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Abstract Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes barrier impairment and bacterial influx. This study explored the protective effects of anisodamine hydrobromide (AH) on intestinal I/R injury caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest (CA). After successful CPR, minipigs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 8): saline and AH (4 mg/kg), and then treated with saline or AH via central venous injection, respectively. The same procedures without ventricular fibrillation initiation were conducted in the Sham group (n = 8). Levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were measured at different time points (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h) in serum and 6 h in gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to evaluate changes in the proportion of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). Moreover, the positive culture rates of GALTs were examined to evaluate bacterial translocation. AH treatment markedly alleviated aberrant arterial blood gas and hemodynamics as well as intestinal macroscopic and morphological changes after CPR. Moreover, AH treatment significantly increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-4 in both serum and GALTs. Furthermore, AH treatment dramatically decreased positive bacterial growth in GALTs. AH treatment mitigated immunosuppression caused by intestinal I/R and protected the intestinal immune barrier against bacterial translocation, thereby reducing the risk of secondary intestinal infection
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Animales , Masculino , Porcinos/clasificación , Porcinos Enanos/clasificación , Daño por Reperfusión/complicaciones , Isquemia/patología , Fibrilación Ventricular/tratamiento farmacológico , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar/clasificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While multiple new larger-bore aspiration catheters have been introduced for stroke thrombectomy, sizeable cohort outcome studies are lacking along with meaningful comparative studies to evaluate whether they represent a clinically relevant improvement compared to predecessors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate comparative angiographic and clinical outcomes between an 071 and 068 aspiration catheter. METHODS: The authors reviewed an institutional thrombectomy database extracting the first 150 consecutive cases utilizing React 71 (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) with a comparison of background/demographic, procedural, angiographic, and clinical outcome variables to a cohort of patients treated with our previously most frequently utilized 0.068-inch aspiration catheter. RESULTS: In our React 71 cohort, successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] 2b-3) was achieved in 95% of cases. In comparison to a prior cohort of 96 patients treated with a 0.068-inch catheter, there was no statistically significant difference in rates of successful reperfusion (TICI 2b-3), initial disposition, and 90-d outcome. However, the frequency of single pass cases was significantly higher in the React 71 cohort (47% vs 35%, P = .019 on multivariate analysis) along with the rate of TICI 2c-3 reperfusion after the first pass (26% vs 14%, P = .019 on multivariate analysis), and final TICI 2c-3 reperfusion (39% vs 28%, P = .04 on multivariate analysis). CONCLUSION: While rates of TICI 2b-3 reperfusion and clinical outcome results were similar, our study suggests that a newer, larger bore aspiration catheter may be associated with a greater frequency of single pass cases and higher quality reperfusion, judged as TICI 2c-3 frequency after the first and final pass.
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Catéteres , Infarto Cerebral/cirugía , Reperfusión/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios de Cohortes , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Endovascular thrombectomy has revolutionized the management of acute ischemic stroke from emergent large vessel occlusion. Continued technological advancement in the field, as evidenced by successive introduction of large bore aspiration catheters with enhanced trackability and large inner diameter, has played a major role in achieving fast and robust recanalization and improved clinical outcome. Here, we present three patients with intraprocedural device malfunction related to the JET 7 XTRA Flex reperfusion catheter.
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Catéteres/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Reperfusión/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Anciano , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We encountered 2 separate instances of damage to JET 7 reperfusion catheters when they were used in conjunction with a stent retriever during mechanical thrombectomy. On both occasions, after 1 or 2 passes with a stent retriever, we found that the distal end of the catheter was frayed and it ballooned up on flushing with saline. This mechanical failure could potentially lead to serious complications; hence, it should be shared with fellow neurointerventionalists.
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Catéteres , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Stents , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Reperfusión/efectos adversos , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of balloon guide catheter (BGC) use has not been prospectively studied and its added value for improving reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment has only been reported in studies in which no contact aspiration was combined with the stent retriever (CA + SR). OBJECTIVE: To compare the reperfusion results and clinical outcomes with and without BGC use when a combined CA + SR strategy is employed in first line to treat AIS. METHODS: From January 2016 to April 2019, data from the ETIS registry (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke) were reviewed. We included patients having undergone endovascular treatment with a combined CA + SR strategy and use or not of a BGC according to the operator's discretion. We compared BGC and nonBGC populations with matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity scores. Primary outcome was the final near-complete/complete revascularization (mTICI2c/3) rate. Secondary outcomes included clinical outcomes and safety considerations. RESULTS: Among 607 included patients, BGC was used in 32.9% (n = 200), and 190 matched pairs could be found. We found no significant difference in final mTICI2c/3 between patients with and without BGC (60.1% in BGC group compared to 62.7% in nonBGC group (matched RR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.80 to 1.14)), first-pass mTICI2c/3 (35.1% vs 37.3%, matched RR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.68 to 1.30), clinical outcome (matched RR of 1.12 (95%CI, 0.85 to 1.47) for favorable outcome. CONCLUSION: The reperfusion and clinical results with and without BGC use are not significantly different when combined CA + SR are used as a first-line strategy for large vessel occlusion in the setting of AIS.
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Catéteres , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paracentesis , Puntaje de Propensión , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reperfusión/métodos , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Trombectomía/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Current resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) literature focuses on improving outcomes through careful patient selection, diligent catheter placement, and expeditious definitive hemorrhage control. However, the detection and treatment of post-REBOA ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an area for potential improvement. Herein, we provide a review of the metabolic derangements that we have encountered while managing post-REBOA IRI in past swine experiments. We also provide data-driven clinical recommendations to facilitate resuscitation post-REBOA deflation that may be translatable to humans. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the laboratory data from 25 swine across three varying hemorrhagic shock models that were subjected to complete REBOA of either 45 minutes, 60 minutes, or 90 minutes. In each model the balloon was deflated gradually following definitive hemorrhage control. Animals were then subjected to whole blood transfusion and critical care with frequent electrolyte monitoring and treatment of derangements as necessary. RESULTS: Plasma lactate peaked and pH nadired long after balloon deflation in all swine in the 45-minute, 60-minute, and 90-minute occlusion models (onset of peak lactate, 32.9 ± 6.35 minutes, 38.8 ± 10.55 minutes, and 49.5 ± 6.5 minutes; pH nadir, 4.3 ± 0.72 minutes, 26.9 ± 12.32 minutes, and 42 ± 7.45 minutes after balloon deflation in the 45-, 60-, and 90-minute occlusion models, respectively). All models displayed persistent hypoglycemia for more than an hour following reperfusion (92.1 ± 105.5 minutes, 125 ± 114.9 minutes, and 96 ± 97.8 minutes after balloon deflation in the 45-, 60-, and 90-minute occlusion groups, respectively). Hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia occurred in all three groups, with some animals requiring treatment more than an hour after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Metabolic derangements resulting from REBOA use are common and may worsen long after reperfusion despite resuscitation. Vigilance is required to detect and proactively manage REBOA-associated IRI. Maintaining a readily available "deflation kit" of pharmacological agents needed to treat common post-REBOA electrolyte abnormalities may facilitate management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V.
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Oclusión con Balón/efectos adversos , Hemorragia/terapia , Reperfusión/efectos adversos , Acidosis/etiología , Animales , Aorta , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hemorragia/metabolismo , Hiperpotasemia/etiología , Hipocalcemia/etiología , Hipoglucemia/etiología , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Choque Hemorrágico/complicaciones , Choque Hemorrágico/metabolismo , Choque Hemorrágico/prevención & control , Porcinos , Equilibrio HidroelectrolíticoRESUMEN
In Japan, the era of thrombectomy for acute stroke started when the Merci retriever was approved in 2010 and the Penumbra system in 2011. New-generation Penumbra catheters (MAX series) and stent retrievers were introduced in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The aim of this study was to clarify the general status and trends in endovascular reperfusion therapy for stroke in Japan from 2010 to 2014. We extracted a total of 3705 patients (72.1 ± 12.2 years, 1482 women) from a nationwide study of patients receiving any neuroendovascular treatment, the Japanese Registry of NeuroEndovascular Therapy 3. Reperfusion therapy resulted in a successful reperfusion rate of 59%, and 31% of patients achieved a favorable outcome at 30 days of onset. The frequency of Merci-including procedures increased to 52% in the first half of 2011, but conversely decreased to 1% in the second half of 2014. The frequency of Penumbra-including procedures increased from 18% in the second half of 2011 to 67% in the first half of 2014, decreasing to 38% in the second half of 2014. The reperfusion rate and 30-day clinical outcomes remained almost unchanged until June 2013, and started to improve thereafter, coincident with the introduction and spread of newer-generation devices. The rate of successful reperfusion reached 71-76%, and 36-38% of patients achieved a favorable outcome in 2014. After multivariate adjustment for preprocedure variables, the calendar period from 2013 to 2014 was significantly associated with improvement in reperfusion rates and clinical outcomes.
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Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Procedimientos Endovasculares/tendencias , Sistema de Registros , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reperfusión/tendencias , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Trombectomía/tendencias , Humanos , JapónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Advanced Thrombectomy System (ANCD) provides a new funnel component designed to reduce clot fragmentation and facilitate retrieval in patients with stroke by locally restricting flow, allowing distal aspiration in combination with a stent retriever (SR). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preclinical efficacy and safety of the ANCD in a swine clot model. METHODS: Soft and firm clots were implanted in the lingual and cervical arteries of 11 swine to obtain Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 0 blood flow. Mechanical thrombectomy was performed with either a balloon guide catheter+Solitaire 2 stent retriever (BGC+SR, n=13) or ANCD+SR (n=13). TICI flow was evaluated and successful revascularization was defined as TICI 3 (normal perfusion). To characterize safety, a total of 3 passes were performed in each vessel independent of recanalization. Tissues were explanted for histopathological analysis after 3 and 30 days, respectively. RESULTS: First pass reperfusion rates were ANCD+SR: 69% and BGC+SR: 46%. Reperfusion increased after the third pass in both groups (ANCD+SR: 100%, vs BGC+SR: 77%). Recanalization was achieved after an average of 1.4 and 1.9 passes in ANCD+SR and BGC+SR (p=0.095), respectively. Vessel injury was comparable in both groups; endothelial loss at 3 days was the most common injury seen (ANCD+SR: 1.78±1.22; BGC+SR: 2.03±1.20; p=0.73), while other histopathological markers were absent or minimal. Tissues downstream from targeted vessels also showed absence or minimal lesions across both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results in a swine clot model support the high efficacy of the ANCD+SR without causing clinically significant vessel injury potentially related to the new funnel component.
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Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Stents/normas , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Trombectomía/normas , Trombosis/cirugía , Animales , Masculino , Reperfusión/efectos adversos , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reperfusión/normas , Porcinos , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The prospective, multicenter Revive Acute ischemic stroke Patients ImmeDiately (RAPID) trial was carried out to evaluate the real-world safety and efficacy of the Revive SE stent retriever. METHODS: From January 2017 the study planned to enroll 100 patients with acute ischemic stroke who were treated with the Revive SE as a first pass. The study primary outcomes were rates of favorable reperfusion using the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score [mTICI] 2b/3 and rates of favorable outcome with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at 3 months. The secondary outcomes were time interval from puncture to vascular reperfusion, number of passes by Revive SE stent-retriever, incidence of distal embolization and into new territories and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) within 24â¯h post intervention. RESULTS: A total of 100 treated patients (mean age: 65.6⯱ 11.3 years) were enrolled. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale before the procedure was 16. Target vessel occlusions were as follows: middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 in 48, M2 in 6, anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in 3, internal carotid artery (ICA) in 22, basilar artery (BA) in 17, and vertebral artery (VA) in 4. Reperfusion rate with Revive SE without rescue devices was 69%. Reperfusion rate with Revive SE only was 83.3% in MCA M2, followed by 82.4% in BA. Thromboembolic complications and SICH developed in 10% and 2% of patients, respectively. Overall, a satisfactory reperfusion was achieved in 92% and a favorable outcome at 90 days in 48%. CONCLUSION: Use of the Revive SE for thrombectomy appeared to be effective and safe but these findings need be confirmed in larger clinical trials (RAPID ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03007082).
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Remoción de Dispositivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/terapia , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Stents , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Anciano , Angiografía Cerebral , China , Femenino , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Terapia Trombolítica , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess preliminary technical and clinical outcomes of Catalyst 5 (CAT 5) as front-line aspiration treatment for M2-M3 occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Patients with symptomatic stroke and distal M2 or M3 occlusions were enrolled retrospectively. A direct aspiration first-pass technique was used as the first treatment option for absolute contraindication to intravenous fibrinolytic therapy. Time to recanalization, first attempt recanalization, and number of attempts were recorded. Successful recanalization was defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score ≥2b; incidence of procedure-related complications was recorded. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at discharge and modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days were evaluated by a dedicated neurologist. RESULTS: A total of 11 acute occlusions of distal M2-M3 segment were treated with a direct aspiration first-pass technique using CAT 5 (mean age 69.3 years). Tandem occlusion was present in 2 cases. Intracranial preocclusive mean vessel diameter was 1.9 mm. Overall modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score ≥2b was obtained in 72.7% of patients with mean time to recanalization of 36.4 minutes and a mean of 1.9 attempts. First-attempt recanalization with CAT 5 was obtained in 54% of patients with a mean time to recanalization of 29.2 minutes. A stent retriever with proximal aspiration was incorporated as a rescue device in 2 cases. Embolization of new territories was reported after CAT 5 aspiration in 1 patient. No intracranial hemorrhage was detected on follow-up computed tomography. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at discharge was 3. At 90 days, a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2 was achieved in 90.9% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary experience using CAT 5 in distal occlusions demonstrates that it may be safe and effective in acute stroke treatment.
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Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Cateterismo/instrumentación , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reperfusión/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Trombectomía/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: A direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) is an alternative technique as first-line thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke, still debated when compared to first-line stent retriever. To retrospectively evaluate technical and clinical outcomes of the ADAPT as first-line treatment for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke with large-bore reperfusion catheters. METHODS: A multicentric data collection from 14 medical centers was retrospectively analyzed. Large-bore catheters had a distal diameter between 0.64 and 0.71 in; stent retriever was added when aspiration alone failed. Baseline characteristics, technical and clinical variables were collected, including NIHSS, thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI), peri-procedural complications, 90-day mRS and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 501 patients were treated. No statistically significant difference in terms of baseline features or tPA administration was recorded between patients treated with ADAPT and with additional stent retriever. ADAPT alone was successful in achieving TICI ≥ 2b in 71.8% with a median of 1.55 aspiration attempts. In terms of TICI ≥ 2b, ADAPT alone was better than additional stent retriever (p < 0.001), while no statistical difference was achieved from catheter diameter. Embolization to a new territory was less frequent in ADAPT group (5.2 vs 18%; p = 0.0026). Patients treated with ADAPT alone had better clinical outcomes in terms of mRS ≤ 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ADAPT is a valid technique with respect to the rates of TICI 2b/3 recanalization and 90-day mRS scores. In this series, an attempt at recanalization with ADAPT with larger-bore reperfusion catheter may be warranted prior to stentriever thrombectomy.
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Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Catéteres , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Angiografía de Substracción Digital , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral/métodos , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Femenino , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reperfusión/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombectomía/métodos , Trombectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Terapia Trombolítica/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The important factor for successful first-pass complete reperfusion (FPR) after combined techniques for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is unclear. We consider that for successful FPR, the aspiration catheter (AC) should reach to and hold the thrombus before the device is pulled out. Therefore, we defined an ART (AC reached thrombus) sign characterized by the cessation of reverse blood flow in aspiration pump and deformation of stent retriever (SR) at the tip of AC. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the ART sign on the outcomes of the combined techniques. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2015 and September 2018 on the data of consecutive patients who underwent MT for anterior circulation stroke using both SR and AC at the first-pass procedure. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on whether the first-pass procedure achieved the ART sign (ARTs group) or not (Non-ARTs group). The primary endpoint was FPR defined as modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 3. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were included in our study (nâ¯=â¯38, ARTs group; nâ¯=â¯28, Non-ARTs group). There were no differences at mTICI 2b/3 (97.3% versus 89.2%, Pâ¯= .30), but the FPR and mTICI3 were more common in the ARTs group (81.5% versus 14.2%, P < .001; and 89.4% versus 32.1%, Pâ¯< .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: ART sign in combined technique was found to be an important factor for successful FPR.
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Infarto Encefálico/terapia , Trombosis Intracraneal/terapia , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Dispositivos de Acceso Vascular , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Infarto Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Encefálico/fisiopatología , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Femenino , Humanos , Trombosis Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis Intracraneal/fisiopatología , Masculino , Reperfusión/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Stents , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Free-floating thrombus (FFT) in the carotid artery has been reported as a rare cause of acute ischaemic stroke. There are various treatment strategies, but higher risk of distal embolism may limit their applicability. A 77-year-old woman noticed right upper arm weakness. A CT angiogram revealed that a large floating thrombus had strayed across the carotid bifurcation, while another thrombus was present in the right axillary artery. As for the carotid FFT, in spite of anticoagulation therapy, the number of asymptomatic microthrombuses gradually increased on diffusion-weighted MRI. We performed endovascular therapy utilising two temporary occlusion balloon catheters and performed direct aspiration with a reperfusion catheter. The procedure was uneventful. We successfully performed a new endovascular technique for FFT in the carotid bifurcation. Our method is effective, minimally invasive and safe.
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Oclusión con Balón/métodos , Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Trombosis/terapia , Anciano , Brazo/irrigación sanguínea , Brazo/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Reperfusión/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Direct aspiration is a recognized technique for revascularization in large-vessel ischemic strokes. There is ongoing debate regarding its efficacy compared with stent retrievers. Every delay in achieving revascularization and a decrease in reperfusion rates reduces the likelihood of patients achieving functional independence. We propose a standardized setup technique for aspiration-first for all anterior circulation thrombectomy procedures for increasing speed and recanalization rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 127 consecutive patients treated by a standardized approach to thrombectomy with an intention to perform aspiration-first compared with 127 consecutive patients treated with a stent retriever-first approach. Key time metrics evaluated included groin to first angiogram, first angiogram to reperfusion, groin to first reperfusion, and length of the procedure. The degree of successful recanalization (TICI 2b-3) and the number of passes were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: In 127 patients who underwent the standardized technique, the median time from groin puncture to first reperfusion was 18 minutes compared with 26 minutes (P < .001). The duration of the procedure was shorter compared with the stent retriever group (26 minutes in the aspiration first group versus 47 minutes, P < .001) and required fewer passes (mean, 2.4 versus 3.1; P < .05). A higher proportion of patients had a TICI score of 2b-3 in the aspiration-first group compared with stent retriever group (96.1% versus 85.8%, P < .005). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the increasing speed and recanalization rates achieved with fewer passes in a standardized approach to thrombectomy with an intention to attempt aspiration-first. Any attempt to reduce revascularization time and increase successful recanalization should be used.
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Reperfusión/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/métodos , Trombectomía/normas , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reperfusión/normas , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After publications on the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy by stent retrievers in acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion, alternative endovascular approaches have been proposed using first-line aspiration catheters. Several devices are currently available to perform A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique. The Sofia catheter aspiration has been widely used by interventionalists, but data are scarce about its efficacy and safety. Our aim was to report our multicenter thrombectomy experience with first-line Sofia catheter aspiration and to identify independent prognostic factors of clinical and procedural outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained Endovascular Treatment of Ischemic Stroke multicentric registry. Data from consecutive patients who benefited from thrombectomy with a first-line Sofia approach between January 2013 and April 2018 were studied. We excluded other first-line approaches (stent retriever or combined aspiration and stent retriever) and extracranial occlusions. Baseline characteristics, procedural data, and angiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 296 patients were treated. Mean age and initial NIHSS score were, respectively, 69.5 years and 16. Successful reperfusion, defined by the modified TICI 2b/3, was obtained in 86.1% (n = 255; 95% CI, 81.7%-89.9%). Complete reperfusion (modified TICI 3) was obtained in 41.2% (n = 122; 95% CI, 35.5%-47.1%). A first-pass effect was achieved in 24.2% (n = 71; 95% CI, 19.4%-29.6%). A rescue stent retriever approach was required in 29.7% (n = 88; 95% CI, 24.6%-35.3%). The complication rate was 9.5% (n = 28; 95% CI, 6.4%-13.5%). Forty-three percent (n = 122; 95% CI, 37.1%-48.9%) of patients presented with a favorable 3-month outcome (mRS ≤ 2). Older age, M1-occlusion topography, and intravenous thrombolysis use prior to thrombectomy were independent predictors of the first-pass effect. CONCLUSIONS: The first-line contact aspiration approach appeared safe and efficient with Sofia catheters. These devices achieved very high reperfusion rates with a low requirement for stent retriever rescue therapy, especially for M1 occlusions.
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Catéteres , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Anciano , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema de Registros , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Reperfusión/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Trombectomía/métodos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The Solitaire stent retriever registry showed improved reperfusion, faster procedure times, and better outcome in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion treated with a balloon guide catheter (BGC) and Solitaire stent retriever compared with a conventional guide catheter. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether use of a BGC with the Trevo stent retriever improves outcomes compared with a conventional guide catheter. METHODS: The TRACK registry recruited 23 sites to submit demographic, clinical, and site adjudicated angiographic and outcome data on consecutive patients treated with the Trevo stent retriever. BGC use was at the discretion of the physician. RESULTS: 536 anterior circulation patients (of whom 279 (52.1%) had BGC placement) were included in this analysis. Baseline characteristics were notable for younger patients in the BGC group (65.4±15.3 vs 68.1±13.6, P=0.03) and lower rate of hypertension (72% vs 79%, P=0.06). Mean time from symptom onset to groin puncture was longer in the BGC group (357 vs 319 min, P=0.06).Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3 scores were higher in the BGC cohort (84% vs 75.5%, P=0.01). There was no difference in reperfusion time, first pass effect, number of passes, or rescue therapy. Good clinical outcome at 3 months was superior in patients with BGC (57% vs 40%; P=0.0004) with a lower mortality rate (13% vs 23%, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that BGC use was an independent predictor of good clinical outcome (OR 2; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In acute stroke patients presenting with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, use of a BGC with the Trevo stent retriever resulted in improved reperfusion, improved clinical outcome, and lower mortality.
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Cateterismo/métodos , Reperfusión/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cateterismo/instrumentación , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema de Registros , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The rate of first-attempt recanalization (FAR) with the newer-generation thrombectomy devices, and more specifically with aspiration devices, is not well known. Moreover, the effect of FAR on outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy is not properly understood. OBJECTIVE: To report the rate of FAR using a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT), investigate the association between FAR and outcomes, and identify the predictors of FAR. METHODS: The ADAPT database was used to identify a subgroup of patients in whom FAR was achieved. Baseline characteristics, procedural, and postprocedural variables were collected. Outcome measures included 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, mortality, and hemorrhagic complications. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify FAR predictors. RESULTS: A total of 524 patients was included of whom 178 (34.0%) achieved FAR. More patients in the FAR group than in the non-FAR group received IV tPA (46.6% vs 37.6%; p<0.05). For the functional outcome, higher proportions of patients in the FAR group achieved functional independence (mRS score 0-2; 53% vs 37%; p<0.05). Additionally, we observed lower mortality and hemorrhagic transformation rates in the FAR group than the non-FAR group. Independent predictors of FAR in the anterior circulation were pretreatment IV tPA, non-tandem occlusion, and use of larger reperfusion catheters (Penumbra, ACE 64-68). Independent predictors of FAR in the posterior circulation were diabetes, onset-to-groin time, and cardioembolic etiology. CONCLUSION: FAR was associated with better functional outcome and lower mortality rate. When ADAPT is used, a larger aspiration catheter and pretreatment IV tPA should be employed when indicated.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Catéteres , Reperfusión/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In acute stroke, distal cerebrovascular occlusions can be linked to severe clinical symptoms, and treatment by mechanical thrombectomy may have an important clinical impact. When intravenous fibrinolytic therapy is firmly contraindicated, it remains the only treatment option. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with isolated distal arterial occlusions and absolute contraindication for intravenous fibrinolytic therapy were retrospectively included. Mechanical thrombectomy was performed using Penumbra 4MAX or 3MAX aspiration catheters. When aspiration alone did not result in successful revascularization, a stent retriever was added. RESULTS: Direct thromboaspiration was the first treatment option in all patients. 16.7% of cases required the additional use of a stent retriever. A TICI score ≥ 2b reperfusion at the end of the procedure was obtained in 76.2% and a Rankin Score of 2 or less at 90 days in 45.7%. Two hemorrhagic complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Direct thromboaspiration appears a safe technique in acute isolated distal arterial occlusions. In a cohort of patients with absolute contraindication for intravenous fibrinolytic therapy, a significant percentage achieved good revascularization.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/etiología , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Longer stent retrievers have recently become available and have theoretical advantages over their shorter counterparts. We aim to evaluate whether stent retriever length impacts reperfusion rates in stroke thrombectomy. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected thrombectomy database in which equal diameter (4 mm) stent retrievers were used as the first-line strategy for intracranial internal carotid or middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 occlusions along with a balloon guide catheter from June 2011 to March 2017. The population was dichotomized into long (Trevo 4×30 mm/Solitaire 4×40 mm) or short (Trevo 4×20 mm/Solitaire 4×20 mm) retrievers. The primary outcome was first-pass modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2b/3 reperfusion. RESULTS: Of 1126 thrombectomies performed within the study period, 420 were included. Age, gender, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, ASPECTS, IV tissue plasminogen activator use, stroke etiology, occlusion site, time from last-known-normal to puncture, distribution of Trevo and Solitaire, and the use of newer generation local thromboaspiration devices were comparable between the long and short retrievers. The short retriever group had more frequent hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atrial fibrillation. First-pass mTICI 2b/3 reperfusion was more common in the long retriever group (62% vs 50%; P=0.01). Parenchymal hematomas type 2, subarachnoid hemorrhage, 90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0-2, and mortality were comparable. Multivariable analysis indicated that long retriever (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.6; P=0.001), radiopaque device (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4; P=0.003), and adjuvant local aspiration (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.3; P=0.003) were independently associated with first-pass reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: The use of longer stent retrievers is an independent predictor of first-pass mTICI 2b/3 reperfusion. First-pass reperfusion was also associated with the use of radiopaque devices and adjuvant local aspiration.
Asunto(s)
Infarto Cerebral/cirugía , Reperfusión/instrumentación , Stents , Accidente Cerebrovascular/cirugía , Trombectomía/instrumentación , Anciano , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Reperfusión/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Trombectomía/métodos , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of A Direct Aspiration first-Pass Thrombectomy (ADAPT) technique with larger-bore ACE aspiration catheters as first-line treatment for anterior circulation emergent large vessel occlusions (ELVOs), and assess for the presence of a first-pass effect with ADAPT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 152 consecutive patients with anterior circulation ELVOs treated with the ADAPT technique as first-line treatment using ACE60, 64, or 68 at our institution. Baseline characteristics, procedural variables, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were treated with ACE60 (37.5%), 35 with ACE64 (23%), and 60 with ACE68 (39.5%). Median groin puncture to reperfusion time was 30 min with ACE60, 26 min with ACE64, and 19.5 min with ACE68. Successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass was 33% with ACE60 and 53% with ACE68 (P=0.04). The stent-retriever rescue rate was 26% with ACE60, 3% with ACE64, and 10% with ACE68 (P=0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, use of the ACE68 aspiration catheter was an independent predictor of successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass (P=0.016, OR1.67, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.54), and successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass was an independent predictor of good clinical outcome at 90 days (P=0.0004, OR6.2, 95% CI 2.27 to 16.8). CONCLUSION: Use of the larger-bore ACE 68 aspiration catheter was associated with shorter groin puncture to reperfusion time, higher rate of successful reperfusion after the first ADAPT pass, and lower rate of stent-retriever rescue. Further, a first-pass effect was demonstrated in our ADAPT patient cohort.