RESUMEN
The high cost of producing conventional hybrid cotton seeds led to more research efforts on cotton male sterility systems. There is a lack of studies on cytology, histology, morphological variation, yield, and altered restorer backgrounds to identify and develop male sterility markers in cotton hybrids. Hybrid cotton can be efficiently produced by exploiting genetic male sterility. Among the 19 Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) genes discovered, the lines with ms5ms6 genes are mostly utilised to establish successful hybrid cotton in India. Molecular markers closely associated with the MS alleles are identified to facilitate the efficient and rapid backcrossing of male-sterility genes into elite lines or cultivars by marker-assisted backcrossing. The majority of the markers which are random DNA markers (RDMs), are probably lost, when recombination occurs. In contradiction, molecular markers (functional markers, or FMs) within the genic region can be identified and employed in crops for diverse traits, if prospective characteristic genes are known. In this review, the mechanism of male sterility, its gene expression level, and the need for functional markers for the male sterility trait in cotton have been put forward.
Asunto(s)
Gossypium , Infertilidad Vegetal , Gossypium/genética , Gossypium/fisiología , Infertilidad Vegetal/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Genes de Plantas/genética , Fitomejoramiento/métodos , Semillas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Alelos , Hibridación Genética/genéticaRESUMEN
Chilean peach growers have achieved worldwide recognition for their high-quality fruit products. Among the main factors influencing peach fruit quality, sweetness is pivotal for maintaining the market's competitiveness. Numerous studies have been conducted in different peach-segregating populations to unravel SSC regulation. However, different cultivars may also have distinct genetic conformation, and other factors, such as environmental conditions, can significantly impact SSC. Using a transcriptomic approach with a gene co-expression network analysis, we aimed to identify the regulatory mechanism that controls the sugar accumulation process in an 'O × N' peach population. This population was previously studied through genomic analysis, associating LG5 with the genetic control of the SSC trait. The results obtained in this study allowed us to identify 91 differentially expressed genes located on chromosome 5 of the peach genome as putative new regulators of sugar accumulation in peach, together with a regulatory network that involves genes directly associated with sugar transport (PpSWEET15), cellulose biosynthesis (PpCSLG2), flavonoid biosynthesis (PpPAL1), pectin modifications (PpPG, PpPL and PpPMEi), expansins (PpEXPA1 and PpEXPA8) and several transcription factors (PpC3H67, PpHB7, PpRVE1 and PpCBF4) involved with the SSC phenotype. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of the SSC trait for future breeding programs in peaches.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Prunus persica , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Azúcares/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , ChileRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sulphotransferase (SOT) enzyme (encoded by a conserved family of SOT genes) is involved in sulphonation of a variety of compounds, through transfer of a sulphuryl moiety from 3'phosphoadenosine- 5'phosphosulphate (PAPS) to a variety of secondary metabolites. The PAPS itself is derived from 3'adenosine-5'phosphosulphate (APS) that is formed after uptake of sulphate ions from the soil. The process provides tolerance against abiotic stresses like drought and heat in plants. Therefore, a knowledge of SOT genes in any crop may help in designing molecular breeding methods for improvement of tolerance for drought and heat. METHODS: Sequences of rice SOT genes and SOT domain (PF00685) of corresponding proteins were both used for identification of SOT genes in wheat and six related species (T. urartu, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum, Z. mays, B. distachyon and Hordeum vulgare), although detailed analysis was conducted only in wheat. The wheat genes were mapped on individual chromosomes and also subjected to synteny and collinearity analysis. The proteins encoded by these genes were examined for the presence of a complete SOT domain using 'Conserved Domain Database' (CDD) search tool at NCBI. RESULTS: In wheat, 107 TaSOT genes, ranging in length from 969 bp to 7636 bp, were identified and mapped onto individual chromosomes. SSRs (simple sequence repeats), microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their target sites were also identified in wheat SOT genes. SOT proteins were also studied in detail. An expression assay of TaSOT genes via wheat RNA-seq data suggested engagement of these genes in growth, development and responses to various hormones and biotic/abiotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study should help in further functional characterization of SOT genes in wheat and other related crops.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Sulfotransferasas , Triticum , Triticum/genética , Triticum/enzimología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Sulfotransferasas/genética , Sulfotransferasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Filogenia , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Calor , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/enzimología , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Oryza/genética , Oryza/enzimología , Genes de PlantasRESUMEN
Allopolyploidy in plants involves the merging of two or more distinct parental genomes into a single nucleus, a significant evolutionary process in the plant kingdom. Transcriptomic analysis provides invaluable insights into allopolyploid plants by elucidating the fate of duplicated genes, revealing evolutionary novelties and uncovering their environmental adaptations. By examining gene expression profiles, scientists can discern how duplicated genes have evolved to acquire new functions or regulatory roles. This process often leads to the development of novel traits and adaptive strategies that allopolyploid plants leverage to thrive in diverse ecological niches. Understanding these molecular mechanisms not only enhances our appreciation of the genetic complexity underlying allopolyploidy but also underscores their importance in agriculture and ecosystem resilience. However, transcriptome profiling is challenging due to genomic redundancy, which is further complicated by the presence of multiple chromosomes sets and the variations among homoeologs and allelic genes. Prior to transcriptome analysis, sub-genome phasing and homoeology inference are essential for obtaining a comprehensive view of gene expression. This review aims to clarify the terminology in this field, identify the most challenging aspects of transcriptome analysis, explain their inherent difficulties, and suggest reliable analytic strategies. Furthermore, bulk RNA-seq is highlighted as a primary method for studying allopolyploid gene expression, focusing on critical steps like read mapping and normalization in differential gene expression analysis. This approach effectively captures gene expression from both parental genomes, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of their combined profiles. Its sensitivity in detecting low-abundance transcripts allows for subtle differences between parental genomes to be identified, crucial for understanding regulatory dynamics and gene expression balance in allopolyploids.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Poliploidía , Transcriptoma , Transcriptoma/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Plantas/genéticaRESUMEN
Maize is a significant food and feed product, and abiotic stress significantly impacts its growth and development. Arabidopsis Toxicosa en Levadura (ATL), a member of the RING-H2 E3 subfamily, modulates various physiological processes and stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, the role of ATL in maize remains unexplored. In this study, we systematically identified the genes encoding ATL in the maize genome. The results showed that the maize ATL family consists of 77 members, all predicted to be located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, with a highly conserved RING domain. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of ATL family genes were significantly different in different tissues. Examination of the abiotic stress data revealed that the expression levels of ATL genes fluctuated significantly under different stress conditions. To further understand the biological functions of maize ATL family genes under high-temperature stress, we studied the high-temperature phenotypes of the maize ZmATL family gene ZmATL10 and its homologous gene AtATL27 in Arabidopsis. The results showed that overexpression of the ZmATL10 and AtATL27 genes enhanced resistance to high-temperature stress.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Zea mays , Zea mays/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Familia de Multigenes , Genoma de Planta/genética , Filogenia , Calor , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma CompletoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the main nutritional resources in the world, and a low environmental impact source of protein. However, the majority of its cultivation areas are affected by drought and this scenario is only expected to worsen with climate change. Stomatal closure is one of the most important plant responses to drought and the MYB60 transcription factor is among the key elements regulating stomatal aperture. If targeting and mutating the MYB60 gene of common bean would be a valuable strategy to establish more drought-tolerant beans was therefore investigated. RESULTS: The MYB60 gene of common bean, with orthology to the Arabidopsis AtMYB60 gene, was found to have conserved regions with MYB60 typical motifs and architecture. Stomata-specific expression of PvMYB60 was further confirmed by q-RT PCR on organs containing stomata, and stomata-enriched leaf fractions. Further, function of PvMYB60 in promoting stomata aperture was confirmed by complementing the defective phenotype of a previously described Arabidopsis myb60-1 mutant. CONCLUSIONS: Our study finally points PvMYB60 as a potential target for obtaining more drought-tolerant common beans in the present context of climate change which would further greatly contribute to food security particularly in drought-prone countries.
Asunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Resistencia a la Sequía , Phaseolus , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Resistencia a la Sequía/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Phaseolus/genética , Phaseolus/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Estomas de Plantas/genética , Estomas de Plantas/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A correct and stably expressing reference gene is prerequisite for successful quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Investigating gene expression profiling during flower development could enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flower formation and fertility in Lycium. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, 11 candidate reference genes in Lycium flower development were selected from transcriptome sequence data and evaluated with five traditional housekeeping genes from previous studies based on qRT-PCR amplification. Comparing the expression stability result of 16 candidate genes using GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta Ct algorithms, Lba04g01649 and Lba12g02820 were validated as the optimal reference genes for the flower development of Lycium. CONCLUSIONS: The reference genes identified in this study would improve the accuracy of qRT-PCR quantification of target gene expression in Lycium flower development and facilitate future functional genomics studies on flower development. This research could lay the foundation for the study of the reproduction and development of the Lycium flower.
Asunto(s)
Flores , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Lycium , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estándares de Referencia , Lycium/genética , Lycium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Flores/genética , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/normas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/normas , Transcriptoma/genética , Genes Esenciales/genética , Hibridación GenéticaRESUMEN
Enhancers are DNA sequences that can strengthen transcription initiation. However, the global identification of plant enhancers is complicated due to uncertainty in the distance and orientation of enhancers, especially in species with large genomes. In this study, we performed self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) for the first time to identify enhancers across the barley genome. A total of 7323 enhancers were successfully identified, and among 45 randomly selected enhancers, over 75% were effective as validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system in the lower epidermis of tobacco leaves. Interestingly, up to 53.5% of the barley enhancers were repetitive sequences, especially transposable elements (TEs), thus reinforcing the vital role of repetitive enhancers in gene expression. Both the common active mark H3K4me3 and repressive mark H3K27me3 were abundant among the barley STARR-seq enhancers. In addition, the functional range of barley STARR-seq enhancers seemed much broader than that of rice or maize and extended to ±100 kb of the gene body, and this finding was consistent with the high expression levels of genes in the genome. This study specifically depicts the unique features of barley enhancers and provides available barley enhancers for further utilization.
Asunto(s)
Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hordeum , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/metabolismo , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Histonas/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodosRESUMEN
Improving crop plants using biotechnological implications is a promising and modern approach compared to traditional methods. High-temperature exposure to the reproductive stage induces flower abortion and declines grain filling performance, leading to smaller grain production and low yield in lentil and other legumes. Thus, cloning effective candidate genes and their implication in temperature stress tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using biotechnological tools is highly demandable. The 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are flavin mononucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases with vital roles in plants. They are members of the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family. These enzymes are involved in the octadecanoid pathway, which contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and is essential in plant stress responses. Lentil is one of the vital legume crops affected by the temperature fluctuations caused by global warming. Therefore, in this study, the LcOPR1 gene was successfully cloned and isolated from lentils using RT-PCR to evaluate its functional responses in lentil under heat stress. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the full-length cDNA of LcOPR1 was 1303 bp, containing an 1134 bp open reading frames (ORFs), encoding 377 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 41.63 and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.61. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the deduced LcOPR1 possesses considerable homology with other plant 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that LcOPR1 has an evolutionary relationship with other OPRs in different plant species of subgroup I, containing enzymes that are not required for jasmonic acid biosynthesis. The expression analysis of LcOPR1 indicated that this gene is upregulated in response to the heat-stress condition and during recovery in lentil. This study finding might be helpful to plant breeders and biotechnologists in LcOPR1 engineering and/or plant breeding programs in revealing the biological functions of LcOPR1 in lentils and the possibility of enhancing heat stress tolerance by overexpressing LcOPR1 in lentil and other legume plants under high temperature.
Asunto(s)
Clonación Molecular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Lens (Planta) , Filogenia , Lens (Planta)/genética , Lens (Planta)/enzimología , Clonación Molecular/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Calor , Genes de Plantas , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/genética , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas actuantes sobre Donantes de Grupo CH-CHRESUMEN
Tea, a globally popular beverage, contains various beneficial secondary metabolites. Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) exhibit diverse genetic traits across cultivars, impacting yield, adaptability, morphology, and secondary metabolite composition. Many tea cultivars have been the subject of much research interest, which have led to the accumulation of publicly available RNA-seq data. As such, it has become possible to systematically summarize the characteristics of different cultivars at the transcriptomic level, identify functional genes, and infer gene functions through co-expression analysis. Here, the transcriptomes of 9 tea cultivars were assembled, and comparative analysis was conducted on the coding sequences of 13 cultivars. To give access to this data, we present TeaNekT (https://teanekt.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/), a web resource that facilitates the prediction of gene functions of various tea cultivars. We used TeaNekT to perform a cross-cultivar comparison of co-expressed gene clusters and tissue-specific gene expression. We observed that 'Anji Baicha' possesses the highest number of cultivar-specific genes and the second-highest number of expanded genes. These genes in 'Anji Baicha' tend to be enriched in functions associated with cold stress response, chloroplast thylakoid structure, and nitrogen metabolism. Notably, we identified three significantly expanded homologous genes in 'Anji Baicha' encoding the ICE1, SIZ1, and MAPKK2, which are closely associated with the cold sensitivity of 'Anji Baicha'. Additionally, one significantly expanded homologous gene in 'Anji Baicha' encoding regulatory factor RIQ may play a crucial role in the abnormal chloroplast structure and absence of thylakoid membranes in 'Anji Baicha'.
Asunto(s)
Camellia sinensis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Transcriptoma , Camellia sinensis/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Frío , Genes de Plantas/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Respuesta al Choque por Frío/genética , Bases de Datos GenéticasRESUMEN
Cytoplasmic male sterility has been a popular genetic tool in development of hybrids. The molecular mechanism behind maternal sterility varies from crop to crop. An understanding of underlying mechanism can help in development of new functional CMS gene in crops which lack effective and stable CMS systems. In crops where seed or fruit is the commercial product, fertility must be recovered in F1 hybrids so that higher yield gains can be realized. This necessitates the presence of fertility restorer gene (Rf) in nucleus of male parent to overcome the effect of sterile cytoplasm. Fertility restoring genes have been identified in crops like wheat, maize, sunflower, rice, pepper, sugar beet, pigeon pea etc. But in crops like eggplant, bell pepper, barley etc. unstable fertility restorers hamper the use of Cytoplasmic genic male sterility (CGMS) system. Stability of CGMS system is influenced by environment, genetic background or interaction of these factors. This review thus aims to understand the genetic mechanisms controlling mitochondrial-nuclear interactions required to design strong and stable restorers without any pleiotropic effects in F1 hybrids.
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Citoplasma , Fertilidad , Infertilidad Vegetal , Infertilidad Vegetal/genética , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Citoplasma/genética , Fertilidad/genética , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Fitomejoramiento/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/genéticaRESUMEN
MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding RNA, is crucial for controlling gene expression. Among the various miRNA families, miR166 stands out as a highly conserved group found in both model and crop plants. It plays a key role in regulating a wide range of developmental and environmental responses. In this review, we explore the diverse sequences of MIR166s in major crops and discuss the important regulatory functions of miR166 in plant growth and stress responses. Additionally, we summarize how miR166 interacts with other miRNAs and highlight the potential for enhancing agronomic traits by manipulating the expression of miR166 and its targeted HD-ZIP III genes.
Asunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , MicroARNs , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Productos Agrícolas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , ARN de Planta/genética , Desarrollo de la Planta/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
Gene expression in Arabidopsis is regulated by more than 1,900 transcription factors (TFs), which have been identified genome-wide by the presence of well-conserved DNA-binding domains. Activator TFs contain activation domains (ADs) that recruit coactivator complexes; however, for nearly all Arabidopsis TFs, we lack knowledge about the presence, location and transcriptional strength of their ADs1. To address this gap, here we use a yeast library approach to experimentally identify Arabidopsis ADs on a proteome-wide scale, and find that more than half of the Arabidopsis TFs contain an AD. We annotate 1,553 ADs, the vast majority of which are, to our knowledge, previously unknown. Using the dataset generated, we develop a neural network to accurately predict ADs and to identify sequence features that are necessary to recruit coactivator complexes. We uncover six distinct combinations of sequence features that result in activation activity, providing a framework to interrogate the subfunctionalization of ADs. Furthermore, we identify ADs in the ancient AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR family of TFs, revealing that AD positioning is conserved in distinct clades. Our findings provide a deep resource for understanding transcriptional activation, a framework for examining function in intrinsically disordered regions and a predictive model of ADs.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Dominios Proteicos , Factores de Transcripción , Activación Transcripcional , Arabidopsis/química , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/clasificación , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Secuencia Conservada/genética , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas Intrínsecamente Desordenadas , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Proteoma/química , Proteoma/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/química , Factores de Transcripción/clasificación , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Activación Transcripcional/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: JUB1, a NAC domain containing hydrogen peroxide-induced transcription factor, plays a critical role in plant immunity. Little is known about how JUB1 responds to leaf rust disease in wheat. Recent discoveries in genomics have also unveiled a multitude of sORFs often assumed to be non-functional, to argue for the necessity of including them as potential regulatory players of translation. However, whether methylation on sORFs spanning the 3'UTR of regulatory genes like JUB1 modulate gene expression, remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we identified the methylation states of two sORFs in 3'UTR of a homologous gene of JUB1 in wheat, TaJUB1-L, at cytosine residues in CpG, CHH and CHG sites at different time points of disease progression in two near-isogenic lines of wheat (HD2329), with and without Lr24 gene during leaf rust pathogenesis. Here, we report a significant demethylation of the CpG dinucleotides occurring in the sORFs of the 3'UTR in the resistant isolines after 24 h post-infection. Also, the up-regulated gene expression observed through RT-qPCR was directly proportional to the demethylation of the CpG sites in the sORFs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that TaJUB1-L might be a positive regulator in providing tolerance during leaf rust pathogenesis and cytosine methylation at 3'UTR might act as a switch for its expression control. These results enrich the potential benefit of conventional methylation assay techniques for unraveling the unexplored enigma in epigenetics during plant-pathogen interaction in a cost-effective and confidentially conclusive manner.
Asunto(s)
Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Metilación de ADN , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Factores de Transcripción , Triticum , Triticum/microbiología , Triticum/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Regiones no Traducidas 3'/genética , Metilación de ADN/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Basidiomycota/patogenicidad , Basidiomycota/genética , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , 5-Metilcitosina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop widely cultivated worldwide, and drought is the main environmental factor limiting its yield enhancement and the expansion of planted areas. SIMILAR TO RCD ONE (SRO) is a plant-specific small gene family that plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses such as drought. However, the functional role of SROs in rapeseed remains poorly understood. In this study, 19 BnaSROs were identified from the rapeseed genome, with 9, 10, 10, 18, and 20 members identified from the genomes of Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, and Brassica carinata, respectively. We then analyzed their sequence characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and conserved domains, and explored the collinearity relationships of the SRO members in Brassica napus and Brassica juncea. Next, we focused on the analysis of tissue expression and stress-responsive expression patterns of rapeseed SRO members and examined their expression profiles under ABA, MeJA and water-deficit drought treatments using qPCR. Transcriptome data analysis and qPCR detection indicated that BnaSROs exhibit multiple stress-responsive expression patterns. BnaSRO1 and BnaSRO11, which are likely to function through interactions with NAC transcription factors, were screened as major drought-regulated members. Our results provide a solid foundation for functional analysis of the role of the SRO gene family in abiotic stress responses, especially drought stress responses, in rapeseed.
Asunto(s)
Brassica napus , Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Estrés Fisiológico , Brassica napus/genética , Brassica napus/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Familia de Multigenes , Genes de PlantasRESUMEN
MYB transcription factors have been linked to anthocyanin synthesis and various color phenotypes in plants. In apple, MYB10 confers a red-flesh phenotype due to a minisatellite insertion in its R6 promoter, but R6:MYB10 genotypes exhibit various degrees of red pigmentation in the flesh, suggesting the involvement of other genetic factors. Here, it is shown that MdWRKY10, a transcription factor identified via DNA pull-down trapping, binds to the promoter of MdMYB10 and activates its transcription. MdWRKY10 specifically interacts with the WDR protein MdTTG1 to join the apple MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex, which significantly enhances its transcriptional activation activity. A 163-bp InDel detected in the promoter region of the alleles of MdWRKY10 in a hybrid population of identical heterozygous genotypes regarding R6 by structural variation analysis, contains a typical W-box element that MdWRKY10 binds to for transactivation. This leads to increased transcript levels of MdWRKY10 and MdMYB10 and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh, largely accounting for the various degrees of flesh red pigmentation in the R6 background. These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of the WRKY-containing protein complex in the formation of red flesh apple phenotypes and provide broader insights into the molecular mechanism governing anthocyanin synthesis in plants.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Malus , Fenotipo , Pigmentación , Proteínas de Plantas , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Factores de Transcripción , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Pigmentación/genética , Malus/genética , Malus/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Mutación INDEL/genética , Antocianinas/genética , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Genotipo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Plant WRKY transcription factors are responsible for biotic and abiotic stresses and play an important role in enhancing their adaptability. The AtWRKY33 is a gene that functions in response to abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought, salinity, etc. In this study, a recombinant vector YG8198-ZmWRKY53 carrying the ZmWRKY53, an interspecific homolog of the dicotyledonous AtWRKY33, was transferred to rice plants by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The ectopic expression of the ZmWRKY53 in transgenic rice plants conferred cold tolerance with a higher accumulation of free proline and water-soluble sugars, an increase in chlorophyll content, a decrease in electrolyte leakage rate and MDA levels compared to control plants. This result suggests that ZmWRKY53 may confer cold tolerance in rice.
Asunto(s)
Frío , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Oryza , Proteínas de Plantas , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Oryza/genética , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oryza/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Prolina/metabolismo , Prolina/genética , Clorofila/metabolismo , Clorofila/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: AP2/ERF is a large family of plant transcription factor proteins that play essential roles in signal transduction, plant growth and development, and responses to various stresses. The AP2/ERF family has been identified and verified by functional analysis in various plants, but so far there has been no comprehensive study of these factors in Chinese prickly ash. Phylogenetic, motif, and functional analyses combined with transcriptome analysis of Chinese prickly ash fruits at different developmental stages (30, 60, and 90 days after anthesis) were conducted in this study. RESULTS: The analysis identified 146 ZbAP2/ERF genes that could be classified into 15 subgroups. The motif analysis revealed the presence of different motifs or elements in each group that may explain the functional differences between the groups. ZbERF13.2, ZbRAP2-12, and ZbERF2.1 showed high levels of expression in the early stages of fruit development. ZbRAP2-4, and ZbERF3.1 were significantly expressed at the fruit coloring stage (R2 and G2). ZbERF16 were significantly expressed at fruit ripening and expression level increased as the fruit continued to develop. Relative gene expression levels of 6 representative ZbAP2/ERFs assessed by RT-qPCR agreed with transcriptome analysis results. CONCLUSIONS: These genes identified by screening can be used as candidate genes that affect fruit development. The results of the analysis can help guide future genetic improvement of Chinese prickly ash and enrich our understanding of AP2/ERF transcription factors and their regulatory functions in plants.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Factores de Transcripción , Zanthoxylum , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Genoma de Planta , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Zanthoxylum/genética , Zanthoxylum/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Salvia rosmarinus spenn. (rosemary) is considered an economically important ornamental and medicinal plant and is widely utilized in culinary and for treating several diseases. However, the procedure behind synthesizing secondary metabolites-based bioactive compounds at the molecular level in S. rosmarinus is not explored completely. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed transcriptomic sequencing of the pooled sample from leaf and stem tissues on the Illumina HiSeqTM X10 platform. The transcriptomics analysis led to the generation of 29,523,608 raw reads, followed by data pre-processing which generated 23,208,592 clean reads, and de novo assembly of S. rosmarinus obtained 166,849 unigenes. Among them, nearly 75.1% of unigenes i.e., 28,757 were interpreted against a non-redundant protein database. The gene ontology-based annotation classified them into 3 main categories and 55 sub-categories, and clusters of orthologous genes annotation categorized them into 23 functional categories. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database-based pathway analysis confirmed the involvement of 13,402 unigenes in 183 biochemical pathways, among these unigenes, 1,186 are involved in the 17 secondary metabolite production pathways. Several key enzymes involved in producing aromatic amino acids and phenylpropanoids were identified from the transcriptome database. Among the identified 48 families of transcription factors from coding unigenes, bHLH, MYB, WRKYs, NAC, C2H2, C3H, and ERF are involved in flavonoids and other secondary metabolites biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: The phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationship between the phenylpropanoid pathway genes of rosemary with other members of Lamiaceae. Our work reveals a new molecular mechanism behind the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and their regulation in rosemary plants.
Asunto(s)
Vías Biosintéticas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Filogenia , Salvia , Transcriptoma , Transcriptoma/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Vías Biosintéticas/genética , Salvia/genética , Salvia/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinales/genética , Plantas Medicinales/metabolismo , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Ontología de Genes , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Propanoles/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chitinase (Chi) is a pathogenesis-related protein, also reported to play an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, its role in response to abiotic stress in barley is still unclear. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 61 Chi gene family members were identified from the whole genome of wild barley EC_S1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these family genes were divided into five groups. Among these genes, four pairs of collinearity genes were discovered. Besides, abundant cis-regulatory elements, including drought response element and abscisic acid response element were identified in the promoter regions of HvChi gene family members. The expression profiles revealed that most HvChi family members were significantly up-regulated under drought stress, which was also validated by RT-qPCR measurements. To further explore the role of Chi under drought stress, HvChi22 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Compared to wild-type plants, overexpression of HvChi22 enhanced drought tolerance by increasing the activity of oxidative protective enzymes, which caused less MDA accumulation. CONCLUSION: Our study improved the understanding of the Chi gene family under drought stress in barley, and provided a theoretical basis for crop improvement strategies to address the challenges posed by changing environmental conditions.