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Losartan was the ninth most prescribed drug in the United States in 2016, and several other angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely prescribed. Since July 2018, >2 dozen specific ARB products have been recalled owing to the presence of potentially carcinogenic nitrosamine impurities in selected lots. As is the case with all U.S. drug recalls, the ARB recalls have been voluntary on the part of the companies involved. In April 2019, the Food and Drug Administration categorized marketed ARB products with respect to nitrosamine impurities: (1) not present, (2) to be determined with no prior lots removed from the market (TBD), or (3) to be determined in the context of prior lots having been removed from the market (TBD*). The data were structured as hundreds of rows of products. Owing to the complexity of these data, more than a year into the recalls, it remains difficult for clinicians to understand which ARB products are free of impurities.

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BACKGROUND: Pai You Guo is a weight loss supplement manufactured in China and adulterated with the banned pharmaceutical products sibutramine and phenolphthalein. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a voluntary recall of Pai You Guo in 2009, yet clinicians have noted its continued use among Brazilian-born women in Massachusetts. OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence of Pai You Guo use, associated side effects, modes of acquisition, and impact of FDA regulatory action on these outcomes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Women ≤60 years of age, born in Brazil who attended one primary care clinic or one of six churches in Massachusetts. MAIN MEASURES: Prevalence of use, how users first heard about the product, location of purchase, associated side effects, patterns of use before and after the FDA recall. KEY RESULTS: Twenty-three percent (130/565) of respondents reported using Pai You Guo. In multivariate analysis, obesity (adj OR 3.7, p-value <0.001) and lack of insurance (adj OR 2.6, p-value 0.005) were associated with use. The majority of users (85%) reported at least one side effect. Dry mouth (59%), anxiety (29%), and insomnia (26%) were most commonly reported adverse effects. Nearly thirty-percent of users (38/130) purchased Pai You Guo from local stores and 9% (11/130) purchased it over the Internet. The majority of respondents (79/130; 61%) purchased Pai You Guo after the FDA recall. No respondent was aware of the FDA recall. CONCLUSIONS: Use of this pharmaceutically adulterated supplement is common among Brazilian-born women in Massachusetts. The FDA alerts and recall did not appear to decrease its use.

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La prescripción en cascada se produce cuando un nuevo fármaco es prescrito para "tratar" una reacción adversa producida por otro fármaco, basándose en la creencia errónea de que una nueva condición médica se ha desarrollado. Los acontecimientos adversos asociados a la prescripción en cascada se producen cuando el segundo fármaco aumenta la severidad de la reacción adversa producida por el primer fármaco, o cuando el segundo fármaco expone al paciente a la aparición de nuevas reacciones adversas. La clave para prevenir la prescripción en cascada reside en la prevención y rápida detección de las reacciones adversas. Los profesionales de la salud deben ser capaces de reconocer cuándo un medicamento debe ser retirado y cómo hacerlo. La desprescripción debe considerarse cuando existe polimedicación, reacciones adversas a medicamentos, ineficacia del tratamiento, caídas o cuando los objetivos del tratamiento han cambiado. Un enfoque cauteloso de la desprescripción incluye dos principios: retirar los fármacos de uno en uno y disminuir las dosis gradualmente durante semanas o meses(AU)

A prescribing cascade occurs when a new medicine is prescribed to ‘treat’ an adverse reaction to another drug in the mistaken belief that a new medical condition requiring treatment has developed. Adverse outcomes associated with prescribing cascades can result when the second drug increases the severity of the adverse reaction to the first drug or when the second drug places the patient at risk of additional adverse drug reactions. The key to preventing prescribing cascades lies in the avoidance and early detection of adverse drug reactions and an increased awareness and recognition of the potential for adverse reactions. Medicines have adverse effects and the use of multiple medicines, polypharmacy, can be associated with poorer outcomes. Health professionals need to recognise when medicines should be ceased and how to deprescribe. Deprescribing could be considered when there is polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions, ineffective treatment, falls or when treatment goals have changed. If patients are slowly weaned off their medicines, withdrawal and rebound syndromes are usually not serious. A cautious approach to deprescribing includes two principles - stop one drug at a time and wean doses slowly over weeks and months(AU)

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