RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease associated with impaired quality of life and heredity. This study aimed to investigate the association of allergic rhinitis in preschool children with exposure to indoor environment-related factors early in life. METHODS: In August 2019, the authors implemented a study among 2020 preschool children in Urumqi City using a case-control design. The study included parental reports for the occurrence of AR in children, parental history of respiratory disease, and indoor environmental correlates of maternal exposure from 1 year prior to pregnancy until the child's age of 0-1 year. RESULTS: Mode of birth (cesarean section) (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.02â¼1.67), father with AR (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 2.08â¼3.44), mother with AR (OR = 3.70, 95% CI = 2.88â¼4.74), mother with asthma (OR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.18â¼8.20), and mother with newly purchased furniture in the parents' residence during pregnancy (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03â¼2.14) were risk factors for AR in children. CONCLUSIONS: The focus of allergic rhinitis should be on children with a family history of AR and asthma and cesarean delivery. Primary prevention efforts for AR in preschool children are avoiding exposure of children to indoor environmental hazardous factors early in life.
Asunto(s)
Asma , Rinitis Alérgica , Humanos , Preescolar , Embarazo , Femenino , Cesárea/efectos adversos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Calidad de Vida , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Asma/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Padres , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergic status has been strongly influenced by early exposures; however, allergic diseases are hard to measure in early life. Thus, this study proposed a latent variable allergy traits around the second year of life and analyzed pre- and perinatal factors associated with this phenomenon. METHODS: The study used data from the BRISA birth cohort, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (n = 3644). The theoretical model included: family allergy (history of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma); gestational period variables (socioeconomic status, mother's skin color, pregestational body mass index - BMI, smoking, gestational diabetes, and hypertension); birth variables (gestational age, 5-minute Apgar score, birth weight, type of delivery), and early life factor (exclusive breast feeding). The outcome was allergy traits around the 2nd year of life, a latent variable deduced from the shared variance among medical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. The model was analyzed by structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Higher socioeconomic status (SC = 0.256; p < 0.001) and higher family allergy values (SC = 1.224; p < 0.001) were associated with higher allergy trait values. Hypertension during pregnancy was associated with higher values (SC = 0.170; p = 0.022) and exclusive breast feeding (SC = -0.192; p < 0.001) with low allergy trait values. CONCLUSION: Although socioeconomic and environmental factors were associated with allergy traits around the 2nd year of life, the family component of allergy was the exposure that best explained this outcome.
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Dermatitis Atópica , Rinitis Alérgica , Humanos , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiologíaRESUMEN
Air pollution, climate change, and the decrease of biological diversity are major threats to human health. In the past decades, an increase in allergic diseases, including asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, has been observed. Up to 40 % of the world population may have an allergic disease, which represents a significant impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from it, and environmental pollution is one of the causes of its presentation. Air pollution causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxidative stress in patients with respiratory diseases can induce eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, increase atopic allergic sensitization, and rise susceptibility to infections. Climate change has influenced exposure to extramural allergens and it is associated with exacerbations of respiratory diseases in the upper and lower airway. The interaction of indoor and outdoor environmental exposure and host factors can affect the development and progression of lifelong allergic diseases. The decrease of exposure to air pollutants has been associated with a favorable response in respiratory health, which is why it is necessary to implement measures that contribute to an improvement in air quality.
La contaminación del aire, el cambio climático y la reducción de la diversidad biológica son amenazas importantes para la salud humana. En las últimas décadas se ha observado un aumento en las enfermedades alérgicas, incluyendo asma y rinoconjuntivitis. Hasta 40 % de la población mundial puede presentar alguna enfermedad alérgica, lo que representa un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen, siendo la contaminación ambiental una de las causas de su presentación. La contaminación del aire causa morbilidad y mortalidad significativas en pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias de las vías respiratorias, como rinitis alérgica, rinosinusitis crónica, asma y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. El estrés oxidativo en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias puede inducir inflamación eosinofílica en las vías respiratorias, aumentar la sensibilización alérgica atópica y aumentar la susceptibilidad a infecciones. El cambio climático ha influido en la exposición a alérgenos extramuros y se asocia con exacerbaciones de enfermedades de la vía respiratoria superior e inferior. La interacción de las exposiciones ambientales en interiores y exteriores y los factores del huésped pueden afectar el desarrollo y la progresión de enfermedades alérgicas de por vida. La reducción de la exposición a los contaminantes del aire se ha asociado a una respuesta favorable en la salud respiratoria, por lo cual es necesario implementar medidas que contribuyan a la mejoría en la calidad del aire.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Asma , Rinitis Alérgica , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Alérgenos , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/etiología , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence shows that atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis, and asthma are largely determined during the first 1000 days (time elapsed from conception to the 2nd birthday). The ARIES birth cohort aims to determine prenatal and perinatal conditions, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors, that participate in the early setting of immune responses, and the role of these in the later determination of the risk of allergic diseases and asthma in the offspring. METHODS: We have designed a birth cohort of 250 families with prenatal recruitment (~ 14 weeks). We will genotype relevant allergy/asthma-associated variants in trios and will perform immunophenotyping and evaluation of allergy biomarkers in cord blood. At 1 and 2 years of age we will assess if infants have developed allergic sensitization, AD, FA, as well as biomarkers of asthma including the asthma predictive index. We will also evaluate how maternal conditions modify immune programming through epigenetic modifications and will then depict newborn epigenetic cues of allergy/asthma risk. Next, we will assess composition/diversity of maternal gut, placenta, breastmilk and infant gut microbiome and their association with immunophenotype and biomarkers at birth, and clinical outcomes at age 1 and 2. Finally, we plan to assess how environmental exposures (perinatal outdoor and indoor pollution, allergens and endotoxin) affect the incidence of allergic sensitization, AD, FA, and risk of asthma. DISCUSSION: The in-depth study of the ARIES birth cohort shall provide crucial information to understand the rising incidence of allergies and asthma in developing countries, and hopefully provide cues on how to prevent and treat these diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04186949, retrospectively registered on December 5, 2019.
Asunto(s)
Asma/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Asma/etiología , Chile/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Femenino , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/etiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Rinitis Alérgica/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with asthma, rhinitis and eczema with food intake in children under six years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study on the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema and their correlation with food consumption. Information was obtained from 1 520 schoolchildren of the District of Barranquilla and its metropolitan area. The ISSAC method was used to process the information, which was provided by the child's guardian, using the software SPSS version 24. Only duly completed questionnaires with informed consents were considered. Analysis was made using a chi-squared test, with a significant P value and 95% confidence. RESULTS: In the 1 520 children surveyed, the type of food related to allergies was fish, associated with asthma, showing that this may be a protective factor for the population regarding the onset of eczema, with a statistically a P value of <0.05, chi-square of 4.566, and CI of 95% [0.3;0.8]. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed foods showed that fish is related and associated as a protective factor for eczema, while the consumption of cow's milk was related as a protective factor for rhinitis. Regarding other foods and allergies, the study is not conclusive as to whether their early intake is a predisposing factor or trigger in children.
OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a asma, rinitis y eccema relacionada con la ingesta de alimentos en menores de seis a siete años. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia de asma, rinitis y eccema y la relación con el consumo de alimentos. Información obtenida en 1 520 escolares del Distrito de Barraquilla y su área metropolitana. Se empleó metodología ISSAC procesándose la información mediante el software SPSS versión 24 El cuestionario fue contestado por el acudiente del menor y solo se tuvieron en cuenta los que tenían debidamente diligenciado los consentimientos informados Se hizo análisis empleando Chi-cuadrado, y el valor P de significancia con un 95% de confianza. RESULTADOS: Para los 1 520 menores encuestados el alimento que presentó relación con alergias fue el pescado asociándolo con el asma, evidenciando que en la población puede ser factor protector para la aparición de eccema mostrando estadísticamente una P<0,05, un Chi-cuadrado: 4,566, IC 95% [0,3;0,8]. CONCLUSIONES: De los alimentos analizados el pescado es uno que presentó relación y se asoció como factor protector para el eccema, el consumo de la leche de vaca se relacionó como factor protector para rinitis; en lo referente a los demás alimentos y las alergias el estudio no es conclusivo en cuanto a si la ingesta temprana es un factor predisponente o desencadenante de ellas en los menores, o no lo son.
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Asma/etiología , Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Dieta/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/complicaciones , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Factores de Edad , Asma/epidemiología , Niño , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Femenino , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores Protectores , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Background: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) has a prevalence of 30% in industrialized countries. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is crucial to identify the causative aeroallergen. Aim: To evaluate aeroallergen sensitization in adults with ARC in the city of Temuco, Chile. Patients and Methods: A skin test against the main aeroallergens present in Temuco was carried out in patients aged 15 to 64 years with ARC diagnosed by medical examination and the Score For Allergic Rhinitis. Results: At least one aeroallergen sensitization was present in 234 (62.4%) out of 375 patients. Pollen-sensitized patients were positive mainly for Grasses (44.4%), Plantago (27.8%), Cynodon (26.1%), Sorrel (23.5%), Birch (14.9%), Nothofagus obliqua (13.3%) and Alder (11.1%). Dust mites were the most common non-pollinic sensitizing aeroallergens, including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (70.1%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (62.8%). Conclusions: According to our results, skin tests in the city of Temuco should include at least dust mites, pollens of Grasses, Plantago, Cynodon, Sorrel, Birch, Nothofagus obliqua and Alder, because these allergens account for 93% of ARC cases in this city.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/etiología , Pruebas Cutáneas/métodos , Alérgenos/clasificación , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/diagnóstico , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Chile/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Rinitis Alérgica/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) has a prevalence of 30% in industrialized countries. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment, it is crucial to identify the causative aeroallergen. AIM: To evaluate aeroallergen sensitization in adults with ARC in the city of Temuco, Chile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A skin test against the main aeroallergens present in Temuco was carried out in patients aged 15 to 64 years with ARC diagnosed by medical examination and the Score For Allergic Rhinitis. RESULTS: At least one aeroallergen sensitization was present in 234 (62.4%) out of 375 patients. Pollen-sensitized patients were positive mainly for Grasses (44.4%), Plantago (27.8%), Cynodon (26.1%), Sorrel (23.5%), Birch (14.9%), Nothofagus obliqua (13.3%) and Alder (11.1%). Dust mites were the most common non-pollinic sensitizing aeroallergens, including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (70.1%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (62.8%). CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, skin tests in the city of Temuco should include at least dust mites, pollens of Grasses, Plantago, Cynodon, Sorrel, Birch, Nothofagus obliqua and Alder, because these allergens account for 93% of ARC cases in this city.
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Alérgenos , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/etiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Pruebas Cutáneas/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos/clasificación , Chile/epidemiología , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/diagnóstico , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rinitis Alérgica/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The burden of childhood asthma and its risk factors is an important but neglected public health challenge in Latin America. We investigated the association between allergic symptoms and dietary intake in children from this region. METHODS: As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III, questionnaire collected dietary intake was investigated in relation to risk of parental/child reported current wheeze (primary outcome) and rhino-conjunctivitis and eczema. Per-country adjusted logistic regressions were performed, and combined effect sizes were calculated with meta-analyses. RESULTS: 143,967 children from 11 countries had complete data. In children aged 6-7 years, current wheeze was negatively associated with higher fruit intake (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.65; 95% CI 0.74, 0.97). Current rhino-conjunctivitis and eczema were statistically negatively associated with fruit intake (aOR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64, 0.82; and OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.56, 0.74, respectively). Vegetable intake was negatively associated with risk of symptoms in younger children, but these associations were attenuated in the 13-14 years old group. Fastfood/burger intake was positively associated with all three outcomes in the older children. CONCLUSION: A higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with a lower prevalence of allergic symptoms in Latin American children. Conversely, intake of fastfood was positively associated with a higher prevalence of wheeze in adolescents. Improved dietary habits in children might help reduce the epidemic of allergic symptoms in Latin America. Food interventions in asthmatic children are needed to evaluate the possible public health impact of a better diet on respiratory health.
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Conjuntivitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Dieta , Eccema/epidemiología , Ruidos Respiratorios , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/etiología , Comida Rápida , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiología , Masculino , Ruidos Respiratorios/inmunología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , VerdurasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of smoking experimentation among adolescents with asthma or allergic rhinitis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving adolescent students (13-14 years of age) in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The participants completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaires, both of which have been validated for use in Brazil. We calculated the prevalence of smoking experimentation in the sample as a whole, among the students with asthma symptoms, and among the students with allergic rhinitis symptoms, as well as in subgroups according to gender and age at smoking experimentation. RESULTS: The sample comprised 3,325 adolescent students. No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender or age. In the sample as a whole, the prevalence of smoking experimentation was 9.6%. The mean age for smoking experimentation for the first time was 11.1 years of age (range, 5-14 years). Among the adolescents with asthma symptoms and among those with allergic rhinitis symptoms, the prevalence of self-reported smoking experimentation was 13.5% and 10.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of adolescents with symptoms of asthma or allergic rhinitis who reported smoking experimentation is a cause for concern, because there is strong evidence that active smoking is a risk factor for the occurrence and increased severity of allergic diseases.
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Asma/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Fumar/epidemiología , Adolescente , Asma/etiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Autoinforme , Distribución por Sexo , Fumar/efectos adversos , EstudiantesRESUMEN
The aims of the current study were to assess the clinical features of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children in Shanghai. Serum-specific IgE (sIgE) tests were performed on samples from patients with AR symptoms from January 2011 to December 2014. A disease-related questionnaire was completed after AR diagnosis. The allergen profile and clinical features of AR were analyzed. In total, 2713 AR patients were enrolled in this study. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was found to be the most common offending allergen in the study population. With increasing age, the prevalence of sIgE against inhalant allergens was significantly increased; however, the opposite trend was observed for food allergens. Additionally, the proportion of children with high levels of sIgE against D. pteronyssinus increased with age. Of the AR cases, 8.6% were classified as intermittent mild, 4.2% as persistent mild, 40.5% as intermittent moderate-severe, and 46.7% as persistent moderate-severe. A family history of allergies and a patient history of allergies within 6 months of birth were significantly associated with the duration and severity of AR symptoms. The occurrence of co-morbidities, such as allergic conjunctivitis, cough, and asthma, gradually increased from intermittent mild, persistent mild, and intermittent moderate-severe to persistent moderate-severe. The most frequently used drugs were topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines, which were used by 86.7 and 79.0% of patients, respectively. These results confirm the adequacy of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines for classifying AR patients, and advance the understanding of clinical features of AR in children in Shanghai, China.
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Rinitis Alérgica/inmunología , Adolescente , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , China/epidemiología , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Rinitis Alérgica/sangre , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the association between delivery by cesarean section (CS) and asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinitis and whether this association is different in children with and without a family history of asthma. This study aims to investigate whether children born by CS have a higher chance to develop asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinitis and to evaluate the influence of parental history of asthma on these associations. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 672 children nested in a birth cohort evaluated at 6-years of age. Asthma and chronic/allergic rhinitis were identified by means of the mother's responses to the ISAAC questionnaire. The association between CS, asthma, chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. The evidence of effect modification of parental history of asthma on the association CS and outcomes was examined by introducing interactions terms in the logistic regression models adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Asthma was not associated with birth by CS irrespective of parental history of asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.03; 95 % CI 0.61-1.74). Chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis were both significantly associated with birth by CS but only in the subgroup of children with by parental history of asthma (OR 1.56; 95 % CI 1.04-2.34) and (OR 1.60; 95 % CI 1.01-2.55) respectively, after adjustment for confounders. The parental history of asthma was a effect modifier in the association between CS, chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis (p for effect modification = 0.10 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: CS increases the risk of chronic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis in children at 6 years of age with parental history of asthma. Health professionals must be alerted with regard to the increased risk of allergic rhinitis and made aware this is another reason to avoid unnecessary CS.
Asunto(s)
Asma/etiología , Cesárea/efectos adversos , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Anamnesis , Oportunidad Relativa , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/etiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Objective: To determine the prevalence of smoking experimentation among adolescents with asthma or allergic rhinitis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving adolescent students (13-14 years of age) in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The participants completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaires, both of which have been validated for use in Brazil. We calculated the prevalence of smoking experimentation in the sample as a whole, among the students with asthma symptoms, and among the students with allergic rhinitis symptoms, as well as in subgroups according to gender and age at smoking experimentation. Results: The sample comprised 3,325 adolescent students. No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender or age. In the sample as a whole, the prevalence of smoking experimentation was 9.6%. The mean age for smoking experimentation for the first time was 11.1 years of age (range, 5-14 years). Among the adolescents with asthma symptoms and among those with allergic rhinitis symptoms, the prevalence of self-reported smoking experimentation was 13.5% and 10.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The proportion of adolescents with symptoms of asthma or allergic rhinitis who reported smoking experimentation is a cause for concern, because there is strong evidence that active smoking is a risk factor for the occurrence and increased severity of allergic diseases.
Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da experimentação de cigarro em adolescentes com asma ou de rinite alérgica. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo escolares com 13-14 anos de idade na cidade de Belo Horizonte (MG). Os escolares preencheram os questionários do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention e do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, ambos validados para uso no Brasil. Foram calculadas as prevalências de experimentação de cigarro na população geral estudada, naqueles com sintomas de asma ou de rinite alérgica e nos subgrupos em relação ao gênero e à idade da experimentação. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 3.325 adolescentes. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação ao gênero e a idade dos participantes. Na amostra geral, a prevalência da experimentação de cigarro foi de 9,6%. A média de idade da experimentação de cigarro pela primeira vez foi de 11,1 anos (variação, 5-14 anos). Nos adolescentes com sintomas de asma e de rinite alérgica, a prevalência autorrelatada de experimentação de cigarro foi de 13,5% e 10,6%, respectivamente. Conclusões: A proporção de adolescentes com asma ou rinite alérgica que relataram ter experimentado cigarro é preocupante, visto que há fortes evidências de que o tabagismo ativo é um fator de risco para a ocorrência e maior gravidade de doenças alérgicas.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Asma/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Fumar/epidemiología , Asma/etiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Autoinforme , Distribución por Sexo , Fumar/efectos adversos , EstudiantesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diet might influence the risk of allergic diseases. Evidence from developing countries with high prevalence of childhood asthma is scant. METHODS: Information on wheeze, rhinitis, and eczema was collected from 3209 children aged 6-7 years in 2005, who were taking part in the International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) in Colombia. Intake frequency of twelve food groups was assessed. Associations between each food group and current wheeze, rhino-conjunctivitis, and eczema were investigated with multiple logistic regressions, adjusting for potential confounders. Simes' procedure was used to test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: 14.9% of children reported wheeze in the last 12 months, 16% rhino-conjunctivitis, and 22% eczema. Eczema was negatively associated with consumption of fresh fruits and pulses three or more times per week (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR): 0.64; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.49 to 0.83; p value = 0.004; and aOR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.80; p value < 0.001, respectively). Current wheeze was negatively associated with intake of potatoes (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.62, p value = 0.005), whilst this outcome was positively associated with consumption of fast food (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.35, p value = 0.001). These associations remained statistically significant after controlling for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: A traditional diet might have a protective effect against eczema and wheeze in Colombian children, whilst intake of fast foods increases this risk.
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Conjuntivitis Alérgica/etiología , Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Dieta , Comida Rápida/efectos adversos , Ruidos Respiratorios/etiología , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Niño , Colombia/epidemiología , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Dieta/efectos adversos , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Prevalencia , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Solanum tuberosumRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is a disease with a high global disease burden, but risk factors that contribute to this condition are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of allergic rhinitis in two Peruvian populations with disparate degrees of urbanization. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study on 1441 children aged 13-15 years at enrollment (mean age 14.9 years, 51% boys) to investigate the prevalence of allergic disease. We used a standardized, Spanish validated questionnaire to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asked about sociodemographics and family history of allergies. Children also underwent spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, allergy skin testing to 10 common household allergens and provided a blood sample for measurement of 25OH vitamin D and total serum IgE. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 18% (95% CI 16% to 20%). When stratified by site, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 23% Lima vs. 13% in Tumbes (P < 0.001); however, this difference was no longer significant after controlling for subject-specific factors (P = 0.95). There was a strong association with other allergic diseases: 53% of children with asthma had allergic rhinitis vs. 15% in those without asthma (P < 0.001) and 42% of children with eczema vs. 17% of those without eczema (P < 0.001). Important risk factors for allergic rhinitis were parental rhinitis (adjusted OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.9-4.7 for 1 parent and adjusted OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.5-13.7 for 2 parents); allergic sensitization to common household aeroallergens (1.6, 1.1-2.3); being overweight (1.5, 1.0-2.3); exhaled nitric oxide ≥ 20 ppb (1.9, 1.3-2.7); and total serum IgE ≥ 95th percentile (2.4, 1.2-4.8). Population attributable risk of important factors for allergic rhinitis were 25% for high exhaled nitric oxide, 22% for allergic sensitization to common household aeroallergens, 22% for paternal rhinitis, 10% for being overweight and 7% for an elevated total serum IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Allergic rhinitis was prevalent in both settings, and important risk factors include elevated exhaled nitric oxide, allergic sensitization to common household aeroallergens, parental rhinitis, being overweight and high total serum IgE. When considering subject-specific factors, the difference in prevalence between the urban and rural settings became non-important.
Asunto(s)
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Población Rural , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Población Urbana , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Perú/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Rinitis Alérgica/etiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Studies analyzing risk factors, multiple indoor and outdoor factors related to asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) in childhood, are very rare. The presented study was carried out to simultaneously assess host-related, indoor and particulate matter exposure with current allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The method was a cross-sectional population-based study in which participants were diagnosed by means of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire. RESULTS: Exposure to indoor risk factors were verified in 1,302 individuals, in which the prevalence of AR, asthma and AR-asthma comorbidity were 37.3%, 28.4%, and 16%, for children and 31.5%, 16.2%, and 10.5% for adolescents, respectively. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with current asthma (OR=1.5), second-hand smoking with AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.4) and visible mold on the walls with current AR, asthma, and AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.6). In a subgroup of 590 children, in addition to the indoor risk factors, exposure to PM10 was assessed. In this joint analysis, there was association with the same previously mentioned risk factors (p values ≤ 0.5) and a negative association to PM10 (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that avoidance of smoking during pregnancy, second-hand smoking and exposure to mould at home can contribute to reducing current AR and/or current asthma. Exposure to PM10 was not associated with the prevalence rate of these diseases.