RESUMEN
Introduction: RNA interference (RNAi) stands as a widely employed gene interference technology, with small interfering RNA (siRNA) emerging as a promising tool for cancer treatment. However, the inherent limitations of siRNA, such as easy degradation and low bioavailability, hamper its efficacy in cancer therapy. To address these challenges, this study focused on the development of a nanocarrier system (HLM-N@DOX/R) capable of delivering both siRNA and doxorubicin for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: The study involved a comprehensive investigation into various characteristics of the nanocarrier, including shape, diameter, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), encapsulation efficiency, and drug loading. Subsequently, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, cellular immunofluorescence, lysosome escape, and mouse tumor models to evaluate the efficacy of the nanocarrier in reversing tumor multidrug resistance and anti-tumor effects. Results: The results showed that HLM-N@DOX/R had a high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity, and exhibited pH/redox dual responsive drug release characteristics. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that HLM-N@DOX/R inhibited the expression of P-gp by 80%, inhibited MDR tumor growth by 71% and eliminated P protein mediated multidrug resistance. Conclusion: In summary, HLM-N holds tremendous potential as an effective and targeted co-delivery system for DOX and P-gp siRNA, offering a promising strategy for overcoming MDR in breast cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Doxorrubicina , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Liposomas , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Animales , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacocinética , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Liposomas/química , Ratones , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , ARN Interferente Pequeño/administración & dosificación , ARN Interferente Pequeño/química , ARN Interferente Pequeño/farmacocinética , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células MCF-7 , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacocinética , Nanopartículas/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
The Lucena 1 cell line, derived from the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 under selective pressure of vincristine supplementation, exhibits multidrug resistance (MDR). This study aims to explore and elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving MDR in the Lucena 1 cell line. A proteomic analysis comparing K562 and Lucena 1 revealed qualitative differences, with a focus on the ATP-dependent efflux pump, Translocase ABCB1, a key contributor to drug resistance. Tubulin analysis identified two unique isoforms, Tubulin beta 8B and alpha chain-like 3, exclusive to Lucena 1, potentially influencing resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the association of Rap1A and Krit1 in cytoskeletal regulation and the presence of STAT1, linked to the urea cycle and tumor development, offered insights into Lucena 1's distinctive biology. The increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I suggested a role in pH regulation. The discovery of COP9, a tumor suppressor targeting p53, further highlighted the Lucena 1 complex molecular landscape. This study offers new insights into the MDR phenotype and its multifactorial consequences in cellular pathways. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms of MDR holds promise for innovating cancer models and antitumor targeted strategies, since inhibiting the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/ABCB1 protein is not always an effective approach given the associated treatment toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Proteómica , Humanos , Proteómica/métodos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Células K562 , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate among all malignancies worldwide. Its high mortality is mainly related to the occurrence of multidrug resistance, which significantly limits therapeutic options. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop compounds that would overcome this phenomenon. There are few reports in the literature that selenium compounds can modulate the activity of P-glycoprotein (MDR1). Therefore, we performed in silico studies and evaluated the effects of the novel selenoesters EDAG-1 and EDAG-8 on BCRP, MDR1, and MRP1 resistance proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The cytometric analysis showed that the tested compounds (especially EDAG-8) are inhibitors of BCRP, MDR1, and MRP1 efflux pumps (more potent than the reference compounds-novobiocin, verapamil, and MK-571). An in silico study correlates with these results, suggesting that the compound with the lowest binding energy to these transporters (EDAG-8) has a more favorable spatial structure affecting its anticancer activity, making it a promising candidate in the development of a novel anticancer agent for future breast cancer therapy.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Compuestos de Organoselenio/química , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/metabolismo , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Células MCF-7 , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inhibidores , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ésteres/farmacología , Ésteres/química , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) might be acquired by the cancer cells during chemotherapy, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a significant role in MDR. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IFN-ß can inhibit cancer cell proliferation; however, the effects and mechanism of these cytokines on the growth and MDR are still unclear. To investigate the effects of IFN-γ and IFN-ß, alone or in combination, on viability, resistance, and the expression of ABC transporters of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Using the MDA-MB-231 cell line, we assessed the effects of 20, 100, and 500 IU/ml of IFN-γ and IFN-ß, alone or in combination, on cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; and then we performed the Uptake and Efflux experiment to evaluate the effect of these IFNs on the cell resistance. Then, using quantitative real-time PCR, we evaluated changes in the expression of ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2 mRNA levels. We discovered that IFN-γ and IFN-ß might both reduce viability, either alone or in combination. The combination of IFNs also displayed synergistic responses, particularly when utilizing equivalent dosages of 500 or 100 IU/ml. The combination of IFN-γ and IFN-ß resulted in a significant increase in Doxorubicin accumulation and down-regulation of the ABCC1 gene at the mRNA level. Our study suggested that equal doses of IFN-γ and IFN-ß in combination might result in potentiated responses against cancer, especially, along with chemotherapy agents.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Proliferación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Interferón beta , Interferón gamma , Humanos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interferón beta/farmacología , Interferón beta/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/metabolismo , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genéticaRESUMEN
Mild photothermal therapy (PTT) shows the potential for chemosensitization by tumor-localized P-glycoprotein (P-gp) modulation. However, conventional mild PTT struggles with real-time uniform temperature control, obscuring the temperature-performance relationship and resulting in thermal damage. Besides, the time-performance relationship and the underlying mechanism of mild PTT-mediated P-gp reversal remains elusive. Herein, we developed a temperature self-limiting lipid nanosystem (RFE@PD) that integrated a reversible organic heat generator (metal-phenolic complexes) and metal chelator (deferiprone, DFP) encapsulated phase change material. Upon NIR irradiation, RFE@PD released DFP for blocking ligand-metal charge transfer to self-limit temperature below 45 °C, and rapidly reduced P-gp within 3 h via Ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Consequently, the DOX·HCl-loaded thermo-chemotherapeutic lipid nanosystem (RFE@PD-DOX) led to dramatically improved drug accumulation and 5-fold chemosensitization in MCF-7/ADR tumor models by synchronizing P-gp reversal and drug pulse liberation, achieving a tumor inhibition ratio of 82.42%. This lipid nanosystem integrated with "intrinsic temperature-control" and "temperature-responsive pulse release" casts new light on MDR tumor therapy.
Asunto(s)
Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Doxorrubicina , Humanos , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Animales , Lípidos/química , Células MCF-7 , Terapia Fototérmica , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Temperatura , Nanopartículas/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the most difficult problem facing conventional chemotherapy for cancers. Astragalus membranaceus is a historically traditional Chinese medicine. One of its bioactive components, formononetin, exhibits antitumor effects on various cancers. However, the effects of formononetin on MDR cancers have not been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the defense's effects of formononetin on MDR. We used rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin efflux assays to analyze the inhibition kinetics of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated-efflux. Cell viability was detected by sulforhodamine B assay, and the synergistic effects of formononetin combined with chemotherapeutic agents were further calculated using CompuSyn software. Molecular docking was performed with iGEMDOCK. We discovered that formononetin considerably induced oxidative stress and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in MDR cancer cells. Furthermore, formononetin inhibits the P-gp efflux function by ATPase stimulation and the uncompetitive inhibition of P-gp-mediated effluxes of rhodamine 123 and doxorubicin. The molecular docking model indicates that formononetin may bind to P-gp by strong hydrogen bonds at Arginine (Arg) 489 and Glutamine (Gln) 912. Formononetin exhibits significant synergistic effects with vincristine and doxorubicin toward MDR cancer cells, and it synergistically suppressed tumor growth in vivo with paclitaxel. These results suggest that formononetin should be seen as a potential candidate for the adjuvant therapy of MDR cancers.
Asunto(s)
Doxorrubicina , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Isoflavonas , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estrés Oxidativo , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Isoflavonas/química , Humanos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Sinergismo FarmacológicoRESUMEN
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of human tumors has resulted in an immediate need to develop appropriate new drugs. This work outlines the development of 20 potent IQQ N-oxide derivatives in two isomeric families, both exhibiting nanomolar GI50 against human tumor cell lines. Preliminary NCI-60 tumor screening sees the C(6) isomers achieve a mean GI50 > 2 times lower than the corresponding C(7) isomers. MDR evaluation of nine selected compounds reveals that each presents lower GI50 concentrations in two MDR tumor cell lines. Four of the series display nanomolar GI50 values against MDR cells, having selectivity ratios up to 2.7 versus the sensitive (parental) cells. The most potent compound 25 inhibits the activity of drug efflux pumps in MDR cells, causes significant ROS accumulation, and potently inhibits cell proliferation, causing alterations in the cell cycle profile. Our findings are confirmed by 3D spheroid models, providing new candidates for studies against MDR cancers.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Proliferación Celular , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Isoquinolinas/química , Isoquinolinas/síntesis química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Fluoresceínas/síntesis química , Fluoresceínas/química , Fluoresceínas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumors is one of the main reasons for the failure of chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance refers to the cross-resistance of tumor cells to multiple antitumor drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action. Current strategies to reverse multidrug resistance in tumors include MDR inhibitors and RNAi technology. siRNA is a small molecule RNA that is widely used in RNAi technology and has the characteristics of being prepared in large quantities and chemically modified. However, siRNA is susceptible to degradation in vivo. The effect of siRNA therapy alone is not ideal, so siRNA and anticancer drugs are administered in combination to reverse the MDR of tumors. Non-viral vectors are now commonly used to deliver siRNA and anticancer drugs to tumor sites. This article will review the progress of siRNA and chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems and their mechanisms for reversing multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Humanos , ARN Interferente Pequeño/administración & dosificación , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/terapia , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Vectores Genéticos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
From previous studies, it is evident that metal-organic gold(I) complexes have antiproliferative activities. The aim of this study is not only to find new anticancer agents but also to overcome existing cytostatic resistance in cancer cells. The synthesis and medicinal evaluation of two cationic 1,3-disubstituted gold(I) bis-tetrazolylidene complexes 1 and 2 are reported. To determine apoptosis-inducing properties of the complexes, DNA fragmentation was measured using propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry. Gold(I) complex 1 targets explicitly malignant cells, effectively inhibiting their growth and selectively inducing apoptosis without signs of necrosis. Even in cells resistant to common treatments such as doxorubicin, it overcomes multidrug resistance and sensitizes existing drug-resistant cells to common cytostatic drugs. It is assumed that gold(I) complex 1 involves the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis and targets members of the BCL-2 family, enhancing its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Apoptosis , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Oro , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Oro/química , Oro/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/síntesis química , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia/patología , Leucemia/metabolismo , Metano/análogos & derivados , Metano/farmacología , Metano/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Nine previously unreported lathyrane diterpenoids named euphorantesters A-I, along with 16 known analogues, have been separated from the tubers of Euphorbia antiquorum. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analyses, time-dependent density functional theory based electronic circular dichroism calculation and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Their reversal ability against P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in MCF-7/ADR cell line was then evaluated, and 15 ones exhibited moderate MDR reversal activity with reversal fold falling in the range of 1.12-13.15. The most active euphorantester B could effectively increase the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cell to adriamycin comparably to the reference drug verapamil.
Asunto(s)
Diterpenos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Euphorbia , Tubérculos de la Planta , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/farmacología , Diterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Euphorbia/química , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Tubérculos de la Planta/química , Estructura Molecular , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Células MCF-7 , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Conformación Molecular , Modelos Moleculares , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as a significant impediment to the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy in clinical therapy, which could promote the development of effective agents for MDR reversal. In this work, we reported the exploration of novel pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent reversal agents capable of enhancing the sensitivity of ABCB1-mediated MDR MCF-7/ADR cells to paclitaxel (PTX). Among them, compound 16q remarkably increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to PTX at 5 µM (IC50 = 27.00 nM, RF = 247.40) and 10 µM (IC50 = 10.07 nM, RF = 663.44). Compound 16q could effectively bind and stabilize ABCB1, and does not affect the expression and subcellular localization of ABCB1 in MCF-7/ADR cells. Compound 16q inhibited the function of ABCB1, thereby increasing PTX accumulation, and interrupting the accumulation and efflux of the ABCB1-mediated Rh123, thus resulting in exhibiting good reversal effects. In addition, due to the potent reversal effects of compound 16q, the abilities of PTX to inhibit tubulin depolymerization, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7/ADR cells under low-dose conditions were restored. These results indicate that compound 16q might be a promising potent reversal agent capable of revising ABCB1-mediated MDR, and pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine might represent a novel scaffold for the discovery of new ABCB1-mediated MDR reversal agents.
Asunto(s)
Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Antineoplásicos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Pirazoles , Pirimidinas , Humanos , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/antagonistas & inhibidores , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Pirazoles/farmacología , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/síntesis química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Estructura Molecular , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Paclitaxel/química , Células MCF-7 , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in modern medicine and the reason for the failure of various therapies. A particularly important problem is the occurrence of multidrug resistance in cancer therapies which affects many cancer patients. Observations on the effect of metformin-a well-known hypoglycemic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes-on cancer cells indicate the possibility of an interaction of this substance with drugs already used and, as a result, an increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to cytostatics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on the occurrence of multidrug resistance of breast cancer cells. The MCF-7-sensitive cell line and the MCF-7/DX cytostatic-resistant cell line were used for this study. WST-1 and LDH assays were used to evaluate the effects of metformin and doxorubicin on cell proliferation and viability. The effect of metformin on increasing the sensitivity of MCF-7 and MCF-7/DX cells to doxorubicin was evaluated in an MDR test. The participation of metformin in increasing the sensitivity of resistant cells to the effect of the cytostatic (doxorubicin) has been demonstrated.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Proliferación Celular , Citostáticos , Doxorrubicina , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Metformina , Humanos , Metformina/farmacología , Células MCF-7 , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Femenino , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citostáticos/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. PCa that relapses after hormonal therapies, referred to as castration resistant PCa (CRPC), often presents with metastases (mCRPC) that are the major cause of mortality. The few available therapies for mCRPC patients include taxanes docetaxel (DTX) and cabazitaxel (CBZ). However, development of resistance limits their clinical use. Mechanistically, resistance arises through upregulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins such as MDR1/ABCB1, making ABCB1 an attractive therapeutic target. Yet, ABCB1 inhibitors failed to be clinically useful due to low specificity and toxicity issues. To study taxanes resistance, we produced CBZ resistant C4-2B cells (RC4-2B) and documented resistance to both CBZ and DTX in cell culture and in 3D prostaspheres settings. RNAseq identified increased expression of ABCB1 in RC4-2B, that was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescent analysis. ABCB1-specific inhibitor elacridar reversed CBZ and DTX resistance in RC4-2B cells, confirming ABCB1-mediated resistance mechanism. In a cell-based screen using a curated library of cytotoxic drugs, we found that DNA damaging compounds Camptothecin (CPT) and Cytarabine (Ara-C) overcame resistance as seen by similar cytotoxicity in parental C4-2B and resistant RC4-2B. Further, these compounds were cytotoxic to multiple PC cells resistant to taxanes with high ABCB1 expression and, therefore, can be used to conquer the acquired resistance to taxanes in PCa. Finally, inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) with small molecule inhibitors (CDK4/6i) potentiated cytotoxic effect of CPT or Ara-C in both parental and resistant cells. Overall, our findings indicate that DNA damaging agents CPT and Ara-C alone or in combination with CDK4/6i can be suggested as a new treatment regimen in CRPC patients, including those that are resistant to taxanes.
Asunto(s)
Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Docetaxel , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Taxoides , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Docetaxel/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Taxoides/farmacología , Taxoides/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Chemotherapy is still the main therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer (GC). However, most patients eventually acquire multidrug resistance (MDR). Hyperactivation of the EGFR signaling pathway contributes to MDR by promoting cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. We previously identified the secreted protein CGA as a novel ligand of EGFR and revealed a CGA/EGFR/GATA2 positive feedback circuit that confers MDR in GC. Herein, we outline a microRNA-based treatment approach for MDR reversal that targets both CGA and GATA2. We observed increased expression of CGA and GATA2 and increased activation of EGFR in GC samples. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-107 could simultaneously target CGA and GATA2, and the low expression of miR-107 was correlated with poor prognosis in GC patients. The direct interactions between miR-107 and CGA or GATA2 were validated by luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of miR-107 in MDR GC cells increased their susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents, including fluorouracil, adriamycin, and vincristine, in vitro. Notably, intratumor injection of the miR-107 prodrug enhanced MDR xenograft sensitivity to chemotherapies in vivo. Molecularly, targeting CGA and GATA2 with miR-107 inhibited EGFR downstream signaling, as evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. These results suggest that miR-107 may contribute to the development of a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of MDR in GC.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Receptores ErbB , Factor de Transcripción GATA2 , MicroARNs , Neoplasias Gástricas , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Factor de Transcripción GATA2/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción GATA2/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/genética , Animales , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ratones , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Retroalimentación Fisiológica , Ratones Desnudos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Two previously unreported lindenane sesquiterpene dimers (1 and 2) with a rare skeleton containing an oxaspiro[4.5]decane moiety were isolated from the roots of Chloranthus holostegius var. trichoneurus. Their structures were elucidated by HRESIMS, NMR, ECD, and NMR quantum chemical calculations, along with DP4+ probability analysis. In bioassay, compound 1 exhibited significant activity to reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR)in MCF-7/ADR cells, with an IC50 value of 4.4 µM. Further mechanistic studies revealed that compound 1 combined with doxorubicin could induce apoptosis of MCF-7/ADR cells and block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Mechanistically, compound 1 could inhibit the efflux function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) using the zebrafish model. Finally, the enhanced chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin were further confirmed by in vivo zebrafish xenograft experiments.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Doxorrubicina , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Raíces de Plantas , Sesquiterpenos , Pez Cebra , Animales , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/química , Células MCF-7 , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida/química , ChinaRESUMEN
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a serious challenge in contemporary clinical practice and is mostly responsible for the failure of cancer medication therapies. Several experimental evidence links MDR to the overexpression of the drug efflux transporter P-gp, therefore, the discovery of novel P-glycoprotein inhibitors is required to treat or prevent MDR and to improve the absorption of chemotherapy drugs via the gastrointestinal system. In this work, we explored a series of novel pyridoquinoxaline-based derivatives designed from parental compounds, previously proved active in enhancing anticancer drugs in MDR nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB). Among them, derivative 10d showed the most potent and selective inhibition of fluorescent dye efflux, if compared to reference compounds (MK-571, Novobiocin, Verapamil), and the highest MDR reversal activity when co-administered with the chemotherapeutic agents Vincristine and Etoposide, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Molecular modelling predicted the two compound 10d binding mode in a ratio of 2:1 with the target protein. No cytotoxicity was observed in healthy microglia cells and off-target investigations showed the absence of CaV1.2 channel blockade. In summary, our findings indicated that 10d could potentially be a novel therapeutic coadjutant by inhibiting P-gp transport function in vitro, thereby reversing cancer multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Antineoplásicos , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Quinoxalinas , Humanos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Quinoxalinas/farmacología , Quinoxalinas/química , Quinoxalinas/síntesis química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/antagonistas & inhibidores , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos MolecularesRESUMEN
Drug resistance remains a significant challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The development of drug-resistant cell lines is crucial to understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance and developing novel drugs to improve clinical outcomes. Here, a novel pancreatic cancer cell line, PDAC-X1, derived from Chinese patients has been established. PDAC-X1 was characterized by the immune phenotype, biology, genetics, molecular characteristics, and tumorigenicity. In vitro analysis revealed that PDAC-X1 cells exhibited epithelial morphology and cell markers (CK7 and CK19), expressed cancer-associated markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, Ki-67, CEA, CA19-9), and produced pancreatic cancer-like organs in suspension culture. In vivo analysis showed that PDAC-X1 cells maintained tumorigenicity with a 100% tumor formation rate. This cell line exhibited a complex karyotype, dominated by subtriploid karyotypes. In addition, PDAC-X1 cells exhibited intrinsic multidrug resistance to multiple drugs, including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin. In conclusion, the PDAC-X1 cell line has been established and characterized, representing a useful and valuable preclinical model to study the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and develop novel drug therapeutics to improve patient outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Masculino , Femenino , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Gemcitabina , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/farmacología , Desoxicitidina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure since it causes the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs from the cancer cells. Solasodine, a steroidal alkaloid and oxaspiro compound, present in the Solanaceae family showed significant cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. However, the effect of solasodine on reversing P-gp mediated drug resistance is still unknown. Primarily in this study, the integrative network pharmacology analysis found 71 common targets between solasodine and cancer MDR, among them NF-κB was found as a potential target. The results of immunofluorescence analysis showed that solasodine significantly inhibits NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation which caused downregulated P-gp expression in KBChR-8-5 cells. Further, solasodine binds to the active sites of the TMD region of P-gp and inhibits P-gp transport activity. Moreover, solasodine significantly promotes doxorubicin intracellular accumulation in the drug resistant cells. Solasodine reduced the fold resistance and synergistically sensitized doxorubicin's therapeutic effects in KBChR-8-5 cells. Additionally, the solasodine and doxorubicin combination treatment increased the apoptotic cell populations and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in KBChR-8-5 cells. The MDR tumor bearing xenograft mice showed tumor-suppressing characteristics and P-gp downregulation during the combination treatment of solasodine and doxorubicin. These results indicate that solasodine targets NF-κB signaling to downregulate P-gp overexpression, inhibit P-gp transport activity, and enhance chemosensitization in MDR cancer cells. Considering its multifaceted impact, solasodine represents a potent natural fourth-generation P-gp modulator for reversing MDR in cancer.
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Apoptosis , Doxorrubicina , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Ratones Desnudos , FN-kappa B , Transducción de Señal , Alcaloides Solanáceos , Humanos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Alcaloides Solanáceos/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Ratones , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genéticaRESUMEN
The management of cattle ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus microplus, poses a global challenge in subtropical regions like Ecuador due to its impact on meat and milk productivity, leading to economic losses. Misuse of acaricides has resulted in resistance and multi-resistance, diminishing their effectiveness. This study evaluated resistance to amitraz, alpha-cypermethrin, and ivermectin using the Larval Packet test, laboratory-reared tick larvae collected from cattle were tested. Data on farm management and tick control practices were gathered via a questionnaire in Northwest Pichincha and Quijos River Valley over two years. Resistance rates in the first year (2020-2021) were 67.21% for amitraz, 57.38% for ivermectin, and 67.21% for alpha-cypermethrin. One year later (2021-2022), resistance levels were 59.57% for amitraz, 57.45% for ivermectin, and 68.09% for alpha-cypermethrin, with multi-resistance rates at 67.21% and 65.96% respectively. No significant differences were found between years or locations. Analysis of larval survival data determined lethal doses for tested acaricides. The study emphasizes the association between the lack of acaricide rotation, the incorrect dosage, and the absence of non-chemical measures in tick management could be associated with the development of resistances in ticks. Likewise, this study promotes the need for collaborative efforts to improve control practices and maintain acaricide efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Acaricidas , Rhipicephalus , Animales , Ecuador , Acaricidas/farmacología , Bovinos , Rhipicephalus/efectos de los fármacos , Piretrinas/farmacología , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Ivermectina/farmacología , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , ToluidinasRESUMEN
A new series of piperazine derivatives were synthesized and studied with the aim of obtaining dual inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and carbonic anhydrase XII (hCA XII) to synergistically overcome the P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells expressing the two proteins, P-gp and hCA XII. Indeed, these hybrid compounds contain both P-gp and hCA XII binding groups on the two nitrogen atoms of the heterocyclic ring. All compounds showed good inhibitory activity on each protein (P-gp and hCA XII) studied individually, and many of them showed a synergistic effect in the resistant HT29/DOX and A549/DOX cell lines which overexpress both the target proteins. In particular, compound 33 displayed the best activity by enhancing the cytotoxicity and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in HT29/DOX and A549/DOX cells, thus resulting as promising P-gp-mediated MDR reverser with a synergistic mechanism. Furthermore, compounds 13, 27 and 32 induced collateral sensitivity (CS) in MDR cells, as they were more cytotoxic in resistant cells than in the sensitive ones; their CS mechanisms were extensively investigated.