RESUMEN
This study assessed the phenolics and their bioaccessibility through an in vitro digestion system coupled to a simulated intestinal barrier in eight edible flowers of distinct colors, namely mini rose, torenia, mini daisy, clitoria, cosmos, cravine, begonia and tagete. The antioxidant activity of the flowers before in vitro digestion, in their derived dialyzed and non-dialyzed fractions was evaluated using distinct approaches. All flowers presented in their composition phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavanol, anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanone, however distinct compounds and contents were found in each flower. The bioaccessibility varied among the phenolics and within the flower source (p < 0.05). Cosmos presented the highest (p < 0.05) content of phenolics and activity in ORAC assay before in vitro digestion and in dialyzed and non-dialyzed fraction; the observed activity was correlated (r = 0.9) to its major compounds, hesperidin and rutin, as well as to caftaric acid and procyanidin B2. Mini rose displayed the highest antioxidant activity in FRAP and DPPH assays before in vitro digestion; its dialyzed and non-dialyzed fraction showed the highest activity in FRAP, correlated to pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside, catechin, epicatechin galate, epicagocatechin galate, procyanidin A2, quercitin 3-glucoside and trans-resveratrol (r = 0.9). In DPPH assay, mini rose showed the highest activity in the non-dialyzed fraction, while cravine showed the highest activity in the dialyzed fraction, which was mainly correlated to syringic acid (r = 1.0), pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside and epicatechin (r = 0.9). Results show great variability in the phenolic composition and their bioaccessibility among the edible flowers studied. Our findings indicate cosmos and mini rose as sources of bioaccessible phenolics with great antioxidant activity.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Flores/química , Polifenoles/farmacocinética , Antocianinas/análisis , Antocianinas/farmacocinética , Antioxidantes/análisis , Biflavonoides/análisis , Biflavonoides/farmacocinética , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/análisis , Catequina/farmacocinética , Digestión , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Ácido Gálico/farmacocinética , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacocinética , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacocinética , Polifenoles/análisis , Análisis de Componente Principal , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Proantocianidinas/farmacocinética , Rosa/química , Rosa/clasificación , Rutina/análisis , Rutina/farmacocinética , Estilbenos/análisis , Estilbenos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Quercetin and rutin are well-know flavonoids. In spite of this, the comprehension of their metabolism is still incomplete. In this work, the cytotoxic activity of quercetin and rutin and its metabolites produced by metabolism of filamentous fungi was investigated. Flavonoids metabolism was monitored by HPLC and LC-MS. Both flavonoids were extensively metabolized. Quercetin was converted into metabolite methylquercetin (2) and quercetin glucuronide (3) and rutin into metabolite rutin sulphate (5), methylrutin (6) and rutin glucuronide (7). Cytotoxic effects of rutin, quercetin and its metabolites were measured by MTT tetrazolium reduction test and the trypan blue exclusion assay on HL-60 leukemic cells. The results showed similar concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect for rutin and rutin sulphate (5), while no cytotoxic effect was detected with the metabolites 6 and 7. In relation to the quercetin and its metabolites the results showed that all compounds have a similar concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on HL-60 cells. These findings corroborate the literature, showing that bioconversion is a useful strategy for production of biological active metabolites.
Asunto(s)
Quercetina/metabolismo , Quercetina/farmacocinética , Rutina/metabolismo , Rutina/farmacocinética , Beauveria/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cunninghamella/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células HL-60/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Rutina/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
Os Flavonóides são substâncias naturais amplamente distribuídas no Reino Vegetal. Há um interesse crescente na investigação dessas substâncias, devido ao volume de evidência dos benefícios que eles proporcionam para a saúde. A Rutina é um flavonol glicosídico pertencente a uma importante classe de Flavonóides, sendo extensamente encontrados na natureza, em frutas, vegetais e bebidas como chá e vinho. Pouco se sabe sobre a farmacocinética e biodisponibilidade da rutina, e estes mecanismos tem sido foco de muita controvérsia. Apesar disso, a Rutina apresenta grande importância terapêutica por melhorar a resistência e permeabilidade dos vasos capilares, atividades antioxidante, antiinflamatória, anticarcinogênica dentre outras, razão que levou à realização da presente revisão.
Flavonoids are natural products widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom. There has been increasing interest in research of flavonoids, due to growing evidence of the health benefits of them. Rutin is a glycoside flavonol which belongs to an important class of flavonoids, being extensively found in the nature in fruit, vegetable and beverages, such as tea and wine. About the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Rutin, little is stil know, and tis mechanisms have been a matter of much controversy. Dispite it, Rutin presents a therapeutical importance due to improve resistance and permeability of capillaries vessels, antioxidante, antiinflamatory, anticarcinogenic and other important activities. Reason that led to the completion of this review.
Asunto(s)
Rutina/farmacología , Rutina/farmacocinética , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapéutico , Disponibilidad BiológicaRESUMEN
A carbon paste electrode modified with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was developed for the determination of rutin. PVP enhances the adsorption of rutin on the electrode surface due to the presence of hydrogen bonding between the imide group in PVP and the hydroxyl group in rutin. The current responses in cyclic and linear sweep voltammetric experiments were investigated and an oxidation peak was observed at +0.87 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Several parameters were investigated to evaluate the performance of the modified electrode. The best analytical response was obtained employing (75:15:10%, w/w/w) graphite powder:Nujol:PVP, with an accumulation time of 10 min, scan rate of 100 mV s(-1) and 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0) as supporting electrolyte. The analytical curve was linear for rutin concentrations of 3.9 x 10(-7) to 1.3 x 10(-5)M (r=0.9991) and the detection limit was 1.5 x 10(-7)M. The recovery of rutin from pharmaceutical samples ranged from 98.3 to 101.7% and the relative standard deviation was 3.3% for a solution containing 7.7 x 10(-6)M rutin (n=5). This electrode was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained using the proposed modified carbon paste electrode and those obtained by the standard method are in agreement at the 95% confidence level.