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The main objective of this in vivo study was to investigate the effect of different low-level laser therapy (LLLT) doses on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the present experimental study, a single dosage of estradiol valerate (EV) was administered to induce PCOS in female rats. After administration of the EV for induction of PCOS, rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group): C group (animals that were not exposed to any form of procedure), PC group (no treatment following EV induction), L1 group (1 J/cm2 LLLT treatment following EV induction), L2 group (2 J/cm2 LLLT treatment following EV induction), L3 group (6 J/cm2 LLLT treatment following EV induction). The results indicated that no significant difference was found in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone (P4) between the C and L2 groups (p < 0.05). Although the serum levels of testosterone (T) were significantly higher in the C group compared with other groups (p < 0.05), the L2 group was determined to be the closest to the C group. Additionally, the LH, FSH, and T receptor level of the L2 group was closest to the C group. In conclusion, a 2 J/cm2 dosage of LLLT (L2 group) can be considered the most potentially effective treatment of PCOS in the rat. However, more studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of LLLT for the treatment of PCOS.

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BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common complex endocrine disorder affecting approximately 2-20% of reproductive aged females. Tumour Treating Fields (100-300 kHz) is a recent innovative, non-invasive therapeutic approach to cancer therapy. This frequency as an alternative therapy for the management of polycystic ovaries has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVES: To explore the effect of full-body exposure of 150 kHz Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), on the development of polycystic ovaries in an estradiol valerate-induced PCO rat model. METHOD: Twenty-one female adult rats were divided into three groups (n = 7 each): control, Estradiol Valerate (EV) and EV + EMR groups. The EV + EMR group was subjected to full body exposure at 150 kHz EMR continuously for eight consecutive weeks. Estradiol valerate was administered orally to induce polycystic ovaries in EV and EV + EMR groups. Body and ovarian weights were recorded and analysed. The regularity of the estrous cycle was assessed in all three groups. The histological study of ovarian tissue was carried out by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The serum concentration levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured using the ELISA method. RESULTS: The body and ovary weights did not differ significantly between the EV and EV + EMR groups. The estrous cycle was found to be irregular in both the EV and EV + EMR groups. Ovarian histology revealed near normal morphology with little or no degenerative and morphological changes in developing follicles in the exposed group. Histometrical analysis showed an increased number of developing follicles and a significant reduction in the number and size of follicular cysts (p < 0.05) in the EV + EMR group. Hormonal analysis revealed no significant difference in the testosterone and FSH levels between the EV + EMR and EV groups. However, the LH, LH/FSH ratio decreased significantly in the EV + EMR group compares to the EV group. CONCLUSION: The 150 kHz EMR appear to have little or no degenerative and morphological changes in the developing follicles, an increased number of typical developing follicles and a significant reduction in the number and size of the follicular cysts (p < 0.05).

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Follicular cystic ovary disease is a common reproductive disorder in women and females of domestic animals, characterized by anovulation and the persistence of follicle is a common cause of reproductive failure in mammalian. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA), chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries, and it is a common reproductive endocrine disease with clinical manifestations including hirsutism, acne, infertility and obesity that can affect 5-20% of women in their reproductive age. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been investigated and used in clinical practice, related to biomodulatory influences on cellular functions in animals and humans, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we include endocrine and reproductive features in a rat model for PCOS and the effects of PBM on ovarian activities. Forty-five adult female Wistar rats PCOS-induced by a single dose of the estradiol valerate (EV) were used in the study. After the EV injection for PCO induction, rats were divided into 9 groups (n = 5/group) named C30, C45 and C60 (Control group), S30, S45 and S60 (PCO group) and L30, L45 and L60 (PCO/Laser group). The rats were irradiated with laser 3 times/week. The results shown that EV PCO-induced rats had increased body mass, reduced ovary mass, and reduced GSI. The plasma levels of P4 and T were increased, and the LH plasma level was decreased by PBM stimulation. The number of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum were increased, and the number of ovarian cysts was decreased by PBM stimulation. Thus, reproductive and endocrine characteristics were modulated by PBM.

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BACKGROUND: Facial hirsutism is one of the characteristic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and this can lead to high levels of depression and anxiety. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of laser treatment on the severity of facial hirsutism and on psychological morbidity in women with PCOS. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of five high-fluence treatments (intervention) vs. five low-fluence treatments (control) was performed over 6 months in a National Health Service teaching hospital. Subjects were 88 women with facial hirsutism due to PCOS recruited from hospital outpatient clinics and a patient support group in 2001-2002. The main outcomes were self-reported severity of facial hair (measured on a scale of 1-10), depression, anxiety (measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life (measured on the WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: Self-reported severity of facial hair in the intervention group (n = 51) fell from 7.3 to 3.6 over the 6-month study period; for the control group (n = 37) the corresponding scores were 7.1 and 6.1. The change was significantly greater in the intervention group [ancova F((1,83)) = 24.5, P < 0.05]. Self-reported time spent on hair removal declined from 112 to 21 min per week in the intervention group and from 92 to 56 min in the control group [F((1,80)) = 10.2, P

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BACKGROUND: Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (MMMTs) are uncommon, highly aggressive tumors of the uterus composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, both likely to be derived from the same original stem cell. There is a strong association between endometrial adenocarcinoma and polycystic ovary disease. However, only two cases of MMMT occurring in women with polycystic ovaries have been reported. CASE: A 36-year-old woman with polycystic ovary disease developed an MMMT of the endometrium. CONCLUSION: Some cases of MMMT may be estrogen related.

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Effect of extracorporeal UV irradiation of the blood on the clinical picture and hormonal profile of patients with the polycystic ovaries syndrome was under study. 119 women were administered 582 sessions, and in 54 of these the results were followed up for 1-25 months. A good clinical effect was achieved in 88.9% of these cases, it consisted in recovery of the cycle rhythm (70.7%), pregnancy (29.2%), reduction of hirsutism manifestations (19.04%), decrease of galactorrhea (41.7%), cessation or alleviation of headaches (86.2%), body mass reduction (40%), arterial pressure normalization (43.8%). Well-being of the majority of women was improved by therapy. 17-ketosteroids excretion normalized and persisted normal in a month after the treatment. Blood LH level and the LH/FSH ratio significantly reduced in those in whom these values were elevated in disease. Elimination of hyperandrogenism and a trend to normalization of gonadotropin secretion, resulting from extracorporeal UV irradiation of the blood, indicate that such treatment modality is pathogenetically grounded and justify its use in the treatment of women with the polycystic ovaries syndrome.

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The case of a woman presenting with acute urinary retention, which, on investigation, proved to be due to the ovarian remnant syndrome, is reported. This syndrome is rare, with only 36 previously published cases. To our knowledge none has so far presented in this manner.

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