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Objetivo: Este artigo discute o desenvolvimento da regionalização do SUS e sustenta que o processo obedeceu a três etapas: a descentralização rumo a uma estruturação das redes municipais de saúde; a estruturação das regiões com redes hierarquizadas de serviços de saúde e aos desenhos institucionais de participação negociada (Pacto da Saúde); e, da regionalização contratualizada, na qual o Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública (COAP) se constitui como instrumento de referência. Metodologia: O enfoque metodológico empreendido na elaboração deste artigo foi o do tipo qualitativo, decorrendo daí uma análise bibliográfica de literatura especializada capturada a partir dos descritores Federalismo brasileiro e Regionalização da Saúde. Resultados: O federalismo brasileiro apresenta disfunções e falta de capacidade coordenativa. Conclusão: Pode-se inferir que o processo de regionalização do SUS sofre com os descaminhos do pacto federativo nacional, além das tensões atinentes à própria disputa em torno do fundo público da saúde. (AU)

Objetivo: Este artículo discute el desarrollo de la regionalización del SUS y sostiene que el proceso obedeció a tres etapas: la descentralización hacia una estructuración de las redes municipales de salud; la estructuración de las regiones con redes jerarquizadas de servicios de salud y los diseños institucionales de participación negociada (Pacto de Salud); y de la regionalización contractualizada, en la cual el Contrato Organizativo de Acción Pública (COAP) se constituye como instrumento de referencia. Metodologia: El enfoque metodológico emprendido en la elaboración de este artículo fue el del tipo cualitativo, resultando de ahí un análisis bibliográfico de literatura especializada capturada a partir de los descriptores Federalismo brasileño y Regionalización de la Salud. Resultados: El federalismo brasileño apresenta disfunciones y falta de capacidad coordinadora. Conclusión: Se puede inferir que el proceso de regionalización del SUS sufre con los descaminos del pacto federativo nacional, además de las tensiones relativas a la propia disputa en torno al fondo público de la salud. (AU)

Objective: This article discusses the development of SUS´s regionalization and maintains that the process followed three stages: decentralization towards a structuring of municipal health networks; the structuring of the regions with hierarchical networks of health services and the institutional designs of negotiated participation (Health Pact); and of contractualized regionalization, in which the Public Action Organizational Contract (PAOC) constitutes a reference instrument. Methodology: The methodological approach undertaken in the elaboration of this article was qualitative, resulting in a bibliographical analysis of specialized literature captured from the descriptors Brazilian Federalism and Regionalization of Health. Results: The Brazilian federalism introduce dysfunctions and lack of coordinating capacity. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the SUS's regionalization process suffers from the misconduct of the national federative pact, in addition to the tensions related to the dispute itself about the public fund of health. (AU)

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This study aims to analyze the perception of managers of the Councils of Municipal Health Secretariats (COSEMS) and their contributions to the health regionalization process. We conducted thorough interviews with presidents of COSEMS of the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Ceará, Tocantins and Minas Gerais. Data were analyzed with Iramuteq software, which generated a dendrogram with three themes: The first thematic axis: the prominent role of COSEMS in the regional governance process, which includes class 1 - COSEMS' leadership in the process of regionalization, and class 3 - The strategic experience of the regional agreement process. The second thematic axis includes the challenges to the provision of health care in the regions, consisting of class 2, which shows how to meet community needs, and class 4, which shows the local support carried out by COSEMS' teams. The third thematic axis consists of class 5, which describes the operational aspects of the provision of health care in the region. COSEMS play an important role in the regionalization process, especially because they have an organic performance and leadership. Its organic performance in these areas has ensured its legitimacy and leadership. It is a daily construction that ensures the advancement of collaborative governance in health regions.

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This article examines the regionalization process in the Brazilian Health System, identifying frameworks and challenges of this process from critical dialogue on the subject, contextualized by the experience of the management system and in the light of an established theoretical debate in the last decade. We used the thematic content analysis of legal and documentary surveys of the regionalization process in SUS, collated by elements of the historical and political context in the period. As evidence, it appears that the regionalization process has been incremental decentralization/deconcentration of management and health actions and services. There are important challenges, particularly in relation to ensuring access and system governance structure, which contributes to critical thinking and construction of new perspectives by those who lead their implementation.

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This paper analyzes the implementation process of the Public Action Organizational Contract (Coap) and its impacts on state agendas of SUS regionalization, comparing the different institutional reactions of the states to the strategy proposed by Decree 7.508/11. The comparison of developing dynamics of state agendas took as reference a normative baseline structured in eight strategic political-institutional moments in the implementation of the Coap in accordance with the logic defined in Decree 7.508/11. We collected data through a questionnaire containing 35 questions (1 open, 25 closed and 9 mixed) and extensive documentary research in 2013 and 2014 in all states, except for the Federal District. Results showed that state agendas were distributed around three differentiated developing patterns: six states maintained greater distance from the national agenda established by Decree 7.508/11, engaging in a very fragmented way; 12 states engaged in the Coap agenda, selectively focusing on specific moments or stages, strengthening the process they have been developing; and 10 states maintained greater performance regularity during the eight moments of the Coap implementation cycle.

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This paper aims to analyze the potential, limits and challenges of regional governance in the implementation process of health care networks in three Brazilian regions: Alto Solimões (Amazonas), Belém (Pará) and an interstate region comprising Tocantins, Pará and Maranhão states (Topama). The study is based on the evaluation study on the implementation of the Quality Health Care Network Development and Improvement Project (QualiSUS-Rede). This is a qualitative multiple case study with the analysis of official documents and use of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders conducted from July to December 2014. Governance review encompassed three components: stakeholders involved, especially local steering groups and their regional coordination capacity; strategies used for strengthening regional governance, anchored on the intervention's modeling; and implementation of local health care networks. Results point that the regional managing commissions were the main governance strategy and that the QualiSUS-Rede Project strengthened regional governance and integration differently in every case, depending on stakeholders' administration and consensus capacity on regional and political priorities.

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This review focuses only on specific studies into the SUS regionalization process, which were based on empirical results and published since 2006, when the SUS was already under the aegis of the Pact for Health framework. It was found that the regionalization process is now underway in all spheres of government, subject to a set of challenges common to the different realities of the country. These include, primarily, that committee-structured entities are valued as spaces for innovation, yet also strive to overcome the bureaucratic and clientelist political culture. Regional governance is further hampered by the fragmentation of the system and, in particular, by the historical deficiency in planning, from the local level to the strategic policies for technology incorporation. The analyses enabled the identification of a culture of broad privilege for political negotiation, to the detriment of planning, as one of the main factors responsible for a vicious circle that sustains technical deficiency in management.

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Resumo Nesta revisão foram incluídos apenas estudos específicos sobre o processo de regionalização do SUS, baseados em resultados empíricos e publicados a partir de 2006, já sob o referencial do Pacto pela Saúde. Foi evidenciado que o processo de regionalização é hoje uma realidade em todas as esferas de governo, sujeito a um conjunto de desafios comuns às diversas realidades do país. Entre os principais, os colegiados são valorizados com espaços de inovação, mas ainda em busca da superação da cultura política burocrática e clientelista. A governança regional é ainda prejudicada pela fragmentação do sistema e, em particular, pela histórica deficiência com planejamento, desde o nível local às políticas estratégicas de incorporação tecnológica. As análises permitiram implicar a cultura de amplo privilégio para negociação política em detrimento do planejamento como uma das principais responsáveis por um ciclo vicioso que sustenta a deficiência técnica da gestão.

Abstract This review focuses only on specific studies into the SUS regionalization process, which were based on empirical results and published since 2006, when the SUS was already under the aegis of the Pact for Health framework. It was found that the regionalization process is now underway in all spheres of government, subject to a set of challenges common to the different realities of the country. These include, primarily, that committee-structured entities are valued as spaces for innovation, yet also strive to overcome the bureaucratic and clientelist political culture. Regional governance is further hampered by the fragmentation of the system and, in particular, by the historical deficiency in planning, from the local level to the strategic policies for technology incorporation. The analyses enabled the identification of a culture of broad privilege for political negotiation, to the detriment of planning, as one of the main factors responsible for a vicious circle that sustains technical deficiency in management.

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Resumo Este artigo analisa o processo de implementação do Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública e seus impactos sobre as agendas estaduais de regionalização no SUS, comparando as diferentes reações institucionais das unidades federadas diante da estratégia proposta pelo Decreto 7.508/11. A comparação da dinâmica de evolução das agendas estaduais tomou como referência uma linha de base normativa estruturada em 8 (oito) momentos político-institucionais considerados estratégicos na implementação do COAP de acordo com a lógica definida no Decreto 7.508/11. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário contendo 35 questões, sendo 1 aberta, 25 fechadas e 9 mistas, e de extensa pesquisa documental nos anos de 2013 e 2014em todas as unidades da federação, com exceção do Distrito Federal. Os resultados mostraram que as agendas estaduais se distribuíram em torno de três padrões diferenciados de evolução: 6 estados mantiveram maior distanciamento em relação à agenda nacional estabelecida pelo Decreto 7.508/11, se engajando de forma muito fragmentada;12 estados se engajaram na agenda do COAP de forma seletiva focando nos momentos ou etapas específicas, fortalecendo processo que já vinham desenvolvendo; e 10 estados mantiveram maior regularidade de atuação ao longo dos 8 momentos do ciclo de implementação do COAP.

Abstract This paper analyzes the implementation process of the Public Action Organizational Contract (Coap) and its impacts on state agendas of SUS regionalization, comparing the different institutional reactions of the states to the strategy proposed by Decree 7.508/11. The comparison of developing dynamics of state agendas took as reference a normative baseline structured in eight strategic political-institutional moments in the implementation of the Coap in accordance with the logic defined in Decree 7.508/11. We collected data through a questionnaire containing 35 questions (1 open, 25 closed and 9 mixed) and extensive documentary research in 2013 and 2014 in all states, except for the Federal District. Results showed that state agendas were distributed around three differentiated developing patterns: six states maintained greater distance from the national agenda established by Decree 7.508/11, engaging in a very fragmented way; 12 states engaged in the Coap agenda, selectively focusing on specific moments or stages, strengthening the process they have been developing; and 10 states maintained greater performance regularity during the eight moments of the Coap implementation cycle.

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Resumo O artigo objetiva analisar potencialidades, limites e desafios da governança regional no processo de implementação de redes de atenção à saúde, em três regiões da Amazônia: Alto Solimões (AM), Metropolitana de Belém (PA) e Topama, região interestadual englobando os estados de Tocantins, Pará e Maranhão. Tem por base pesquisa avaliativa da implementação do Projeto de Formação e Melhoria da Qualidade da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (QualiSUS-Rede). Trata-se de investigação qualitativa, por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos, tendo como fontes a análise de documentos oficiais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave, realizadas entre julho e dezembro de 2014. A análise da governança abarcou três componentes: os atores envolvidos, sobretudo os grupos condutores locais e sua capacidade de coordenação e articulação regional; as estratégias para o fortalecimento da governança regional, ancoradas na modelização da intervenção; e a implementação das redes de atenção. Os resultados apontam que as comissões gestoras regionais conformaram a principal estratégia da governança e que o Projeto QualiSUS-Rede reforçou a governança e a integração regional de modo diferenciado entre os casos, a depender da capacidade de direção e consenso entre os atores sobre as prioridades regionais e políticas.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the potential, limits and challenges of regional governance in the implementation process of health care networks in three Brazilian regions: Alto Solimões (Amazonas), Belém (Pará) and an interstate region comprising Tocantins, Pará and Maranhão states (Topama). The study is based on the evaluation study on the implementation of the Quality Health Care Network Development and Improvement Project (QualiSUS-Rede). This is a qualitative multiple case study with the analysis of official documents and use of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders conducted from July to December 2014. Governance review encompassed three components: stakeholders involved, especially local steering groups and their regional coordination capacity; strategies used for strengthening regional governance, anchored on the intervention's modeling; and implementation of local health care networks. Results point that the regional managing commissions were the main governance strategy and that the QualiSUS-Rede Project strengthened regional governance and integration differently in every case, depending on stakeholders' administration and consensus capacity on regional and political priorities.

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Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos gestores dos Conselho de Secretários Municipais (COSEMS) e as suas contribuições para o processo de regionalização em saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com os presidentes dos COSEMS dos Estados de Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Ceará, Tocantins e Minas Gerais. Os dados analisados com o "software Iramuteq", que gerou um dendograma com o primeiro eixo temático: o protagonismo dos COSEMS no processo de governança regional que contém a classe 1, a liderança do COSEMS no processo de regionalização, e a classe 3, a experiência estratégica do processo de pactuação regional. E o segundo eixo temático, os desafios para provisão da atenção à saúde nas regiões, composto pela classe 2, que aborda como atender as necessidades da comunidade, e pela classe 4, que demonstra o apoio local realizado pelas esquipes dos COSEMS. O terceiro eixo temático, composto pela classe 5, descreve os aspectos operacionais da provisão da atenção à saúde na região. No processo de regionalização, os COSEMS têm importante protagonismo, sobretudo porque possuem atuação orgânica e liderança. Trata-se, pois, de construção cotidiana que garante o avanço da governança colaborativa nas regiões de saúde.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the perception of managers of the Councils of Municipal Health Secretariats (COSEMS) and their contributions to the health regionalization process. We conducted thorough interviews with presidents of COSEMS of the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Ceará, Tocantins and Minas Gerais. Data were analyzed with Iramuteq software, which generated a dendrogram with three themes: The first thematic axis: the prominent role of COSEMS in the regional governance process, which includes class 1 - COSEMS' leadership in the process of regionalization, and class 3 - The strategic experience of the regional agreement process. The second thematic axis includes the challenges to the provision of health care in the regions, consisting of class 2, which shows how to meet community needs, and class 4, which shows the local support carried out by COSEMS' teams. The third thematic axis consists of class 5, which describes the operational aspects of the provision of health care in the region. COSEMS play an important role in the regionalization process, especially because they have an organic performance and leadership. Its organic performance in these areas has ensured its legitimacy and leadership. It is a daily construction that ensures the advancement of collaborative governance in health regions.

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Resumo O presente artigo busca analisar o processo de regionalização no Sistema de Saúde brasileiro, identificando marcos e desafios desse processo a partir de diálogo crítico sobre a temática, contextualizado pela experiência vivenciada na gestão do Sistema e à luz do debate teórico estabelecido na última década. Utilizou-se da análise temática de conteúdo dos levantamentos normativo e documental sobre o processo de regionalização no SUS, cotejados por elementos de contextualização histórica e política no período. Como evidências depreende-se que o processo de regionalização vem sendo incremental à descentralização/desconcentração da gestão e das ações e serviços de saúde. Desafios importantes se apresentam, principalmente em relação à garantia do acesso e à estrutura de governança do sistema, o que contribui para a reflexão crítica e a construção de novas perspectivas por parte daqueles que protagonizam sua implementação.

Abstract This article examines the regionalization process in the Brazilian Health System, identifying frameworks and challenges of this process from critical dialogue on the subject, contextualized by the experience of the management system and in the light of an established theoretical debate in the last decade. We used the thematic content analysis of legal and documentary surveys of the regionalization process in SUS, collated by elements of the historical and political context in the period. As evidence, it appears that the regionalization process has been incremental decentralization/deconcentration of management and health actions and services. There are important challenges, particularly in relation to ensuring access and system governance structure, which contributes to critical thinking and construction of new perspectives by those who lead their implementation.

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The article addresses the Amazon Sanitation Plan and the political context in which it was formulated between 1940 and 1941. It examines the role of Getúlio Vargas, the activities of the plan's main protagonists (such as Evandro Chagas, João de Barros Barreto, and Valério Konder), its key proposals, and its demise as of 1942 upon creation of the Special Public Health Service (Sesp), which grew out of cooperation agreements between Brazil and the US following both nations' involvement in World War II. A reproduction of the Plan as published in the Arquivos de Higiene in 1941 is included.

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Due to existing internal forces, a movement toward vertically integrated regional health systems is imperative in order to ensure the future viability of our health care system. However, in order for these systems to be successful, they must first overcome several imposing barriers.

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Contiene cuatro documentos: Fundamentos de la región Arequipa Ley N- 25022; Fundamentos de la regionalización; Consideraciones sobre la problemática de la región Arequipa: restricciones y perspectivas; Gobierno regional de Arequipa: lineamientos para el corto plazo (1990)

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