RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While it is recognized that social support can alleviate mental health symptoms, this relationship is not well-understood among Chinese pregnant and parenting immigrants in the United States. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationships between different types of social support and women's anxiety and depression, and examining how these associations vary with pregnancy status. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Simplified Chinese or Mandarin between March-June 2021 among 526 women who were pregnant and/or parenting a child under five years. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support scales were used to measure anxiety, depression, and social support levels. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlations were employed for analysis. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of social support types and pregnancy status on mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women reported higher mean scores for anxiety (non-pregnant: 55, pregnant: 59, p < 0.01) and depression (non-pregnant: 54, pregnant: 56, p = 0.02). Instrumental support displayed a significant main effect in relation to anxiety (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01) and depression (ß=-0.16, p < 0.01); emotional support exhibited a significant main effect solely on depression (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01). Notably, the interaction effects between pregnancy status and both instrumental (ß=-0.28, p = 0.01) and emotional support (ß=-0.42, p < 0.01) were significant for anxiety. In contrast, informational support did not exhibit a significant impact on either anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that tailoring support to the cultural context is crucial, especially for pregnant women in this Chinese immigrant community, with instrumental and emotional support being particularly beneficial in mitigating maternal anxiety.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Salud Mental , Responsabilidad Parental , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etnología , China/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Estados Unidos , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/etnología , Adulto Joven , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Immigrant Latinas (who are foreign-born but now reside in the USA) are at greater risk for developing postpartum depression than the general perinatal population, but many face barriers to treatment. To address these barriers, we adapted the Mothers and Babies Course-an evidence-based intervention for postpartum depression prevention-to a virtual group format. Additional adaptations are inclusion of tailored supplemental child health content and nutrition benefit assistance. We are partnering with Early Learning Centers (ELC) across the state of Maryland to deliver and test the adapted intervention. METHODS: The design is a Hybrid Type I Effectiveness-Implementation Trial. A total of 300 participants will be individually randomized to immediate (N = 150) versus delayed (N = 150) receipt of the intervention, Mothers and Babies Virtual Group (MB-VG). The intervention will be delivered by trained Early Learning Center staff. The primary outcomes are depressive symptoms (measured via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), parenting self-efficacy (measured via the Parental Cognition and Conduct Towards the Infant Scale (PACOTIS) Parenting Self-Efficacy subscale), and parenting responsiveness (measured via the Maternal Infant Responsiveness Instrument) at 1-week, 3-month, and 6-month post-intervention. Depressive episodes (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V- Disorders Research Version) at 3-month and 6-month post-intervention will also be assessed. Secondary outcomes include social support, mood management, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, food insecurity, and mental health stigma at 1-week, 3-month, and 6-month post-intervention. Exploratory child outcomes are dysregulation and school readiness at 6-month post-intervention. Intervention fidelity, feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness will also be assessed guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. DISCUSSION: This study will be one of the first to test the efficacy of a group-based virtual perinatal depression intervention with Latina immigrants, for whom stark disparities exist in access to health services. The hybrid effectiveness-implementation design will allow rigorous examination of barriers and facilitators to delivery of the intervention package (including supplemental components) which will provide important information on factors influencing intervention effectiveness and the scalability of intervention components in Early Learning Centers and other child-serving settings. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05873569.
Asunto(s)
Depresión Posparto , Hispánicos o Latinos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Depresión Posparto/etnología , Depresión Posparto/terapia , Depresión Posparto/psicología , Depresión Posparto/prevención & control , Depresión Posparto/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Madres/psicología , Lactante , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Tiempo , Maryland , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Autoeficacia , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Perinatal psychological distress adversely impacts the well-being and social adjustment of parents and their children. Expectant parents who have migrated may be at higher risk for perinatal psychological distress due to various migration-specific stressors and healthcare service barriers. Limited studies have examined the perceived determinants of perinatal distress in immigrant parents, particularly men. This study explored first and second-generation immigrant parents' lived experiences of social stressors and facilitators of perinatal psychological well-being. METHODS: Participants were recruited by convenience and purposive sampling as part of a larger study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with first and second-generation immigrant women and men in Quebec, Canada. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Sixteen women (age = 34.8 ± 3.7 years) and ten men (age = 35.1 ± 4.9 years) from various ethnic backgrounds participated in the study at 7.4 ± 0.73 and 7.5 ± 0.72 months postpartum, respectively. Three themes were identified: (1) cultural pressures (cultural differences in parenting, gender-related cultural pressures, health and baby-related practices), (2) health and social service access (social benefits and resources, and systemic barriers in health care), and (3) discrimination (physical appearance or parental-related discrimination, gender-related discrimination, ethnic-related discrimination). First-generation immigrant parents reported greater acculturative stress (i.e. mental health stigma, health care access) and ethnic discrimination concerns related to their distress. Among men, barriers include feeling as though the paternal role was devalued by society and not receiving consideration by health care. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight different social factors of perinatal well-being perceived by men and women from various ethnic and immigration backgrounds during the perinatal period. Perceived factors include macro-level factors, such as a country's social climate, health and social policies and services, and social aspects of acculturative stress. Our findings suggest the need for continued efforts to challenge and eliminate discriminatory practices. Interventions and resources directed at first-generation immigrant parents should be bolstered. Understanding what parents perceive to facilitate or hinder their psychological well-being can help inform the development of tailored evidence-based programs and policies to better meet the mental health needs of Canadians and reduce gender disparities in the treatment of perinatal distress.
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Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Padres , Investigación Cualitativa , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Femenino , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Quebec , Adulto , Masculino , Embarazo , Padres/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Distrés Psicológico , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Periodo Posparto/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Children of Black immigrant parents living in the US are at elevated risk of being overweight or obese, thus increasing their risks of morbidity and mortality as they age. Parents play a crucial role in shaping their children's nutrition through their food parenting practices. The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) can explain Black immigrant mother's FPP and their children's dietary behavior. This study aimed to assess SCT's constructs, personal (maternal knowledge, attitudes, beliefs) and environmental factors (acculturation) in relation to the behavioral factor (food parenting practices) among a sample of Black immigrant mothers living in Metro Atlanta, Georgia. METHODS: Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 30 Black immigrant mothers who lived in seven Metro Atlanta, Georgia counties in the summer of 2022. Four focus group interviews were conducted over two weeks. The qualitative data analysis was thematic. RESULTS: Focus group data analysis revealed seven major themes: knowledge, attitude, belief, modeling, acculturation, coercive control, and structure, and six subthemes. Mothers discussed being intentional about encouraging healthy foods and limiting unhealthy foods for their children. Overall, acculturation influenced mothers' food parenting practices. Since migrating to the US, some mothers' nutrition changed in positive (e.g., eating more fruits) and negative ways (e.g., snacking more) because of schedules, cost, and access. Children ate a mixed diet, the mother's native diet and the American diet, and the former was considered healthier and affordable by most. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to look at the food parenting practices of Black immigrants in the US. By identifying key factors that influence the food parenting practices of this population and their children's dietary habits, this study's findings are useful to practitioners or researchers who work with this population on nutrition.
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Negro o Afroamericano , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Grupos Focales , Madres , Responsabilidad Parental , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Femenino , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Madres/psicología , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Georgia , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Niño , Aculturación , Masculino , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Parents' socialization beliefs have implications for the psychological adjustment of their children through their parenting behaviors; however, such pathways have rarely been established among Chinese American families. The present study examined how Chinese American parents' goals for their children to take on bicultural values and behaviors (i.e., bicultural socialization beliefs) influenced their child's level of depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood through their parenting behaviors and the level of parent-child alienation. Data came from Waves 2 (adolescence) and 3 (emerging adulthood) of a longitudinal study of 444 Chinese American families. Mothers' reports of their bicultural socialization beliefs positively predicted adolescents' reports of mothers' autonomy-supporting behaviors and interdependence-focused shaming behaviors. In addition, there was a significant and negative indirect effect of mothers' bicultural socialization beliefs on emerging adult depressive symptoms through adolescents' reports of mothers' autonomy-supporting behaviors and emerging adults' reports of alienation to their parents. In contrast, there was a significant and positive indirect effect from fathers' reports of their bicultural socialization beliefs to emerging adult depressive symptoms, through emerging adults' reports of alienation only. Findings contribute to our understanding of bicultural processes in Chinese American families and establish that parents' beliefs have significant implications for the psychological adjustment of Chinese American youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Asiático , Depresión , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Responsabilidad Parental , Socialización , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Asiático/psicología , Adolescente , Estudios Longitudinales , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Adulto Joven , Padres/psicología , AdultoRESUMEN
Youth exposed to community violence and neighborhood stressors report devastating mental health consequences. Black youth are at greater risk and experience community violence at rates higher than other youth populations. An underexplored mental health consequence is anxiety sensitivity, the fear of experiencing anxiety-related symptoms, which contributes to maladaptive coping strategies and the development and severity of other mental health problems. This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine socio-ecological risk and protective factors associated with community violence exposure and anxiety sensitivity among low-income Black youth. Survey data are from a sample of 320 Black youth residing in public and subsidized housing in a Northeastern city in the United States. Results indicated that neighborhood risk, parenting behaviors, and exposure to delinquent peers were indirectly associated with anxiety sensitivity, which occurred through community violence exposure. Additionally, neighborhood risks had direct effects on anxiety sensitivity. Results point to the need to incorporate social and environmental factors in interventions addressing anxiety sensitivity among Black youth in urban communities.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , Negro o Afroamericano , Exposición a la Violencia , Responsabilidad Parental , Características de la Residencia , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Femenino , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Exposición a la Violencia/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Factores de Riesgo , Niño , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the experiential meaning of child-rearing for marriage immigrant women in Korea in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: Using the hermeneutic descriptive phenomenology framework developed by Colaizzi, 10 marriage immigrant women rearing preschool and school-age children were invited through purposive and snowball sampling from two multicultural support centers in Korea. The participants were rearing one or two children, and their original nationalities were Vietnamese, Japanese, Cambodian, and Chinese. Individual in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted from September 1 to November 30, 2021. We extracted significant statements from the transcripts, transformed these into abstract formulations, and organized them into theme clusters and themes to authentically capture the essence of the participants' subjective experiences. RESULTS: Four theme clusters with 14 themes were derived. The four theme clusters identified were "navigating child healthcare alone," "guilt for not providing a social experience," "worry about media-dependent parenting," and "feelings of incompleteness and exclusion." This study explored the perspectives of mothers raising children as marriage migrant women who experienced physical and emotional health crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore that marriage immigrant women encountered heightened challenges in managing their children's health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic due to linguistic and cultural barriers limiting access to healthcare and information. Additionally, these women experienced considerable emotional stress from perceived inadequacies in providing a holistic social and developmental environment for their children under extensive social restrictions.
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COVID-19 , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Matrimonio , Responsabilidad Parental , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/etnología , Femenino , República de Corea/epidemiología , República de Corea/etnología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Adulto , Matrimonio/psicología , Matrimonio/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , SARS-CoV-2 , Niño , Madres/psicología , Crianza del Niño/psicología , Crianza del Niño/etnología , Investigación Cualitativa , PandemiasRESUMEN
We examined whether cultural values, conformity and parenting behaviours were related to child adjustment in middle childhood in the United States. White, Black and Latino mothers (n = 273), fathers (n = 182) and their children (n = 272) reported on parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, parental warmth, monitoring, family obligation expectations, and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed on variables of interest. Collectivism in mothers and fathers was associated with family obligation expectations and parental warmth. Fathers with higher conformity values had higher expectations of children's family obligations. Child internalising and externalising behaviours were greater when Latino families subscribed to individualistic values. These results are discussed in the context of cultural values, protective and promotive factors of behaviour, and race/ethnicity in the United States.
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Comparación Transcultural , Hispánicos o Latinos , Responsabilidad Parental , Valores Sociales , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adaptación Psicológica , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Control Interno-Externo , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Ajuste Social , Conformidad Social , Estados Unidos/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Blanco/psicologíaRESUMEN
This article explores the experiences of Mexican American mothers who, confronted with the troubled emotions and behaviors of their adolescent children, felt compelled to seek help from mental health clinicians. Their experience is situated in the context of both psychiatrization, or the tendency to treat social problems as mental illness, and the landscape of contemporary mothering in the U.S., where maternal determinism, mother-blame, and the demand for intensive parenting hold sway. In this context, the moral crisis of mental health care-seeking for their children forces mothers to reconcile multiple competing stakes as they navigate the overlapping, and sometimes conflicting, moral-cultural worlds constituted by family and community, as well as mental health care providers. At the same time, it allows them an opportunity to creatively "reenvision" their ways of being mothers and persons. Their stories and struggles shed new light on contemporary conversations about psychiatrization, everyday morality, and mothering.
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Americanos Mexicanos , Principios Morales , Madres , Humanos , Madres/psicología , Femenino , Adolescente , Americanos Mexicanos/psicología , Adulto , Relaciones Madre-Hijo/etnología , Servicios de Salud Mental , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Trastornos Mentales/etnología , Estados Unidos , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/etnología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicologíaRESUMEN
Developmental and parenting frameworks suggest that factors at the individual-level and multiple levels of adolescents' contexts are important determinants of how African American parents prepare their children to live in a racially stratified society. Using a person-centered approach, this study explored heterogeneity in profiles of African American parent-adolescent relationships (PARs) using indicators of parent-reported ethnic-racial socialization (cultural socialization, preparation for bias), general parenting practices (autonomy support, monitoring, behavioral control), and relationship quality (warmth, communication, conflict). We also examined how adolescents' characteristics, parents' personal and psychological resources, and contextual sources of stress and support contributed to profile membership. Data were from the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study (1991-2000) and consisted of 589 African American caregiver-adolescent dyads (caregivers: 89% female; 57.2% married; adolescents: 50.7% female; Mage = 17, SD = 0.64, range = 15-19 years old). Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: (a) No-Nonsense High Socializers, (b) Indulgent Average Socializers, (c) Unengaged Silent Socializers, and (d) Authoritative Cultural Socializers. Adolescent characteristics (gender, depression, and problem behavior), parents' personal and psychological resources (parenting self-efficacy, centrality, private regard, and depression), and contextual sources of stress and support (stress: economic hardship, family stress, neighborhood disadvantage and support: marital status, family cohesion, family organization) were correlated with profile membership. Findings suggest that variability in African American PARs is shaped by an extensive set of individual and contextual factors related to adolescents and the family and neighborhood context. These findings have important implications for future research and how to target multiple potential levers for change in African American parenting practice.
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Negro o Afroamericano , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Responsabilidad Parental , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Maryland , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , SocializaciónRESUMEN
A new observational measure of a culturally salient, supportive African American parenting style, Active Direction, was developed. Ratings were compared to standard qualitative ratings and across two ethnic groups. Active Direction represents the provision of structure to interactions in the form of corrective direction with clear and concise feedback that is assessed for supportiveness rather than simple content or tone. The 7-point rating item was examined in observations of African American (n = 172) and Hispanic American (n = 196) mother-child interactions collected at age 2.5 years in families from low-income households. Ratings were compared and associations to previously reported ratings of the interactions were examined. Active Direction was often observed among the African American mothers (81%) but rarely observed among the Hispanic mothers (16%), with a large effect size difference, supporting the hypothesis that Active Direction may represent a culturally specific approach to parenting for African American parents. Maternal behavior correlations of Active Direction with cognitive stimulation, intrusiveness, scaffolding, and calm authority and with child affiliative obedience and dyadic routines and rituals were significantly higher and detachment significantly lower in the African American compared to the Hispanic sample. The new measure of Active Direction, centered around culturally salient values and differences in both historical and lived experiences, addresses characteristics of parenting in African American families that are supportive of their children's development and provides a fruitful direction for future research.
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Negro o Afroamericano , Hispánicos o Latinos , Relaciones Madre-Hijo , Responsabilidad Parental , Humanos , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Preescolar , Adulto , Conducta Materna/etnología , Conducta Materna/psicología , Madres/psicologíaRESUMEN
Evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPI) support children and families to promote resilience, address emotional and behavioral concerns, and prevent or address issues related to child maltreatment. Critiques of EBPIs include concerns about their relevance and effectiveness for diverse populations when they are implemented at population scale. Research methods that center racial equity and include community-based participatory approaches have the potential to address some of these concerns. The purpose of the present review was to document the extent to which methods associated with promoting racial equity in research have been used in studies that contribute to the evidence base for programs that meet evidentiary standards for a clearinghouse that was developed to support the Family First Prevention Services Act in the United States. We developed a coding system largely based on the Culturally Responsive Evaluation model. A sample of 47 papers that are part of the evidence base for ten in-home parent skill-based programs were reviewed and coded. Only three of 28 possible codes were observed to occur in over half of the studies (including race/ethnicity demographic characteristics, conducting measure reliability for the study sample, and including information on socioeconomic status). Although the overall presence of equity-informed methods was low, a positive trend was observed over time. This review highlights ways in which rigorous research can incorporate racial equity into the planning, design, execution, and interpretation and dissemination of programs of study. We posit that doing so improves the external validity of studies while maintaining high-quality research that can contribute to an evidence base.
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Práctica Clínica Basada en la Evidencia , Responsabilidad Parental , Humanos , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , NiñoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This review will map stress interventions designed for and implemented among immigrant parents in the United States (US) according to intervention characteristics, participant characteristics, and reported outcomes and measurement tools. INTRODUCTION: In addition to parenting stressors shared with their non-immigrant counterparts, immigrant parents also face immigration stressors. Although stress interventions can effectively manage, reduce, or prevent stress among non-immigrant populations, we know little about stress interventions designed for immigrant parents in the US. This study will be the first to explore stress interventions implemented among immigrant parents in the US. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will include published, peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies that evaluate stress interventions designed specifically for US immigrant parents with at least 1 child under the age of 18 years. Reported interventions must include stress as a primary or secondary outcome or be labeled as a stress intervention. Stress interventions are broadly defined, with no restrictions on the type of stress targeted (eg, job, general, parenting) or the intervention's nature (ie, prevention vs. management/reduction vs. treatment). METHODS: A literature search will be conducted in ProQuest's APA PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES, CINAHL Plus (EBSCOhost), ERIC (ProQuest), Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), International Bibliography of Social Sciences (ProQuest), and the Cochrane Library. Only English-language publications will be eligible, with no date restrictions. Retrieved titles and abstracts will be screened by at least 2 independent reviewers in duplicate. Data will be extracted using a self-developed data extraction tool. Findings will be presented in tabular or diagrammatic format, accompanied by a narrative summary. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework osf.io/ec39j.
Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Padres , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/terapia , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Estados Unidos , Padres/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: This retrospective descriptive study sought to explore the lived experiences of Black mothers with HIV navigating HIV medical care while parenting dependent children. Six themes were generated from the semi-structured interviews conducted with mothers ( N = 9) related to motherhood, interactions with health care systems and providers, coping, social support, HIV self-management, and HIV prevention. Findings suggested that supportive interpersonal relationships with HIV health care providers, HIV nondisclosure to family and friends, and social network support, inclusive of health care providers, were protective factors in achieving optimal treatment adherence and viral suppression. Findings may inform interventions for improving social support and reducing stigma in HIV care for Black mothers with HIV who are parenting dependent children.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Negro o Afroamericano , Infecciones por VIH , Madres , Investigación Cualitativa , Estigma Social , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/etnología , Madres/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Adulto , Niño , Pennsylvania , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Informed by integrative models of cultural resilience, the purpose of this study was to (a) explore how parents are promoting their children's emotional and physical health, with a focus on race and ethnic-racial socialization strategies, and (b) identify the barriers and challenges parents are experiencing in supporting their children's health. Ethnically racially matched qualitative interviews were conducted with 33 parents (82% women, 64% Black, 36% Latiné). Results of thematic analysis revealed three overarching themes: (a) Strategies for Promoting Children's Physical and Emotional Health, (b) Challenges Promoting Children's Physical and Emotional Health, and (c) Impact of Racism on Parenting and Children's Health. Most parents believed that racism had an impact on their parenting decisions and their children's health; however, there were some differences in ethnic-racial socialization practices between Black and Latiné parents. Findings have implications for culturally relevant parenting approaches to support children's emotional and physical health.
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Negro o Afroamericano , Responsabilidad Parental , Padres , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Niño , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Padres/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/etnología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Racismo/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Salud Infantil/etnología , Estado de SaludRESUMEN
Parental factors play a major role in youth mental health and many youth in high-income countries have at least one overseas-born parent. It is, hence, important to understand how immigrant parenting is associated with youth mental health in high-income countries. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review sought to identify modifiable parental factors to inform parenting interventions to prevent mental health problems in youth aged 0-18 years whose parents migrated voluntarily for economic reasons from low and middle-income countries to high-income countries. Sixteen parental factors were identified from 56 studies that were associated with five outcomes - youth self-esteem (k = 17), general stress (k = 4), acculturative stress (k = 4), anxiety symptoms (k = 9), and depressive symptoms (k = 41). A sound evidence base was found for one or more of these outcomes associated with protective factors - caring and supportive parenting and parental monitoring; and risk factors - parent-youth acculturative and general conflict, parental withdrawal, interparental conflict, and parent mental health problems. This systematic review and meta-analysis identified immigrant parental factors that have robust associations with youth mental health outcomes. These findings can be used to inform parenting interventions and support immigrant parents in preventing youth mental health problems.
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Países Desarrollados , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Responsabilidad Parental , Humanos , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Adolescente , Niño , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Padres/psicología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Salud Mental , Aculturación , Preescolar , LactanteRESUMEN
This study investigated how individualism, collectivism and conformity are associated with parenting and child adjustment in 1297 families with 10-year-old children from 13 cultural groups in nine countries. With multilevel models disaggregating between- and within-culture effects, we examined between- and within-culture associations between maternal and paternal cultural values, parenting dimensions and children's adjustment. Mothers from cultures endorsing higher collectivism and fathers from cultures endorsing lower individualism engage more frequently in warm parenting behaviours. Mothers and fathers with higher-than-average collectivism in their culture reported higher parent warmth and expectations for children's family obligations. Mothers with higher-than-average collectivism in their cultures more frequently reported warm parenting and fewer externalising problems in children, whereas mothers with higher-than-average individualism in their culture reported more child adjustment problems. Mothers with higher-than-average conformity values in their culture reported more father-displays of warmth and greater mother-reported expectations for children's family obligations. Fathers with higher-than-average individualism in their culture reported setting more rules and soliciting more knowledge about their children's whereabouts. Fathers who endorsed higher-than-average conformity in their culture displayed more warmth and expectations for children's family obligations and granted them more autonomy. Being connected to an interdependent, cohesive group appears to relate to parenting and children's adjustment.
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Comparación Transcultural , Responsabilidad Parental , Conformidad Social , Humanos , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Individualidad , Ajuste Social , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Valores SocialesRESUMEN
This brief report assesses parent-adolescent relationships, screen behaviors, and tridimensional acculturation as risk and promotive or protective factors for health among Black U.S. immigrant or refugee adolescents during the dual COVID-19 and racism or Whiteness pandemics. Eighty-nine immigrant- or refugee-origin adolescents completed online surveys (72% Somali American, 28% Jamaican American; 45% female; 15% foreign-born; M = 14.11 years). Regression analyses revealed that parental autonomy support, parental restrictive media mediation, and adolescent heritage culture identification were promotive of better screen media use behaviors. Only adolescent media literacy self-efficacy was related to higher screen time. Importantly, screen self-regulation was a better predictor of general health than screen time. Results highlight many parenting strengths in Black immigrant or refugee families and underscore the resilience-promoting power of parent-adolescent relationships. Health implications are discussed to provide guidance for future prevention efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Aculturación , Negro o Afroamericano , COVID-19 , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Refugiados , Tiempo de Pantalla , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Refugiados/psicología , Refugiados/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/etnología , Relaciones Padres-Hijo/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Negro o Afroamericano/etnología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/etnología , Estados Unidos/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Adulto , PandemiasRESUMEN
The demand-resources model of stress posits that parenting tasks and expectations of mothers that exceed their resources are likely to tax their psychological well-being. Social and instrumental support from spouse or family may help alleviate the negative effects of parenting stress on mothers' psychological well-being. However, parenting stress and its impact have been less studied among immigrant mothers. Moreover, the sources of family support (i.e., spousal and other family members) might interactively affect mothers' well-being in the face of parenting stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine whether support from the spouse and other family members jointly buffers against the long-term psychological effects of parenting stress on Chinese immigrant mothers' life satisfaction. Data were collected from 273 Chinese American mothers at two time points separated by 6 months. A three-way interaction was conducted to examine the complementary protective effect of perceived support mothers received from their spouses and their other family members combined. Results showed that after controlling for the covariates, parenting stress was only longitudinally associated with changes in maternal life satisfaction when support from both spouse and other family members was low. Our findings highlight the complementary protective effects of spousal support and nonspouse family members' support in alleviating parenting stress of mothers and its adverse impact on lowering mothers' life satisfaction 6 months later. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Madres , Responsabilidad Parental , Satisfacción Personal , Apoyo Social , Esposos , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Madres/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Esposos/psicología , Esposos/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , China/etnología , Asiático/psicología , Familia/psicología , Familia/etnología , Adulto Joven , Apoyo Familiar , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
This introduction provides an overview of the major constructs that are the focus of this Special Issue. Individualism and collectivism have been the cornerstones of theoretical work on cultural values in psychological science, and conformity is an important component of theories related to motivational values. Individualism, collectivism and conformity values are reviewed in relation to parenting (warmth, knowledge solicitation, rules/limit-setting, parents' expectations regarding children's family obligations) and children's adjustment (internalising and externalising behaviours). Background on the Parenting Across Cultures project, a study of children, mothers and fathers, in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and the United States) is provided as a prelude to the country-specific papers from each of these countries that follow in the rest of the Special Issue before a final concluding paper that focuses on between-country versus within-country variation in cultural values, parenting and children's adjustment.