RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: People caring for patients with dementia are prone to suffering from burden. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) may have an impact on caregiver burden. In Latin American countries, there is a lack of research on caregiver burden. We aimed to determine which BPSD have the greatest impact on caregiver burden among Peruvian patients with dementia and to compare the effects of BPSD on caregiver burden across different types of dementia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 patients living with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and vascular dementia (VD) and their caregivers who attended a Peruvian memory clinic. BPSD were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Caregiver burden was assessed with the Zarit Burden Inventory. We used analysis of variance to compare the AD, bvFTD, DLB, and VD groups. Correlations between Zarit Burden Inventory and NPI subscale scores were assessed with Spearman's correlation. RESULTS: DLB caregivers had significantly higher levels of burden than the other patient groups (p < 0.05) and higher total NPI scores than caregivers for other patient groups (p < 0.05). bvFTD caregivers had significantly higher total NPI scores than AD and VD caregivers (p < 0.05). Hallucinations, aberrant motor behavior, and apathy were the symptoms most significantly correlated with caregiver burden in those caring for DLB, bvFTD, and AD patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are higher in DLB caregivers. Hallucinations, aberrant motor behavior, and apathy are the main symptoms correlated with burden.
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Carga del Cuidador , Cuidadores , Demencia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Perú , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Demencia/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carga del Cuidador/psicología , Cuidadores/psicología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Enfermedad por Cuerpos de Lewy/psicología , Demencia Vascular/psicología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/psicología , Demencia Frontotemporal/psicología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Costo de Enfermedad , Síntomas Conductuales/psicologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between emotional and behavioural problems and dental fear/anxiety (DFA) in children aged four to 12 years treated at a clinic in southern Brazil. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study where mother-child dyads were interviewed, emotional and behavioural problems were investigated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (considering five subscales). Children's DFA was evaluated through the Venham Picture Test. For each SDQ subscale, Poisson regression model was explored. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated, considering a significant level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: Overall, 128 children participated in this study. Most children were female (54.7%) and aged between 7 and 9 years (39.8%). The prevalence of emotional problems was 47.7% and behavioural problems were 46.1%. The prevalence of DFA was 18.8%. Children with emotional problems had a 2.3 higher prevalence of DFA (95%CI 1.06-5.04). In general, behavioural problems were not associated with DFA (95%CI 0.84-3.34) only when conduct problems were considered (2.20; 95%CI 1.02-4.70). Conclusion: Children aged between 4 and 12 years who present emotional and conduct problems tend to show higher DFA.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/psicología , Atención Dental para Niños/psicología , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Modelos Lineales , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Odontología Pediátrica , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Razón de Prevalencias , Estudio ObservacionalRESUMEN
Introduction: There is controversy over the real existence of differences in mental health and academic performance between the Mapuche ethnic minority male adolescents and the male adolescents not belonging to this ethnicity in Chile.Objective: In consequence, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in emotional and behavioural symptoms, risky behaviours and academic success on the Chilean Mapuche and non-Mapuche adolescents.Design: The sample consisted of 233 adolescents of which 119 were Mapuche adolescents and 114 were non-Mapuche adolescents.Results: The results showed that the Mapuche adolescents do not have more anxiety problems and depression than the non-Mapuche adolescents. Furthermore, the Mapuche adolescents present less drug consumption and behavioural problems. Moreover, there were no differences in academic performance.Conclusions: This study provides social interest data of the adolescents' mental health, which can be useful for the country's socio-sanitary and political decisions. Future studies should investigate these and other variables related to the mental health of minorities in greater depth.
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Éxito Académico , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Emociones , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Minoritarios/estadística & datos numéricos , Asunción de Riesgos , Adolescente , Ansiedad/psicología , Chile , Depresión/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Salud MentalRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To measure the heart rate (HR) and the behavior of children and teenagers with Down Syndrome (DS) during the dental appointment. Material and Methods: Two groups (n = 52), of both genders, aged 2-14 years, matched by age group were formed: study group (SG) - individuals with DS and control group (CG) - normotypical school children. The participants were submitted to clinical examination and prophylaxis. An oximeter was used to measure the HR at five moments of the dental consultation: before entering the practice room (T0), when sitting in the dental chair (T1), during the clinical examination (T2), during prophylaxis (T3) and immediately after prophylaxis (T4). Behavior, classified according to the Frankl Scale, was observed at T3. Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Pearson's Chi-square tests were used to analyze and compare variables (significance level at 5%). Results: In SG, a significant difference in HR was observed according to the moment of dental appointment (p<0.001 SG; 0.3385 CG). The highest HR value in SG was observed at T3 (median 110.00; IIQ 96.00-124.00), the only moment significantly different (p<0.001) from HR values for CG. A difference in behavior between groups (p<0.001) was also observed. Conclusion: HR of individuals with DS varied throughout the dental appointment, and they also had a higher prevalence of uncooperative behavior.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Estudios Transversales/métodos , Síndrome de Down , Consultorios Odontológicos , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Citas y Horarios , Derivación y Consulta , Brasil/epidemiología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
El síntoma entendido por alteraciones subjetivas percibidas por las per-sonas ha sido desarrollado desde los años 50 por los psiquiatras y en los años 70 por psicólogos clínicos. Una sinopsis completa de esta alteración se resume en el libro de Süllwold y Huber, desde 1974. Los síntomas son alteraciones subclínicas sutiles y subjetivamente experimentadas en el im-pulso, el afecto, el pensamiento, el habla, la percepción (corporal), la acción motora, las funciones vegetativas centrales y la tolerancia al estrés. Por definición, los síntomas son diferentes de lo que se considera el ser mental "normal" de uno. Al ser subjetivos, siguen siendo predominantemente pri-vados y aparentes solo para la persona afectada, y raramente son obser-vables. Los síntomas básicos difieren de los síntomas negativos tal como se los entiende actualmente, es decir, como déficit funcionales observables por otros. La percepción de que algo está mal con el pensamiento de uno está presente; sin embargo, algunas experiencias pueden ser tan nuevas y extrañas que siguen siendo casi inexplicables. En el campo de la medicina, las enfermeras ayudan a los pacientes a hacer frente a la angustia de los síntomas, mientras que los médicos se preocupan principalmente por la aparición de síntomas en el diagnóstico o tratamiento de la enfermedad.(AU)
The symptom understood by subjective alterations perceived by people has been developed since the 50s by psychiatrists and in the 70s by clinical psychologists. A complete synopsis of this alteration is summarized in the book written by Süllwold and Huber, since 1974. The symptoms are subtle and subjectively subclinical experienced alterations in impulse, affection, thought, speech, (body) perception, motor action, central vegetative functions and stress tolerance. By definition, the symptoms are different from what is considered to be the "normal" mental being of one. Being subjective, they remain predominantly private and apparent only for the affected person, and they are rarely observable. The basic symptoms differ from the negative symptoms as they are currently understood, that is, as functional deficits observable by others. The perception that something is wrong with one's thinking is present; however, some experiences may be so new and strange that they remain almost inexplicable. In the medical field, nurses help patients to cope to the symptoms, while doctors are primarily concerned with the appearance of symptoms in the diagnosis or treatment of the disease.(AU)
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Humanos , Signos y Síntomas , Síntomas Conductuales/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic multifactorial disease with a fast-growing global prevalence. Its association with psychological factors is not completely elucidated. AIM: To analyze features associated with not well-controlled asthma and to test the association of psychological factors with asthma control criteria. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from clinical records of asthmatic women under care in the Adult Respiratory Diseases Programs (ERA, in Spanish) and the Mental Health Program of Family Care Health Centers in the city of Arica. According to the asthma control score, patients were classified as having adequate control or not. RESULTS: A total of 60 women were analyzed and 62% had a not well-controlled asthma. Factors associated with not well-controlled asthma were moderate depression (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.84;p < 0.01), emotional lability (OR = 0.14; p = 0.02) and domestic violence (OR = 5.75; p = 0.05). The psychological factors associated with asthma control criteria were fear, emotional instability, domestic violence, sleep disorders, mixed anxiety-depressive disorders, and moderate depression. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological factors and violence exposure were consistently associated with asthma control.
Asunto(s)
Asma/psicología , Salud Mental , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the Tailored Activity Program-Brazilian version (TAP-BR), on behavioral symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) in persons with dementia, as well as on their caregivers, and on caregiver burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-group randomized controlled trial with 30 dyads was conducted: the experimental group (n=15) received TAP-BR over 4 months, and a wait-list control group (n=15) received usual care. Dyads were recruited from the community of Santos City, Brazil. RESULTS: For persons with dementia, 50% were female individuals, the average age was 81.37 (±7.57), and the educational level was 9.97 (±5.32) years. For caregivers, 83.33% were female, the average age was 65.97 (±10.13), and the educational level was 12.10 (±4.44) years. At posttest, in comparison with the wait-list control group, experimental group caregivers reported greater reductions in number (P<0.001; Cohen d=0.93), frequency (P<0.001; Cohen d=1.12), and intensity (P<0.001; Cohen d=0.77) of the behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia, and caregiver distress (P<0.001; Cohen d=0.87). Caregivers also reported improvement in their own QOL (P<0.05; Cohen d=0.57) and that of the person with dementia (P<0.01; Cohen d=0.56); no differences were found in the ratings of QOL by the person with dementia themselves. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide compelling evidence that the TAP-BR is an effective strategy to support dementia caregivers in other cultures (cross-validation).
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Cuidadores/psicología , Demencia/terapia , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Background: Asthma is a chronic multifactorial disease with a fast-growing global prevalence. Its association with psychological factors is not completely elucidated. Aim: To analyze features associated with not well-controlled asthma and to test the association of psychological factors with asthma control criteria. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from clinical records of asthmatic women under care in the Adult Respiratory Diseases Programs (ERA, in Spanish) and the Mental Health Program of Family Care Health Centers in the city of Arica. According to the asthma control score, patients were classified as having adequate control or not. Results: A total of 60 women were analyzed and 62% had a not well-controlled asthma. Factors associated with not well-controlled asthma were moderate depression (Odds ratio (OR) = 6.84;p < 0.01), emotional lability (OR = 0.14; p = 0.02) and domestic violence (OR = 5.75; p = 0.05). The psychological factors associated with asthma control criteria were fear, emotional instability, domestic violence, sleep disorders, mixed anxiety-depressive disorders, and moderate depression. Conclusions: Psychological factors and violence exposure were consistently associated with asthma control.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Asma/psicología , Salud Mental , Factores Socioeconómicos , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estudios Transversales , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender a manifestação de sintomas psicofuncionais em bebês entre seis e 12 meses, cujas mães apresentaram depressão. Assim, realizaram-se qualitativamente estudos de casos múltiplos, com três duplas mãe-bebê, sendo aplicados: entrevista de dados sociodemográficos e de dados clínicos, MINI PLUS, Questionário Symptom Check-List, EPDS, entrevista sobre gestação, parto e experiência da maternidade e IAP. Os resultados apontaram a presença de diversos fatores de riscos à depressão comuns a todas as mães, como também de aspectos psicodinâmicos singulares relacionados à história de vida delas. Também, identificou-se dificuldade na interação mãe-bebê em todos os casos, indicando que a depressão prejudica a mãe no exercício da maternidade e nas tarefas que esse período demanda, sobretudo interpretar ao bebê o que seu corpo manifesta. Portanto, o sintoma psicofuncional pode ser visto como uma resposta defensiva do bebê às dificuldades maternas de compreender suas manifestações corporais e interpretá-las. (AU)
This study aimed to understand the manifestation of psychofunctional symptoms in infants between six and 12 months, whose mothers presented depression. For this purpose, multiple case studies with three mother-infant pairs were qualitatively performed, and the following instruments were administered: interviews on socio-demographic and clinical data, M.I.N.I. PLUS, Symptom Checklist Questionnaire, EPDS, interview about pregnancy, childbirth and maternity experience, as well as IAP. The results showed the presence of several risk factors for depression common to all mothers, as well as singular psychodynamic aspects related to their life story. Also, we identified difficulty in the mother-infant interaction in all cases, indicating that depression damages the mother in the exercise of motherhood and in the tasks that this period demands, especially in interpreting to the baby what his/her body is expressing. Therefore, the psychofunctional symptom can be seen as a defensive response by the infant to maternal difficulties of understanding the baby's body manifestations and interpreting them. (AU)
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender manifestaciones de síntomas psicofuncionales en bebés entre 6 y 12 meses cuyas madres presentaron depresión. Se han realizado estudios de casos múltiples,con tres duplas madre-bebé, siendo aplicados: entrevista de datos sociodemográficos y datos clínicos, M.I.N.I. PLUS, Cuestionario Symptom Check-List, EPDS, entrevista sobre embarazo, parto y experiencia de maternidad e IAP. Los resultados mostraron presencia de diversos factores de riesgo para la depresión, comunes a todas las madres, así como también aspectos psicodinámicos singulares relacionados con la historia de vida de ellas. Además, se identificaron dificultades en la interacción madre-bebé en todos los casos, lo que indica que la depresión perjudica a la madre en el ejercicio de la maternidad y en las tareas que ese período demanda, principalmente interpretar lo que el cuerpo del bebé manifiesta. Por lo tanto, síntoma psicofuncional puede ser visto como una respuesta defensiva del bebé a las dificultades maternas para comprender sus manifestaciones corporales e interpretarlas. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Adulto , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo/psicología , Entrevistas como Asunto , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Classification of Psychiatric Emergency Presentations (PEP) is not sufficiently clear due to their inherent high inter-subjectivity and lack of validated triage instruments. In order to improve current classification of psychiatric emergency presentations (PEP) at Emergency Departments, we implemented and validated the Color-Risk Psychiatric Triage (CRPT), an instrument for classifying PEP risk by sorting one to five color/risk levels and one to thirty-two possible conditions arranged by risk. METHODS: Users who visited the Emergency Department (ED) of a Mexican psychiatric hospital from Dec 1st, 2008 to Dec 1st, 2009 were included. One CRPT was assessed by an ED psychiatrist to each patient upon their arrival to ED. Some patients were randomly assessed simultaneously with an additional CRPT and a Crisis and Triage Rating Scale (CTRS) to test validity and reliability of the CRPT. RESULTS: A total of 7,631 CRPT assessments were included. The majority of PEP were non-urgent (74.28 %). For the validation phase n = 158 patients were included. CRPT score showed higher concurrent validity than CRPT color/risk. CRPT level/risk and score showed highest concurrent validity within dangerousness domain of CTRS (r = 0.703, p < 0.0001). CRPT and CTRS scores showed similar predictive validity (p < 0.0001). High intraclass correlation coefficient (0.982) and Cohen's Kappa (0.89) were observed for CRPT score (r = 0.982, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: CRPT appeared to be a useful instrument for PEP classification due to its concurrent validity, predictive validity and reliability. CRPT score showed higher correlations than the CRPT color/risk. The five levels of risk provided by the CRPT appear to represent a simple and specific method for classifying PEP. This approach considers actual or potential risk, rather than severity, as the main factor for sorting PEP, which improves upon the current approach to emergency classification that is mainly based on the criterion of severity. Regardless of the triage procedure, emergency assessments should no longer classify PEP as "not real emergencies."
Asunto(s)
Síntomas Conductuales/diagnóstico , Conducta Peligrosa , Servicios de Urgencia Psiquiátrica/métodos , Triaje , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Escala de Evaluación de la Conducta/normas , Síntomas Conductuales/clasificación , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Triaje/métodos , Triaje/normasRESUMEN
Introducción: el proceso de envejecimiento biológico de las personas es irreversible y comienza desde el nacimiento. Cuba es un país con envejecimiento poblacional, enfrenta problemas médicos de los ancianos tales como demencia. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la más común, enfermedad que evoluciona por estadios, y en la medida en que transita de uno a otro se incrementan los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, aumentando la demanda de cuidados especiales, desempeñados por los cuidadores. Objetivo: identificar los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada desde la perspectiva del cuidador principal. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 35 cuidadores principales de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada del policlínico Carlos Manuel Portuondo municipio Marianao, desde enero de 2010 hasta septiembre de 2011. La información fue recogida con el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico validado al castellano, se procesó con distribuciones de frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje.Resultados: las repeticiones (82,85 por ciento), alteraciones del sueño (77,14 por ciento) y trastornos de hábitos alimentarios (71,42 por ciento) fueron los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de mayor incidencia en los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada, los menos frecuentes fueron: euforia (17,14 por ciento), alucinaciones, apatía y delusiones en el 40,00 por ciento. Conclusiones: desde la perspectiva del cuidador principal, los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales más frecuentes en los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada del Policlínico Carlos Manuel Portuondo fueron las repeticiones, las alteraciones del sueño y los trastornos de los hábitos alimentarios(AU)
Introduction: the process of people's biological aging is irreversible and it begins from the birth. Cuba is a country with and important population's aging and an expectation of 77.97 year-old life, facing to the elderly medical problems such as the dementia, being the Alzheimer disease the most common. This disease evolves by stages and as long as it goes from a stage to another the psychological and behavioral symptoms are increased; increasing the demand of special cares, important function carried out by the main carer. Objective: to identify the psychological and behavioral symptoms of the patients with minor and moderate Alzheimer disease from the main carer's perspective. Method: adescriptive study of a sample of 35 main carers of patient with minor and moderate Alzheimer disease from the policlinic Carlos Manuel Portuondo of Marianao municipality. Statistical charts of absolute frequency and percentage were made for the processing and statistical analysis of the information.Results: the repetitions, the dream disorder and the eating disorder were the most frequent psychological and behavioral symptoms of patient with minor and moderate Alzheimer disease. Conclusions: to avoid or to minimize the impact of the psychological and behavioral symptoms in the main carer it is necessary that it is supported by the family, the neighbors and/or the team of health(AU)
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/epidemiología , Envejecimiento/patología , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Cuidadores , Epidemiología DescriptivaRESUMEN
Introducción: el proceso de envejecimiento biológico de las personas es irreversible y comienza desde el nacimiento. Cuba es un país con envejecimiento poblacional, enfrenta problemas médicos de los ancianos tales como demencia. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la más común, enfermedad que evoluciona por estadios, y en la medida en que transita de uno a otro se incrementan los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, aumentando la demanda de cuidados especiales, desempeñados por los cuidadores principales. Objetivo: identificar los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada desde la perspectiva del cuidador principal. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 35 cuidadores principales de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada del policlínico Carlos Manuel Portuondo municipio Marianao, desde enero de 2010 hasta septiembre de 2011. La información fue recogida con el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico validado al castellano, se procesó con distribuciones de frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Resultados: las repeticiones (82,85 pro ciento), alteraciones del sueño (77,14 por ciento) y trastornos de hábitos alimentarios (71,42 por ciento) fueron los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de mayor incidencia en los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada, los menos frecuentes fueron: euforia (17,14 por ciento), alucinaciones, apatía y delusiones en el 40,00 por ciento. Conclusiones: desde la perspectiva del cuidador principal, los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales más frecuentes en los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve y moderada del Policlínico Carlos Manuel Portuondo fueron las repeticiones, las alteraciones del sueño y los trastornos de los hábitos alimentarios(AU)
Introduction: the process of people's biological aging is irreversible and it begins from the birth. Cuba is a country with and important population's aging and an expectation of 77.97 year-old life, facing to the elderly medical problems such as the dementia, being the Alzheimer disease the most common. This disease evolves by stages and as long as it goes from a stage to another the psychological and behavioral symptoms are increased; increasing the demand of special cares, important function carried out by the main carer. Objective: to identify the psychological and behavioral symptoms of the patients with minor and moderate Alzheimer disease from the main carer's perspective. Method: adescriptive study of a sample of 35 main carers of patient with minor and moderate Alzheimer disease from the policlinic Carlos Manuel Portuondo of Marianao municipality. Statistical charts of absolute frequency and percentage were made for the processing and statistical analysis of the information. Results: the repetitions, the dream disorder and the eating disorder were the most frequent psychological and behavioral symptoms of patient with minor and moderate Alzheimer disease. Conclusions: to avoid or to minimize the impact of the psychological and behavioral symptoms in the main carer it is necessary that it is supported by the family, the neighbors and/or the team of health(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Envejecimiento/patología , Cuidadores , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/epidemiología , Epidemiología DescriptivaRESUMEN
The Alcatraz prison, with its picturesque surroundings and fascinating life stories of its inmates, has been the subject of a number of films and publications. The authors take a closer look at the biographies of “Al Capone”, Robert “Birdman” Stroud and “Mickey” Cohen. These legendary American mobsters shared not only a history at “The Rock”, but also a history of neuropsychiatric diseases, ranging from neurosyphilis to anti-social, borderline and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
A prisão de Alcatraz, com sua atmosfera pitoresca e as fascinantes histórias de seus prisioneiros, foi objeto de vários filmes e publicações. Os autores focam nas biografias de “Al Capone”, Robert “Birdman” Stroud and “Mickey” Cohen. Estes legendários gangsteres americanos tem em comum não apenas suas penas cumpridas no “Rochedo”, mas também uma história de doenças neuropsiquiátricas, de neurosífilis a personalidades anti-sociais, “borderline” e obsessivo-compulsivas.
Asunto(s)
Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Personajes , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Prisioneros/historia , Prisiones/historia , Síntomas Conductuales/historia , Trastornos de la Personalidad/historia , Prisioneros/psicología , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The Alcatraz prison, with its picturesque surroundings and fascinating life stories of its inmates, has been the subject of a number of films and publications. The authors take a closer look at the biographies of "Al Capone", Robert "Birdman" Stroud and "Mickey" Cohen. These legendary American mobsters shared not only a history at "The Rock", but also a history of neuropsychiatric diseases, ranging from neurosyphilis to anti-social, borderline and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
Asunto(s)
Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Personajes , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Prisioneros/historia , Prisiones/historia , Síntomas Conductuales/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Trastornos de la Personalidad/historia , Prisioneros/psicología , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Some studies have indicated that the capacity of self-assessment of affective state is more compromised during mania than during depression. In the present study, we investigated whether the reliability of self-assessment in bipolar disorder varies as a function of actual affective state (i.e., euthymia, mania, or depression). Sixty-five patients with a diagnosis of type I and type II bipolar disorder were evaluated with regard to the occurrence of an affective syndrome using the Clinical Global Impressions Scale for use in bipolar illness, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. In parallel, we applied the Analog Visual Mood Scale, a self-assessment tool to evaluate mood changes. The same individual prospectively completed the self-assessment scale in different affective states. During depression, the patients' evaluation was significantly different from when they were in manic or euthymic mood states. However, when in mania, the patients evaluated their mood state similarly to when they were euthymic. The bipolar patients in mania but not in depression did not reliably evaluate themselves with regard to their affective state.
Asunto(s)
Síntomas Conductuales/fisiopatología , Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Adulto , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
A querela dos diagnósticos foi reaberta neste momento de reavaliação crítica de um dos mais importantes protocolos diagnósticos internacionais. Esta epidemia classificatória, ao repertoriar as manifestações do sofrimento psíquico, promove uma leitura biologizante do sujeito. O corpo da pulsão perde espaço para o real do corpo na tentativa vã de normatizá-lo. Na psicanálise, o diagnóstico não se baseia apenas nos fenômenos. Por esta razão, num caso como o do Homem dos lobos, mesmo as classificações mais apuradas se mostram insuficientes. Partiremos da diretriz freudiana a respeito do Édipo invertido, avançando a hipótese de que a virilidade do Homem dos lobos é puro semblant para ocultar uma posição apassividada, mantendo-o afastado da homossexualidade. O rigor da sua psicopatologia não evitou que Lacan se embaraçasse com o caso sem jamais contrapor-se ao ponto de vista de Freud. A orientação proposta por Miller, após a Convenção de Antibes, o reclassificou dentro da categoria da psicose ordinária. Às vésperas do seu centenário, a leitura do Homem dos lobos é obrigatória no debate das querelas diagnósticas atuais.(AU)
This is a time of critical reappraisal of a major international diagnostic protocol. Psychoanalysts fear to promote a biologizing overview of the subject. The body of drive may be losing ground to the body of biology and there is a growing desire to regulate it. However, it is a time of questioning the scientific value of diagnosis in general and in particular of psychoanalytic diagnosis. In Freudian psychoanalysis, diagnosis is not based solely on the phenomena. Therefore, the case of the Wolf Man shows that even the most accurate classifications are insufficient. According to Miller, it is a case of ordinary psychosis. We have resumed the study of the case to show that Freudian diagnosis is based on the theory of the reversed Oedipus. Our hypothesis is that the Wolf Man's virility is pure semblance to hide a passive position, keeping him away from homosexuality. On the eve of its centennial, the reading of the Wolf Man is mandatory in the discussion of current diagnostic quarrels.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Psicoanálisis , Síntomas Conductuales/diagnóstico , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Síntomas Psíquicos , Complejo de Edipo , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicologíaRESUMEN
A querela dos diagnósticos foi reaberta neste momento de reavaliação crítica de um dos mais importantes protocolos diagnósticos internacionais. Esta epidemia classificatória, ao repertoriar as manifestações do sofrimento psíquico, promove uma leitura biologizante do sujeito. O corpo da pulsão perde espaço para o real do corpo na tentativa vã de normatizá-lo. Na psicanálise, o diagnóstico não se baseia apenas nos fenômenos. Por esta razão, num caso como o do Homem dos lobos, mesmo as classificações mais apuradas se mostram insuficientes. Partiremos da diretriz freudiana a respeito do Édipo invertido, avançando a hipótese de que a virilidade do Homem dos lobos é puro semblant para ocultar uma posição apassividada, mantendo-o afastado da homossexualidade. O rigor da sua psicopatologia não evitou que Lacan se embaraçasse com o caso sem jamais contrapor-se ao ponto de vista de Freud. A orientação proposta por Miller, após a Convenção de Antibes, o reclassificou dentro da categoria da psicose ordinária. Às vésperas do seu centenário, a leitura do Homem dos lobos é obrigatória no debate das querelas diagnósticas atuais.
This is a time of critical reappraisal of a major international diagnostic protocol. Psychoanalysts fear to promote a biologizing overview of the subject. The body of drive may be losing ground to the body of biology and there is a growing desire to regulate it. However, it is a time of questioning the scientific value of diagnosis in general and in particular of psychoanalytic diagnosis. In Freudian psychoanalysis, diagnosis is not based solely on the phenomena. Therefore, the case of the Wolf Man shows that even the most accurate classifications are insufficient. According to Miller, it is a case of ordinary psychosis. We have resumed the study of the case to show that Freudian diagnosis is based on the theory of the reversed Oedipus. Our hypothesis is that the Wolf Man's virility is pure semblance to hide a passive position, keeping him away from homosexuality. On the eve of its centennial, the reading of the Wolf Man is mandatory in the discussion of current diagnostic quarrels.
Asunto(s)
Complejo de Edipo , Psicoanálisis , Síntomas Conductuales/diagnóstico , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Síntomas Psíquicos , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicologíaRESUMEN
Historically, organized violence has been a chronic pervasive problem in Haiti. We set out to elicit Haitians' views on its effects to guide the development of interventions. In March 2006 we studied a population in the slum area of Cap-Haitien, Haiti's second largest city, and the nearby towns of Milot and Limbe. A convenience sample of adults was asked to free list all current problems affecting victims of organized violence. Two major categories emerged: psychological problems and financial problems. The psychological problems of "feeling startled and loss of self control," "sadness/grief," "continuing to suffer from reliving/reexperiencing past events," "problems in the head/mental problems," "deep suffering in the heart," and "thinking too much" emerged as themes from key-informant interviews. These may correspond to constructs of depression, dysthymia, and anxiety disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder in psychiatric nosology. The development of effective interventions can therefore consider those known to be effective for these problems in other settings. However in selecting interventions, considerations must also include local acceptability, perceived causes of problems, and their social effects.
Asunto(s)
Violación/psicología , Violencia/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Síntomas Conductuales/etiología , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Depresión/etiología , Depresión/psicología , Femenino , Haití , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Tortura/psicología , Violencia/economíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Psychological tests can be useful to record adaptive and maladaptive behaviours of children with intellectual disability. The objective of this study was to describe the adaptive and maladaptive behaviour of children and adolescents with Cri-du-chat syndrome. METHODS: The sample consisted of 10 children and adolescents with Cri-du-chat syndrome (mean chronological age=11.3 years, mean mental age=18 months). The developmental quotient was calculated through the Psychoeducational Profile - Revised. An observational protocol was used to record adaptive and maladaptive behaviours. RESULTS: The number of maladaptive behaviours observed was different among participants. However, all of them had high rates of adaptive behaviours, such as rule-following. CONCLUSIONS: These results, though preliminary, justify that we continue to think about the need for psychoeducational interventions aimed at stimulating the repertoire of adaptive behaviours, in people with Cri-du-chat syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/complicaciones , Conducta Infantil/clasificación , Desarrollo Infantil/clasificación , Síndrome del Maullido del Gato/psicología , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/clasificación , Adaptación Psicológica , Adolescente , Síntomas Conductuales/clasificación , Síntomas Conductuales/complicaciones , Síntomas Conductuales/psicología , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/clasificación , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Preescolar , Síndrome del Maullido del Gato/complicaciones , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/complicaciones , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/psicología , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicología del Adolescente , Psicología Infantil , Ajuste SocialRESUMEN
O presente estudo propõe analisar os sintomas físicos manifestados na Síndrome de Pânico, enfocando-os não como reações fisiológicas, mas como eles se organizam, psiquicamente, ou seja, como "acontecimento corporal", no sentido tomado por Lacan, ao se referir clínica do real. Isso quer dizer que o sinthoma se utilizará do semblante como tentativa de articular o imaginário ao real. Miller fala sobre um acontecimento de gozo que denuncia a chegada do singular no sinthoma. Trata-se de um segmento da pesquisa psicanalítica desenvolvida para efeito de dissertação de mestrado no Programa de Pó-graduação em Psicologia Clínica da UNICAP, na qual utilizamos fragmentos de um caso clínico de um jovem do sexo masculino, casado, cujo diagnóstico psiquiátrico foi de Síndrome de Pânico, visando investigar as significações metapsicológicas dos sintomas físicos manifestados. Neste artigo, privilegiaremos nossas discussões em torno das significações dadas pelo paciente a seus sintomas corporais, distinguindo-as das manifestações fisiológicas desencadeadas pelo pânico, descritas na síndrome. As representações corporais foram entendidas como uma memória corporal que se manifesta na transferência. Nosso propósito foi mostrar nossa compreensão de como se organiza psiquicamente o acontecimento corporal nesse caso clínico, utilizando o método de interpretações proposto pela psicanálise. Como referencial teórico para discussão dessas questões, tomamos as contribuições freudianas pela ótica de Bastos, e também de autores contemporâneos que tratam do corpo na clínica, como Paul-Laurent Assoun, Piera Aulagnier, Ivanise Fontes e Maria Helena Fernandes. A análise de tais fragmentos revela que é possível identificar, por intermédio do acontecimento de corpo manifesto nos sintomas físicos do pânico, a organização da subjetividade nascente.
This study aims at analysing the physical symptoms manifested in by panic disorder - not only its merely physiological reactions - but also the way they are psychologically organized, that is to say, "the corporal demeanour" as viewed by Lacan, when referring to the clinic of real in the sinthome will make use of the semblance in an attempt to articulate the imaginary to the real. Millers refers to a jouissance which reveals the arrival of the singular into the sinthome. It is a segment of the psychoanalytic research, - carried out as master of Arts, Dissertation in the Graduate Program on Clinical Psychology at UNICAP - on which we will use fragments of a clinical case young man, married, whose psychiatric diagnosis is Panic Disorder. Our purpose is to search metapsychological meanings and the patient in relation to his corporal symptoms, by means of distinction between such meanings and the physiological manifestations caused by panic, described on the disorder. The corporal representations will be taken as a corporal memory that is revealed on the disorder. The corporal representations will be taken as a corporal memory that is revealed on the transfer. Our aims is to comprehend, with the analysis of the fragments of the studied case, how the corporal demeanour organizes itself psychologically, by means of the interpretation method suggested by psychoanalysis. As theoretical basis for discussion of such issues, we will consider Freud's ideas, according to Basto's view as well as contemporary authors who treat the body in clinic, like Paul-Laurent Assoun, Piera Aulagnier, Ivanise Fontes and Maria Helena Fernandes. The analysis of the fragments indicates that it is possible to identify the organization of the rising subjectiveness thorough body demeanor - present in the physical symptoms of panic.