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BACKGROUND: Alexithymia, characterized by difficulty identifying and expressing emotions, is often associated with various psychiatric disorders, including personality disorders (PDs). This study aimed to explore the relationship between alexithymia and PD, focusing on their common origins and implications for treatment. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were studies assessing adults with DSM-5-diagnosed personality disorders using validated alexithymia scales. The NewcastleâOttawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS: From an initial yield of 2434 citations, 20 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate a significant association between alexithymia and personality disorders, particularly within Clusters B and C. Patients with these disorders exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, which correlated with increased emotional dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties. The review also highlighted the comorbidity burden of conditions such as psychosomatic disorders, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, suicidal behavior, and substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the need for integrating alexithymia-focused assessments into clinical practice to enhance therapeutic approaches, allowing for more personalized and effective interventions. Addressing the emotional processing challenges in patients with personality disorders could significantly improve patient outcomes. Future research should prioritize establishing clinical guidelines and conducting longitudinal studies to explore the relationship between alexithymia and specific personality disorder subtypes, ensuring the practical translation of these findings into clinical practice.
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Síntomas Afectivos , Trastornos de la Personalidad , Humanos , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/complicaciones , ComorbilidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Alexithymia is considered as a reduced capacity to be aware of, to clearly recognize, and to define one's feelings with a limited fantasy and a concrete, externally oriented cognitive style. Some studies have stated that alexithymia is more common in systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE) than in general population but there is a paucity of studies in such context. AIM: To study the prevalence of alexithymia in a sample of SLE patients looking for associated epidemiological and clinical findings and its relationship to quality of life. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 93 SLE patients collecting clinical, epidemiological, and serological data, data on quality of life by 12 item short health survey (SF-12), and alexithymia by Toronto scale (TAS-26). Disease's cumulative damage was measured by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage index. RESULTS: In this sample (90.3% females and median age of 46 years), 55.9% had alexithymia; 22/92 (23.9%) did not and 19/93 (20.4%) had inconclusive results. Alexithymia presence had a positive association with age (p = 0.01) and a negative association with presence of glomerulonephritis (25% vs 59%; p = 0.005) and glucocorticoid use (19.2% vs 59.0%; p = 0.0007). A negative correlation of TAS-26 was observed with mental domain of (r = -0.46; p < 0.0001) and physical domain (r = -0.32; p = 0.004) of SF-12, but not with cumulative damage index. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of alexithymia in this sample of SLE patients that negatively associated with quality of life, but not with cumulative damage index.
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Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Calidad de Vida , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/epidemiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/psicología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between leisure screen time and emotional and behavioral problems in Spanish children aged 4-14 years. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study used a representative sample of children aged 4-14 years included in the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey (n = 4073). Emotional and behavioral problems of children were assessed through the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Daily leisure screen time in minutes was categorized as 0-59, 60-119, 120-179, and ≥180. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and their 95% CIs of being at risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems. Associations were adjusted for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Children spending 180 minutes or more of daily leisure screen time compared with children spending less than 1 hour were more likely to be at risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems: aPR≥180: 2.19 (95% CI 1.53-3.14), emotional symptomology: aPR≥180: 2.09 (95% CI 1.37-3.18), conduct problems aPR≥180: 1.85 (95% CI 1.34-2.54), peer problems aPR≥180: 1.78 (95% CI 1.15-2.75), and to behave less prosocially: aPR≥180: 2.20 (95% CI 1.43-3.37). CONCLUSIONS: We have found significant associations between daily leisure screen time and emotional and behavioral problems in Spanish children between 6 and 14 years of age. However, these findings should be confirmed in cohort studies, so institutions might consider including screen time as a new risk factor for children.
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Síntomas Afectivos/etiología , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/etiología , Actividades Recreativas/psicología , Problema de Conducta/psicología , Tiempo de Pantalla , Adolescente , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , EspañaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the occurrence of alexithymia in obese adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 102 obese adolescents. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric data (alexithymia and binge eating) were analyzed The Brazilian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Binge Eating Scale were used for psychometric data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, linear regression, and logistic regression. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: A 22% occurrence of alexithymia was observed. Considering the category "possible alexithymia", half of the participants presented some alexithymic behavior. Adolescents with alexithymia had higher binge eating scores (alexithymia 16,2 versus possible alexithymia 11,7 versus no alexithymia 8,5; ANOVA p < 0,0005) and three times more binge eating behavior than adolescents with no alexithymia or possible alexithymia (alexithymia 36.4% versus 17.2% possible alexithymia versus 11.8% no alexithymia; chi-square = 6,2, p = 0.04). In simple linear regression, alexithymia scores were positively associated with binge eating scores (r2 = 0,4; p = 0,002). Binary logistic regression showed a three times higher probability of an adolescent with severe obesity to meet the criteria for alexithymia. CONCLUSIONS: There was a 22% occurrence of alexithymia in obese adolescents. It was positively associated with obesity severity and higher binge eating scores, suggesting a relationship between severe obesity, alexithymia, and binge eating behavior.
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Trastorno por Atracón , Obesidad Mórbida , Obesidad Infantil , Adolescente , Síntomas Afectivos/complicaciones , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Trastorno por Atracón/complicaciones , Trastorno por Atracón/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria , Humanos , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración PsiquiátricaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Alexithymia is the difficulty in identifying and describing feelings. Several studies have suggested that chronic pain can be linked to alexithymia. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of alexithymia in a sample of Mexican individuals who attended public health services, to assess if alexithymia is higher in medically ill individuals with pain than in those without pain, and to determine which alexithymia dimensions are more affected by the presence of pain. METHODS: Demographic and clinical features were evaluated in 250 Mexican outpatients of the General Hospital of Comalcalco, Tabasco. Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain Assessment (VAS-P) and alexithymia was evaluated using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). RESULTS: 38.8% of the sample was identified with probable/definite alexithymia and up to 61.2% of individuals were currently experiencing pain. Individuals with pain exhibited higher scores in the TAS-20 dimensions: difficulty describing feelings (p = 0.02), difficulty identifying feelings (p < 0.001) and higher total TAS-20 score (p < 0.001). Also, Probable/definite alexithymia was more frequently reported in individuals with pain (49% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that a large proportion of individuals who attend public health services in a Mexican population present pain. We also identified that pain could be associated with alexithymia, in particular with a difficulty in describing and identifying feelings. An early identification and treatment of alexithymia could help in reducing the clinical burden of chronic pain in Mexican outpatients.
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Síntomas Afectivos , Dolor Crónico , Síntomas Afectivos/diagnóstico , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Emociones , Humanos , Pacientes AmbulatoriosRESUMEN
Abstract Objective Changes in bleeding patterns could influence the decisions of healthcare professionals to change the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) before 7 years of use, the recommended period of extended use. We evaluated changes in the bleeding patterns of users of the 52 mg LNG-IUS at the end of use of the first (IUS-1) and during the second device (IUS-2) use. Methods We performed an audit of the medical records of all women who used two consecutive LNG-IUSs at the Family Planning clinic. We evaluated the sociodemographic/gynecological variables, the length of use, and the bleeding patterns reported in the reference periods of 90 days before removal of the IUS-1 and at the last return in use of IUS-2. We used the McNemar test to compare bleeding patterns. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Results We evaluated 301 women aged (mean ± SD) 32 (±6.1) years, with lengths of use of 68.9 (±16.8) and 20.3 (±16.7) months for the IUS-1 and IUS-2, respectively. No pregnancies were reported. Bleeding patterns varied significantly among women who used the IUS-2 for ≥ 7 months to 6 years when compared the bleeding patterns reported in IUS-1 use. Eighty-nine out of 221 (40%) women maintained amenorrhea and infrequent bleeding; 66 (30%) evolved to bleeding patterns with light flow, and 66 (30%) maintained or evolved to heavy flow patterns (p = 0.012). No differences were observed among the 80 women with ≤ 6 months of use. Conclusion Changes in bleeding patterns occur during the use of LNG-IUS and should not be decisive for the early replacement of the device.
Resumo Objetivo Variações no padrão de sangramento podem afetar a decisão de troca do sistema intrauterino de levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG) antes do período de uso estendido recomendado de 7 anos. Nós avaliamos mudanças no padrão de sangramento de usuárias ao final do uso do primeiro SIU-LNG 52 mg (SIU-1) e durante o uso do segundo dispositivo (SIU-2). Métodos Revisamos os prontuários de todas as mulheres que inseriram consecutivamente o SIU-LNG no ambulatório de Planejamento Familiar. Foram avaliadas as variáveis sociodemográficas/ginecológicas, o tempo de uso, e os padrões de sangramento relatados nos períodos de referência de 90 dias antes da remoção do SIU-1 e no último retorno em uso do SIU-2. Usamos o teste de McNemar para comparar os padrões de sangramento. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados Analisamos os dados de 301 mulheres com idade (média ± desvio padrão [DP]) de 32 (±6,1) anos e tempo de uso de 68,9 (±16,8) e 20,3 (±16,7) meses para o SIU-1 e SIU-2, respectivamente. Nenhuma gravidez foi relatada. Os padrões de sangramento variaram significativamente durante o uso do SIU-2 (≥ 7 meses a 6 anos) em relação ao padrão relatado no SIU-1. Oitenta e nove das 221 (40%) mulheres mantiveram amenorreia e sangramento infrequente; 66 (30%) evoluíram para padrões de sangramento com fluxo leve e 66 (30%) mantiveram ou evoluíram para padrões de fluxo intenso (p = 0,012). Não foram observadas diferenças entre as 80 mulheres que utilizavam o SIU-2 há ≤ 6 meses. Conclusão Mudanças nos padrões de sangramento ocorrem durante o uso do LNG-IUS e não devem ser decisivas para a troca precoce do dispositivo.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Levonorgestrel/administración & dosificación , Levonorgestrel/efectos adversos , Levonorgestrel/uso terapéutico , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/administración & dosificación , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/efectos adversos , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/uso terapéutico , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Dispositivos Intrauterinos Medicados/efectos adversos , Dispositivos Intrauterinos Medicados/estadística & datos numéricos , Menstruación/fisiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Auditoría MédicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported that there is an association between developmental and emotional/behavioural problems in children exposed to acetaminophen during foetal development. However, few studies have focused on development and behavioural outcomes in early life. OBJECTIVES: To test the association between prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and low neurodevelopmental performance at 24 months and behavioural/emotional problems at 48 months of life. METHODS: We used data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, a population-based longitudinal prospective study. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 24 months using Battelle's Developmental Inventory (BDI) (n = 3737). We assessed global function as well as each domain (personal-social, adaptative, motor, cognitive, and communication). Behavioural/emotional problems were assessed at 48 months using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) (n = 3624). We used the CBCL total, externalising, and internalising symptomatology and individual subscales (withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, cognitive problems, attention problems, aggressive behaviour, and rule-breaking behaviour). Acetaminophen use during pregnancy was retrospectively assessed at the perinatal follow-up. Poisson regression and multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the association, adjusting for several family and maternal sociodemographic and health factors, medication use during pregnancy, and the sex of the child. RESULTS: Acetaminophen exposure during prenatal development was not associated with low neurodevelopmental performance at 24 months assessed using the BDI or to emotional and behavioural problems assessed at 48 months using the CBCL in the adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS: We cannot confirm the existence of an association between acetaminophen used during pregnancy and low neurodevelopmental performance at 24 months and emotional/behavioural problems at 48 months of life based on the present results.
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Acetaminofén , Conducta Infantil/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Trimestres del Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Acetaminofén/efectos adversos , Acetaminofén/uso terapéutico , Síntomas Afectivos/diagnóstico , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/uso terapéutico , Brasil/epidemiología , Desarrollo Infantil/efectos de los fármacos , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Regulación Emocional , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/epidemiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/psicología , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/diagnóstico , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Problema de Conducta/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the emotional repercussions and quality of life (QOL) associated with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and adolescents undergoing hemodialysis or a kidney transplant (TX). METHODS: We conducted a quantitative-qualitative study. 48 children and adolescents with ESKD were interviewed; half of them underwent hemodialysis treatment, and the other half had a kidney transplantation. Their respective 48 caregivers also participated in the study. The questionnaire involved both the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and a thematic story-drawing tool. An analysis of the QOL questionnaire's results was done by comparing the sum of points between groups and the theme-based story-drawing consisted of interpreting the data contained in the material using Freudian and Lacanian theories. RESULTS: In the QOL questionnaires, the total score was higher in the transplanted patients and in their caregivers, suggesting a perception of better QOL after kidney transplantation. In the specific aspects of the questionnaire, physical capacity was considered superior by children who underwent transplants and their caregivers. There were no differences between the groups in the emotional, social and school aspects. However, the caregivers of the patients who had a transplant perceived a significant difference in QOL in the school aspect. In the thematic story-drawings, emotional suffering in the two analyzed groups was evidenced regardless of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the questionnaire results suggesting that transplantation does improve some aspects of QOL, there were no differences observed between kidney replacement therapies regarding the emotional repercussion of chronic kidney disease.
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Cuidadores/psicología , Fallo Renal Crónico/psicología , Trasplante de Riñón/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Diálisis Renal/psicología , Adolescente , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/epidemiología , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Masculino , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the emotional repercussions and quality of life (QOL) associated with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and adolescents undergoing hemodialysis or a kidney transplant (TX). Methods: We conducted a quantitative-qualitative study. 48 children and adolescents with ESKD were interviewed; half of them underwent hemodialysis treatment, and the other half had a kidney transplantation. Their respective 48 caregivers also participated in the study. The questionnaire involved both the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and a thematic story-drawing tool. An analysis of the QOL questionnaire's results was done by comparing the sum of points between groups and the theme-based story-drawing consisted of interpreting the data contained in the material using Freudian and Lacanian theories. Results: In the QOL questionnaires, the total score was higher in the transplanted patients and in their caregivers, suggesting a perception of better QOL after kidney transplantation. In the specific aspects of the questionnaire, physical capacity was considered superior by children who underwent transplants and their caregivers. There were no differences between the groups in the emotional, social and school aspects. However, the caregivers of the patients who had a transplant perceived a significant difference in QOL in the school aspect. In the thematic story-drawings, emotional suffering in the two analyzed groups was evidenced regardless of the treatment. Conclusions: Despite the questionnaire results suggesting that transplantation does improve some aspects of QOL, there were no differences observed between kidney replacement therapies regarding the emotional repercussion of chronic kidney disease.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar as repercussões emocionais e a qualidade de vida (QV) associadas à doença renal crônica em crianças e adolescentes submetidos à hemodiálise ou ao transplante renal. Métodos: Foram entrevistadas 48 crianças e adolescentes com doença renal crônica, metade dos quais submetidos ao tratamento hemodialítico, e a outra metade, ao transplante renal. Os 48 respectivos cuidadores também participaram da pesquisa. Utilizou-se o questionário de QV Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory e o instrumento de desenho-estória com tema. A análise dos resultados do questionário de QV foi feita pela somatória dos pontos e a dos desenhos-estórias com tema consistiu na interpretação dos dados do material, utilizando as teorias freudiana e lacaniana. Resultados: Nos questionários de QV, a pontuação total foi superior na opinião dos pacientes transplantados e seus cuidadores, indicando percepção de melhor QV após o transplante renal. Nos aspectos específicos, a capacidade física também foi considerada superior por esse grupo. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos de pacientes nos aspectos emocional, social e escolar, porém os cuidadores dos pacientes transplantados notaram diferença na QV no aspecto escolar. Nos desenhos-estórias com tema, observou-se que o sofrimento emocional foi evidenciado nos dois grupos estudados. Conclusões: Não foram percebidas diferenças entre as terapêuticas renais substitutivas quanto às repercussões emocionais da doença renal crônica. Por outro lado, verificou-se que o transplante melhora a QV no aspecto geral.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Resistencia Física , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Diálisis Renal/psicología , Trasplante de Riñón/psicología , Cuidadores/psicología , Fallo Renal Crónico/psicología , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Fallo Renal Crónico/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Mental health assessment in childhood needs to be carried out within a broader context that includes different factors. Objective To assess the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in schoolchildren and associated factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with a school-based sample at 20 schools selected by systematic random sampling. Participants consisted of children aged 7-8 year old and their parents or primary caregivers. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for the presence of emotional and behavioral problems in children. Results A total of 596 dyads were evaluated. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 30.0% among boys and 28.2% among girls. Hyperactivity/inattention were more prevalent among boys (p=0.015). Belonging to economically disadvantaged strata increased the likelihood of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren by 71% (p=0.001), while having parents or caregivers with mental disorder increased by 2.2 times that probability (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren, as well as the influence of economic conditions and of the mental health of parents and caregivers on child mental health.
Resumo Introdução A avaliação da saúde mental na infância necessita ser realizada dentro de um contexto amplo que considere os diferentes fatores envolvidos. Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de problemas emocionais e comportamentais em escolares, bem como fatores associados. Método Estudo transversal, com amostra de base escolar em que foram selecionadas 20 escolas por amostragem aleatória sistemática. Participaram crianças com 7-8 anos e seus pais ou principais cuidadores. A presença de problemas emocionais e comportamentais nas crianças foi rastreada pelo Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Resultados Foram avaliadas 596 díades. A prevalência de problemas emocionais e comportamentais foi de 30,0% entre os meninos e 28,2% entre as meninas. Sintomas de hiperatividade/desatenção foram mais prevalentes entre meninos (p=0,015). Pertencer a camadas menos favorecidas economicamente aumentou em 71% a probabilidade de problemas emocionais e comportamentais entre os escolares (p=0,001), enquanto ter pais ou cuidadores com transtorno mental aumentou 2,2 vezes tal probabilidade (p<0,001). Conclusões: Nossos achados demonstram a elevada prevalência de problemas emocionais e comportamentais entre escolares, bem como a influência das condições econômicas e da saúde mental de pais e cuidadores sobre a saúde mental infantil.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Emociones/fisiología , Instituciones Académicas , Brasil/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Salud Mental , Salud Infantil , Estudios Transversales , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Conmoción Encefálica/diagnóstico , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud/métodos , Síntomas Afectivos/fisiopatología , Pronóstico , Conmoción Encefálica/epidemiología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Factores de Edad , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Escala de Consecuencias de Glasgow , Educación , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Países Bajos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Mental health assessment in childhood needs to be carried out within a broader context that includes different factors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in schoolchildren and associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a school-based sample at 20 schools selected by systematic random sampling. Participants consisted of children aged 7-8 year old and their parents or primary caregivers. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to screen for the presence of emotional and behavioral problems in children. RESULTS: A total of 596 dyads were evaluated. The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems was 30.0% among boys and 28.2% among girls. Hyperactivity/inattention were more prevalent among boys (p=0.015). Belonging to economically disadvantaged strata increased the likelihood of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren by 71% (p=0.001), while having parents or caregivers with mental disorder increased by 2.2 times that probability (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among schoolchildren, as well as the influence of economic conditions and of the mental health of parents and caregivers on child mental health.
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Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Emociones/fisiología , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Salud Infantil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Mental , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The inability to identify, express feelings, and not distinguish between emotions and bodily sensations, is known as alexithymia. In 1988, it developed The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), consists of 20 items and three factors: a) difficulty of identifying feelings and differences between feelings and bodily sensations; b) difficulty of describing feelings; and c) externally oriented thinking. It's considered that people with eating disorders have specific deficits in identify and communicate their feelings. OBJECTIVE: The present study has as purpose to the instrument validation. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study and psychometric character design of a single sample, formed of 435 persons suffering eating disorder (ED), with an age range of 12-68 years, of which 91% were women and 9% were men. To obtain the reliability of the instrument, applies internal consistency test, which resulted in an alpha of 0.89, then applied a factor analysis of principals components with oblimin rotation. RESULTS: According to statistical analysis, were eliminated six items, so the scale finished with 14 items, and to analyze it observed that these items correspond with the two main factors of the original scale. The ED patients present alexithymia. DISCUSSION: The scale satisfies the criteria of validity necessary for use in this population.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La incapacidad para identificar y expresar sentimientos, y no distinguir entre las emociones y las sensaciones corporales, se conoce como alexitimia. En 1988 se desarrolló la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20), que está conformada por 20 reactivos y tres factores: a) dificultad para identificar los sentimientos y las diferencias entre sentimientos y sensaciones corporales; b) dificultad para describir sentimientos; y c) pensamiento orientado externamente. Se considera que las personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) tienen déficits específicos en la identificación y la comunicación de sus sentimientos. OBJETIVO: Realizar la validación de dicho instrumento. MÉTODO: Estudio de tipo transversal y de carácter psicométrico con diseño de una sola muestra, conformada por 435 personas con diagnóstico de TCA, con un rango de edad de 12 a 68 años, de las cuales el 91% eran mujeres y el 9% eran hombres. Para obtener la confiabilidad del instrumento se aplicó una prueba de consistencia interna, que dio como resultado un alfa de 0.89; posteriormente se hizo un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación oblimin. RESULTADOS: De acuerdo con el análisis estadístico, se eliminaron seis reactivos, de tal forma que la escala finalizó con 14 reactivos, y al analizarlos se observó que concordaban con los dos factores principales de la escala original. Las pacientes con TCA presentan alexitimia. DISCUSIÓN: La escala satisface los criterios de validez necesarios para ser utilizada en dicha población.
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Síntomas Afectivos/complicaciones , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Síntomas Afectivos/diagnóstico , Anciano , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The present study aimed to verify the association between maternal depression and emotional and behavioral problems in school children in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, considering that maternal depression increases children's vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders. This is a cross-sectional study with a school-based sample conducted between August 2015 and November 2016 and it is part of a major project entitled 'Healthy Childhood in Context: A Multidisciplinary Investigation'. Schoolchildren aged between 7 and 8 years and one of their respective parents or a primary caregiver were included in the study. Maternal depression was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The presence of emotional and behavioral problems in children was verified by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) - parents version. Children of depressed mothers exhibited higher mean scores in all SDQ domains and in the total score when compared to children of non-depressed mothers. Lower socio-economic status was also associated with higher SDQ scores. Our results showed the effects of both maternal depression and poverty on children emotional and behavioral problems, which evidence the need for child mental health preventive care, and free quality assistance for both mothers and their children.
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Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Conducta Infantil , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Problema de Conducta , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies have consistently reported that prenatal exposure to acetaminophen can to lead to an increased risk of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder during childhood. This study aimed to investigate the association between intrauterine exposure to acetaminophen and the presence of emotional and behavioral problems at the ages of 6 and 11 years in a low-middle income country. METHODS: We performed a prospective longitudinal population-based study using data from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort. From the 4231 initial cohort participants, 3722 and 3566 children were assessed at 6 and 11 years of age, respectively. The outcomes were assessed using the parent version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The cut-off points established for the Brazilian population were used to categorize the outcomes. Crude and adjusted odds ratio were obtained through logistic regression. RESULTS: Acetaminophen was used by 27.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.1-28.9) of the mothers at least once during pregnancy. The prevalence of emotional problems at 6 and 11 years was 13.6 and 19.9%, respectively. For hyperactivity problems, prevalence was 13.9 and 16.1%, respectively. Intrauterine exposure to acetaminophen increased the odds of having emotional (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07-2.02) and hyperactivity/inattention (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.06-1.92) problems in 6-year-old boys. At the age of 11, a small decrease in the effect was observed for both outcomes after adjustment: OR = 1.31 (95% CI: 0.99-1.73) for emotional problems and OR = 1.25 (95% CI: 0.95-1.65) for hyperactivity/inattention in boys. No association for any phenotypes at both ages was observed for girls. CONCLUSION: The effect of intrauterine exposure to acetaminophen in emotional and hyperactivity symptoms was dependent on sex in a Brazilian cohort. While it seemed to be important for boys, mainly at 6 years of age, for girls, no association was observed.
Asunto(s)
Acetaminofén/efectos adversos , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Hipercinesia/epidemiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Renta , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a broad term describing the full spectrum of disorders in any of the stages of bladder function-storage or voiding LUTD is a clinical condition associated with emotional and behavioral disorders in children. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of emotional and behavioral symptoms and their impact on the quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with LUTD. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients and their parents enrolled in an interdisciplinary program for children and adolescents with LUTD were included in the analysis. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to estimate the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems through the assessment of 14 items. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (versions for parents and children) was applied in the versions for parents and children to evaluate the QoL. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-PedsQL, version 4.0-was applied separately for parents and patients. The association of clinical variables and aspects related to QoL of patients were evaluated through non-parametric correlations (Spearman) and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: According to CBCL's clinical scores, 56% of the patients showed total behavioral problems, 55% internalizing, and 38% externalizing. When comparing the conditions of LUTD and the CBCL scores, patients with voiding postponement had the lowest rates of total problems (P = 0.036). Children and adolescents with LUTD who also had enuresis showed a higher frequency of externalizing problems (P = 0.001), especially aggressive behavior (P = 0.013). Scores of patients with LUTD were significantly lower in all domains of QoL than normative data. Presence of behavioral problems was associated with worse QoL in all evaluated aspects. The total QoL was most influenced by the CBCL school competence scale according to the regression model analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest the relevance of evaluation of behavioral and social repercussions of LUTD to improve the multidisciplinary approach for this condition in pediatric population.
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Síntomas Afectivos/etiología , Síntomas Conductuales/etiología , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/complicaciones , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Síntomas Conductuales/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Introduction: The inability to identify, express feelings, and not distinguish between emotions and bodily sensations, is known as alexithymia. In 1988, it developed The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), consists of 20 items and three factors: a) difficulty of identifying feelings and differences between feelings and bodily sensations; b) difficulty of describing feelings; and c) externally oriented thinking. It's considered that people with eating disorders have specific deficits in identify and communicate their feelings. Objective: The present study has as purpose to the instrument validation. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study and psychometric character design of a single sample, formed of 435 persons suffering eating disorder (ED), with an age range of 12-68 years, of which 91% were women and 9% were men. To obtain the reliability of the instrument, applies internal consistency test, which resulted in an alpha of 0.89, then applied a factor analysis of principals components with oblimin rotation. Results: According to statistical analysis, were eliminated six items, so the scale finished with 14 items, and to analyze it observed that these items correspond with the two main factors of the original scale. The ED patients present alexithymia. Discussion: The scale satisfies the criteria of validity necessary for use in this population.
Introducción: La incapacidad para identificar y expresar sentimientos, y no distinguir entre las emociones y las sensaciones corporales, se conoce como alexitimia. En 1988 se desarrolló la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (TAS-20), que está conformada por 20 reactivos y tres factores: a) dificultad para identificar los sentimientos y las diferencias entre sentimientos y sensaciones corporales; b) dificultad para describir sentimientos; y c) pensamiento orientado externamente. Se considera que las personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) tienen déficits específicos en la identificación y la comunicación de sus sentimientos. Objetivo: Realizar la validación de dicho instrumento. Método: Estudio de tipo transversal y de carácter psicométrico con diseño de una sola muestra, conformada por 435 personas con diagnóstico de TCA, con un rango de edad de 12 a 68 años, de las cuales el 91% eran mujeres y el 9% eran hombres. Para obtener la confiabilidad del instrumento se aplicó una prueba de consistencia interna, que dio como resultado un alfa de 0.89; posteriormente se hizo un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación oblimin. Resultados: De acuerdo con el análisis estadístico, se eliminaron seis reactivos, de tal forma que la escala finalizó con 14 reactivos, y al analizarlos se observó que concordaban con los dos factores principales de la escala original. Las pacientes con TCA presentan alexitimia. Discusión: La escala satisface los criterios de validez necesarios para ser utilizada en dicha población.
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Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Barreras de Comunicación , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Análisis de Componente Principal , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensación , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the psychological aspects and psychiatric disorders (PDs) in patients dually diagnosed with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS) with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) treated in a tertiary center in order to find any gender differences in psychiatric, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics. METHOD: Psychiatric assessment was performed through the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Disorders - 5th edition (DSM-5). The Brazilian versions of the Medical Outcomes Study 36 (SF-36), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), and Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) were applied. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients enrolled (25 females; 53.2%), females were significantly more likely to have a history of previous psychiatric treatment (P=0.02), family history of epilepsy (P=0.01), and family history of PD (P=0.03). They also presented earlier onset of PNES (P=0.01) and higher PNES duration (P=0.02) compared with males. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was the most frequent PD (24; 51.0%). Females presented more psychiatric diagnoses (P<0.001), more diagnoses of MDD (P<0.001), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (P<0.001). Several differences regarding quality of life, levels of alexithymia, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and coping strategies were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant gender differences in psychiatric, clinical, and sociodemographic aspects in a group of patients with TLE-MTS and PNES, as well as in quality of life, levels of alexithymia, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and coping strategies. These gender differences suggest that specific approaches might be adopted depending on the patient's gender and, consequently, their distinct psychological/psychiatric profile.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Epilepsia Refractaria/epidemiología , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/epidemiología , Convulsiones/epidemiología , Caracteres Sexuales , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Adulto , Síntomas Afectivos/diagnóstico , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Epilepsia Refractaria/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Refractaria/psicología , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Convulsiones/diagnóstico , Convulsiones/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introducción: el dolor y su relación con los estados emocionales ha sido reconocido en el mundo científico, aunque hay carencia de estudios cualitativos en los ancianos latinoamericanos desde sus vivencias. Objetivo: caracterizar el dolor y los estados de ansiedad y depresión en mayores con dolor osteoarticular y, en específico, identificar las características clínicas del dolor osteoarticular, evaluar los estados de ansiedad y depresión y describir desde las vivencias los estados emocionales. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, mixto, en 55 ancianos del Policlínico René Bedia, La Habana, de uno y otro sexo, voluntarios, con dolor osteoarticular crónico y en el mes de investigados, seleccionados de manera intencional, Se les aplicó: Cuestionario Multidimensional para la Evaluación Psicológica del Dolor, versión del Cuestionario de Dolor de McGill, IDARE Estado, IDERE Estado y entrevista semi-estructurada elaborada para estos fines. Se realizó la estadística descriptiva, se crearon categorías de contenidos para el análisis cualitativo. Resultados: Las características del dolor osteoarticular fueron: frecuencia de casi todos los días y algunas veces al mes, intensidad fuerte, molesto, en zonas extendidas del cuerpo y niveles altos de ansiedad y depresión, con predominio de esta última. En el momento del dolor, los ancianos refirieron sentir: limitaciones por el mismo, síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, tales como: taquicardia, tensión, alteración, sentimientos de tristeza, llanto, cansancio y falta de deseos para hacer las cosas. Conclusiones: Se pudo caracterizar el dolor y los estados emocionales de los ancianos con dolor osteoarticular desde sus vivencias, lo que posibilitó un mejor abordaje psicoterapéutico de los mismos(AU)
Introduction: Pain and its relation to anxiety states have been recognized in the scientific world, although qualitative studies in Latin American older adults taking into account their experiences are limited. Objective: Characterize pain and anxiety and depression states in older adults with Osteoarticular pain, and specifically to identify the clinical characteristics of Osteoarticular pain; assess the anxiety and depression states, and describe emotional states from their experiences.Method: Mixed cross-sectional descriptive study in 55 older adults from René Bedia polyclinic, in Havana, both sex, volunteers, with chronic Osteoarticular pain during the month of research, who were selected intentionally. They were applied: Multidimensional Questionnaire for the Psychological Assessment of Pain, a version of McGill Questionnaire on pain, IDARE State, IDERE State and a semi-structured interview devised for these purposes. Descriptive statistics was used, and content categories were created for the quantitative analysis. Results: The characteristics of the Osteoarticular pain were: almost daily frequency, and sometimes a month, severe intensity, uncomfortable, in several parts of the body, and high levels of anxiety and depression, being the latter predominant. When they had pain, older adults felt: limitations due to pain, anxiety and depression symptoms such as tachycardia, tension, mood alteration, feelings of sorrow, crying, tiredness, and lack of desire to do things. Conclusions: Pain and emotional states in older adults with Osteoarticular pain, taking into account their experiences could be characterized. This contributes to a better psychotherapeutic approach of them(AU)