali-activated binder (AAB) composed of sugarcane bagasse ash and eggshell lime at curing times of 7, 28, 60, 90, 180, and 365 days. Additionally, leaching tests were conducted, along with the examination of possible changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition resulting from exposure to acidic environments. Tests included unconfined compression strength (UCS), leaching, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the IOT-AAB mixtures. The highest increase in UCS was observed between 7 and 60 days, reaching 6.47 MPa, with minimal variation thereafter. The AAB-bonded IOT exhibited no metal toxicity over time. Elements Ba, Mn, Pb, and Zn present in IOT and ash were encapsulated in the cemented matrix, with complete encapsulation of all metals observed from 90 days of curing time. The mineralogy of the stabilized/solidified tailings showed no changes resulting from leaching tests. Characteristic bands associated with the presence of N-A-S-H gel were identified in both pre-leaching and post-leaching samples for all curing times analyzed. Exposure to acidic environments altered bands related to carbonate bonds formed in the IOT-AAB mixture.
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Hierro , Minería , Hierro/química , Álcalis/química , Metales/química , Difracción de Rayos X , Saccharum/químicaRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of urban derived biochars such as Sugarcane bagasse (SB), Brinjal Stem (BS), and Citrus Peel (CP) produced at two different pyrolysis conditions (450 and 600 °C for 60 min) for soil heavy metal bioremediation potential. An ex-situ study was conducted to remediate single heavy metal-contaminated SoilRite with lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd), with biochars applied at different rates. Heavy metal status in soilrite was evaluated using various extraction methods (water-soluble, exchangeable, TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure), and PBET (Physiologically Based Extraction Tests)) to determine the biochar treatments' efficacy. The findings show that SB biochar at 450-60 are more effective in immobilizing heavy metals in water-soluble (Cd-100% Pb and Cu-70%), exchangeable (Pb:91%, Cd and Cu by 70-80%) and PBET-extracted forms (Cd-91%, Pb-80%, and Cu-75%), whereas biochar derived from BS (84%) and CP (90%) at 600-60 are more effective in immobilizing TCLP-extracted form of Pb and Cu. Urban derived biochars significantly reduced the toxicity of Pb, Cu, and Cd in various extractable forms and can stabilize and convert them into less accessible forms except for Cr. These extraction methods aid in evaluating environmental risks and influencing remediation strategies for soil heavy metal pollution. Urban biochar, as a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution, significantly solves this issue, facilitating sustainable waste management.
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Carbón Orgánico , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental , Metales Pesados , Pirólisis , Contaminantes del Suelo , Carbón Orgánico/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/química , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Metales Pesados/química , Metales Pesados/análisis , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodos , Citrus/química , Saccharum/química , Suelo/química , Biodegradación AmbientalRESUMEN
This study explores the enhancement of phosphate rock (PR) solubilization through solid-state fermentation (SSF) by optimizing oxalic acid production using Aspergillus niger. Key process parameters, including the use of agro-industrial by-products (sugarcane bagasse (SCB), wheat bran (WB), soybean bran (SB)), pH levels, sucrose supplementation, and methanol addition, were systematically evaluated through sequential experimental designs. The results identified SCB and SB in a 1:1 ratio as the most effective substrate. Remarkably, the inclusion of methanol (7 %) and sucrose (0.5 %) resulted in a 3-fold increase in oxalic acid production. Under these optimized conditions, significant phosphorus solubilization of Bayóvar, Itafós, and Registro PRs was achieved, with Bayóvar rock releasing up to 12.1 g/kgds of soluble P (63.8 % efficiency). Additionally, the SSF process effectively released organic phosphorus from the agro-industrial substrates. These findings hold promise for advancing the bio-based economy and developing future industrial biofertilizers.
Asunto(s)
Aspergillus niger , Fermentación , Ácido Oxálico , Fosfatos , Solubilidad , Ácido Oxálico/química , Fosfatos/química , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Celulosa/química , Glycine max/metabolismo , Metanol/química , Sacarosa/metabolismo , Saccharum/químicaRESUMEN
In recent years, there has been an increase in research devoted to the advancement of cellulose and nanocellulose-based materials, which are advantageous due to their renewable nature, strength, rigidity, and environmental friendliness. This exploration complies with the fundamental tenets of environmental stewardship and sustainability. An area of industrial biotechnology where cellulosic agricultural residues have the potential to be economically utilized is through the conversion of such residues; sugarcane bagasse is currently leading this charge. SCB, a plentiful fibrous byproduct produced during the sugarcane industry's operations, has historically been utilized in various sectors, including producing paper, animal feed, enzymes, biofuel conversion, and biomedical applications. Significantly, SCB comprises a considerable amount of cellulose, approximately 40 % to 50 %, rendering it a valuable source of cellulose fibre for fabricating cellulose nanocrystals. This review sheds light on the significant advances in surface modification techniques, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological treatments, that enhance sugarcane bagasse fibres' adsorption capacity and selectivity. Furthermore, the paper investigates the specific advancements related to the augmentation of sugarcane bagasse fibres' efficacy in adsorbing a wide range of pollutants. These pollutants span a spectrum that includes heavy metals, dyes, organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants. The discussion provides a comprehensive overview of the targeted removal processes facilitated by applying modified fibres. The unique structural and chemical properties inherent in sugarcane bagasse fibres and their widespread availability position them as highly suitable adsorbents for various pollutants. This convergence of attributes underscores the potential of sugarcane bagasse fibres in addressing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable solutions across multiple industries.
Asunto(s)
Celulosa , Saccharum , Saccharum/química , Celulosa/química , Adsorción , Biotecnología/métodosRESUMEN
Food insecurity and malnutrition are serious problems in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. This situation warrants an urgent need for the diversification of food sources with enhanced productivity. This study was aimed at contributing to the food security in Ethiopia through cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms using sustainable and locally available agro-industrial byproduct-based substrates in parallel with pollution control. Ten substrates were prepared using sugarcane bagasse, filter cake, trash, cotton seed hull and animal waste, namely cow dung and horse and chicken manure. The effect of each substrate (treatment) on the yields, biological efficiency, nutritional composition, and mineral contents of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom species was evaluated at the Ethiopian Forest Products Innovation Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results obtained indicate that a significantly higher (p < 0.05) yield and biological efficiency were recorded from the mushroom cultivated on S2 substrate containing a mixture of 80% sugarcane bagasse, 12% cow dung, and 8% cotton seed hull. Moreover, substrate containing sugarcane bagasse mixed with cotton seed hull, cow dung, and chicken manure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the yields and biological efficiency of the mushroom. The content of protein, crude fat, fiber, and carbohydrates of the mushroom cultivated from all the utilized substrates were in the range of 17.30-21.5, 1.77-2.52, 31.03-34.38, and 28.02-39.74%, respectively. The critical macro-elements are abundant in the mushroom in the order of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium. The mushrooms cultivated on all the substrates were rich in essential micro-elements in the order of iron and zinc. It was found that substrate preparation and formulation significantly (p < 0.05) improved the yields, biological efficiency, nutritive values, and mineral contents of the mushroom. The use of these by-products as substrates is sustainable and environmentally friendly and allows the production of mushroom with high nutritional value on a sustainable basis in order to enhance food security in the country.
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Valor Nutritivo , Pleurotus , Saccharum , Etiopía , Pleurotus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pleurotus/metabolismo , Saccharum/metabolismo , Saccharum/química , Animales , Celulosa/metabolismo , Estiércol/análisis , Agricultura/métodos , Bovinos , Pollos , Minerales/análisisRESUMEN
Sugarcane bagasse was recycled to produce fermentation liquid (FL) as a supplementary carbon source that was added to constructed wetlands (CWs) for regulating influent carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and then being applied to investigate nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas emissions. Results showed that this FL achieved faster NO3--N removal and lower N2O fluxes than sucrose did, and the lowest N2O flux (67.6 µg m-2h-1) was achieved when FL was added to CWs in a C/N of 3. In contrast, CH4 emissions were higher by the FL addition than by the sucrose addition, although the fluxes under both additions were in a lower range of 0.06-0.17 mg m-2h-1. The utilization of FL also induced significant variations in microbial communities and increased the abundance of denitrification genes. Results showed the application of FL from sugarcane bagasse can be an effective strategy for improving nitrogen removal and mitigating N2O emissions in CWs.
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Carbono , Celulosa , Fermentación , Nitrógeno , Óxido Nitroso , Saccharum , Aguas Residuales , Humedales , Saccharum/química , Saccharum/metabolismo , Óxido Nitroso/metabolismo , Celulosa/metabolismo , Aguas Residuales/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Metano/metabolismo , DesnitrificaciónRESUMEN
Contamination with traces of pharmaceutical compounds, such as ciprofloxacin, has prompted interest in their removal via low-cost, efficient biomass-based adsorption. In this study, classical models, a mechanistic model, and a neural network model were evaluated for predicting ciprofloxacin breakthrough curves in both laboratory- and pilot scales. For the laboratory-scale (d = 2.2 cm, Co = 5 mg/L, Q = 7 mL/min, T = 18 °C) and pilot-scale (D = 4.4 cm, Co = 5 mg/L, Q = 28 mL/min, T = 18 °C) setups, the experimental adsorption capacities were 2.19 and 2.53 mg/g, respectively. The mechanistic model reproduced the breakthrough data with high accuracy on both scales (R2 > 0.4 and X2 < 0.15), and its fit was higher than conventional analytical models, namely the Clark, Modified Dose-Response, and Bohart-Adams models. The neural network model showed the highest level of agreement between predicted and experimental data with values of R2 = 0.993, X2 = 0.0032 (pilot-scale) and R2 = 0.986, X2 = 0.0022 (laboratory-scale). This study demonstrates that machine learning algorithms exhibit great potential for predicting the liquid adsorption of emerging pollutants in fixed bed.
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Celulosa , Ciprofloxacina , Aprendizaje Automático , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Ciprofloxacina/química , Adsorción , Celulosa/química , Saccharum/química , Contaminantes Químicos del AguaRESUMEN
The demand for new products derived from agro-industrial residues has increased recently. Furthermore, vinasse, a wastewater from ethanol production, needs treatment to be reused in the sugarcane industry, reducing industrial water consumption. This study performed vinasse filtration with charcoal from industrial sugarcane residues and used filtered molasses dilution in ethanolic fermentation. There were five treatments in randomized blocks with three repetitions. The treatments included deionized water and natural vinasse as positive and negative controls, respectively, and filtered vinasse from charcoal made from bamboo, sugarcane bagasse, and straw. Hence, fermentation for ethanol production was performed. Compared with natural vinasse, filtered vinasse with all types of charcoal showed lower soluble solids, total residual reducing sugars, higher ethanol concentrations, and greater fermentative efficiency. Filtered vinasse from bagasse and straw charcoals had efficiencies of 81.14% and 77.98%, respectively, in terms of ethanol production, which are close to those of deionized water (81.49%). In a hypothetical industry, vinasse charcoal filtration and charcoal regeneration should prevent 84.12% of water consumption from environmental resources. This process is feasible because it uses a product of sugarcane residue to treat wastewater and reduce industrial water consumption and vinasse disposal.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico , Etanol , Fermentación , Melaza , Saccharum , Carbón Orgánico/química , Etanol/química , Saccharum/química , Residuos Industriales , Filtración/métodos , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
The first comparative pre-treatment study of Miscanthus (Mxg) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) using steam explosion (SE) and pressurised disc refining (PDR) pretreatment to optimise xylose and xylo-oligosaccharide release is described. The current investigation aimed to 1) Develop optimised batch-wise steam explosion parameters for Mxg and SCB, 2) Scale from static batch steam explosion to dynamic continuous pressurised disc refining, 3) Identify, understand, and circumvent scale-up production hurdles. Optimised SE parameters released 82% (Mxg) and 100% (SCB) of the available xylan. Scaling to PDR, Miscanthus yielded 85% xylan, highlighting how robust scouting assessments for boundary process parameters can result in successful technical transfer. In contrast, SCB technical transfer was not straightforward, with significant differences observed between the two processes, 100% (SE) and 58% (PDR). This report underlines the importance of feedstock-specific pretreatment strategies to underpin process development, scale-up, and optimisation of carbohydrate release from biomass.
Asunto(s)
Celulosa , Oligosacáridos , Poaceae , Saccharum , Vapor , Xilosa , Saccharum/química , Celulosa/química , Proyectos Piloto , Biotecnología/métodos , Xilanos , GlucuronatosRESUMEN
Sugarcane bagasse fly ash, a residual product resulting from the incineration of biomass to generate power and steam, is rich in SiO2. Sodium silicate is a fundamental material for synthesizing highly porous silica-based adsorbents to serve circular practices. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a significant contaminant in animal feeds, necessitates the integration of adsorbents, crucial for reducing aflatoxin concentrations during the digestive process of animals. This research aimed to synthesize aluminosilicate and zinc silicate derived from sodium silicate based on sugarcane bagasse fly ash, each characterized by a varied molar ratio of aluminum (Al) to silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) to silicon (Si), respectively. The primary focus of this study was to evaluate their respective capacities for adsorbing AFB1. It was revealed that aluminosilicate exhibited notably superior AFB1 adsorption capabilities compared to zinc silicate and silica. Furthermore, the adsorption efficacy increased with higher molar ratios of Al:Si for aluminosilicate and Zn:Si for zinc silicate. The N2 confirmed AFB1 adsorption within the pores of the adsorbent. In particular, the aluminosilicate variant with a molar ratio of 0.08 (Al:Si) showcased the most substantial AFB1 adsorption capacity, registering at 88.25% after an in vitro intestinal phase. The adsorption ability is directly correlated with the presence of surface acidic sites and negatively charged surfaces. Notably, the kinetics of the adsorption process were best elucidated through the application of the pseudo-second-order model, effectively describing the behavior of both aluminosilicate and zinc silicate in adsorbing AFB1.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxina B1 , Silicatos de Aluminio , Celulosa , Ceniza del Carbón , Saccharum , Silicatos , Compuestos de Zinc , Silicatos/química , Adsorción , Silicatos de Aluminio/química , Saccharum/química , Aflatoxina B1/química , Ceniza del Carbón/química , Celulosa/química , Compuestos de Zinc/químicaRESUMEN
Soilless agriculture is acknowledged worldwide because it uses organic leftovers as a means of supporting intensive and efficient plant production. However, the quality of potting media deteriorates because of lower nutrient content and excessive shrinkage of most organic materials. A current study was undertaken to identify the optimal blend of locally available organic materials with desirable qualities for use as potting media. Therefore, different ingredients, viz., Pinus roxburghii needles, sugarcane bagasse, and farmyard manure were used alone or in combination as potting media to test their suitability by growing spinach as a test crop. Results showed that an increase in Pinus roxburghii needles and sugarcane bagasse decreased medium pH and electrical conductivity. Higher pH and electrical conductivity were recorded for the treatments having a higher farmyard manure ratio (≥50%) in combination. Except for pine needles 100%, pH and electrical conductivity were in the recommended range. The growth attributes include, leaves plant-1, shoot length, fresh- and dry shoot weight along with plant macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) and micronutrients (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) content were higher in treatment pine needles 50%+farmyard manure 50% followed by pine needles 25%+farmyard manure 50%+sugarcane bagasse 25%. Moreover, the particular treatment of pine needles 50%+farmyard manure 50% exhibited the highest concentrations of macro- (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) as well as micronutrients (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) in the potting media following the harvest. This study highlights the potential of utilizing agro-industrial litter/waste as a soilless growing medium for spinach production under greenhouse conditions. When employed in appropriate proportions, this approach not only addresses disposal concerns but also proves effective for sustainable cultivation. Further research is needed to investigate the use of these wastes as potting media by mixing various particle-size ingredients.