RESUMEN
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a highly debilitating cat pathogen due to its ability to cause many pathological changes. Therefore, identifying the virus directly in bone marrow can be a highly relevant diagnostic tool even in the absence of viraemia. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficiency of immunocytochemistry (ICC) of bone marrow aspirates with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood samples were collected from 188 cats and separated into aliquots of whole blood for nested PCR using the U3 LTR region and the gag gene of FeLV-A as reference and serum for detection of the p27 antigen by ELISA. Bone marrow samples from these cats were placed on silanized slides for anti-FeLV ICC using gp70 as primary antibody. A total of 28.2% of the cats tested for FeLV were positive in at least one of the tests, with 26.6% positive by PCR, 18.1% by ICC and 11.2% by ELISA. Cohen's kappa agreement test revealed moderate agreement between ELISA and PCR results and substantial agreement between ICC and ELISA and between ICC and PCR. The results indicated that ICC of bone marrow is an efficient novel diagnostic test for FeLV infection.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , Virus de la Leucemia Felina , Gatos , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Médula Ósea/virología , Leucemia Felina/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Retroviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Retroviridae/diagnóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the DGAT1 gene polymorphism and its effects on lamb weight in kazakh and tajik sheep breeds. A total of 97 blood samples were collected from purebred (еdilbay Ñ Ðµdilbay) and crossbred lambs (еdilbay x gissar) breеd by the Baiserke Agro Scientific and Production Center in the Talgar District of the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan. Animals were genotyped for DGAT1-AluI polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The result of PCR-RFLP showed that purebred (еdilbay Ñ Ðµdilbay) sheep had three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) and crossbred sheep had two genotypes (CC and CT). The predominant genotype was CC with a frequency of 0.70 and 0.58 in purebred sheep and crossbred sheep breeds, respectively. The DGAT1 gene showed no significant association with live weight of lambs at different times in both breeds studied. However, the study showed that the CC genotype produced higher live weight at day 60 in purebred sheep (CC: 33,668 kg and CT: 32,444) and at day 120 (CC: 41,487 and CT: 40,929) in crossbred lambs. The present study was the first to investigate the polymorphism and relationships between genotypes and lamb live weights for DGAT1 gene in sheep breeds, purebred and crossbred. We conclude that further comprehensive investigations should be done for the exact evidence of the effects of DGAT1/Alui polymorphism on lamb live weights.
Asunto(s)
Peso Corporal , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa , Genotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Animales , Diacilglicerol O-Acetiltransferasa/genética , Ovinos/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Peso Corporal/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Kazajstán , MasculinoRESUMEN
The work aims to analyze the associations of polymorphic variants of the PRL and BLG genes with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis in Holstein cows. The experimental study consisted of the selection of biomaterial samples from 250 heads of Holstein cows aged 3 years divided into two groups (healthy and with a confirmed diagnosis of mastitis). The determination of animal genotypes was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The study of the nature of the association of polymorphic variants of the PRL and BLG gene with resistance/increased risk of mastitis established a significant deviation from the theoretically expected distribution of bBLG-HaeIII genotypes in the group of animals suffering from mastitis (the value of χ2 was 0.24). The bBLG-HaeIIIBB genotype can act as a marker of an increased risk of developing mastitis in Holstein cows; its frequency in the group of sick animals exceeds the frequency in the control group by more than 2 times (44.0 compared to 17.0%, respectively). The bBLG-HaeIIIAB genotype is significantly associated with mastitis resistance in Holstein cows; its frequency is 2 times lower than in the control group (28.0 compared to 54.0%).
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Lactoglobulinas , Mastitis Bovina , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Genético , Prolactina , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Mastitis Bovina/genética , Prolactina/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Lactoglobulinas/genética , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Frecuencia de los GenesRESUMEN
Animal reproduction biotechniques are important tools for the technological advancement of livestock, as they allow the selection of the reproductive potential of superior quality females and males; however, infectious diseases that have a predilection for the reproductive system can be a hindrance for the use of these technologies. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect Brucella spp. in the ovarian follicular fluid of brucellosis-positive bovine cows. A total of 47 bovine ovarian follicular fluid aspirates from cows, positive in tests for brucellosis and from Brucella-positive herd, were submitted to PCR. The primers used in the PCR were specific to the genus Brucella (bcsp31 gene). All 47 bovine aspirates were negative for Brucella spp. 0.00% (95% CI: 0.00-4.00%). Our results demonstrated that Brucella spp. was absent in the ovarian follicular fluid from seropositive cows, which indicates that Brucella spp.-infected cows could be used for reproductive biotechnologies carried out with follicular aspirates. Future studies are needed to more precisely evaluate the feasibility and safety of using these oocytes from brucellosis-seropositive cows to transfer embryos to heifers/cows not infected by Brucella, aiming to produce calves free of the infection.
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis Bovina , Líquido Folicular , Bovinos , Animales , Femenino , Líquido Folicular/química , Brucelosis Bovina/microbiología , Brucella/aislamiento & purificación , Fertilización In Vitro/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, and transmitted to humans by eating raw or undercooked meat, mainly. Poultry, beef, and pork are the main meats consumed in Peru; despite this, guinea pig meat is also widely consumed. For this reason, the objective of this study was to molecularly detect T. gondii in domestic and wild guinea pigs from the Marangani district in Cuzco, Peru, and identify some risk factors associated with this pathogen. DNA was extracted from the brain tissue samples of guinea pigs (30 domestic and 30 wild), and PCR protocols were used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) region and a 529 bp fragment from the T. gondii genome. T. gondii DNA was detected in 14 (23.3%) guinea pigs. T. gondii frequency was 33.3% in domestic guinea pigs and 13.3% in wild guinea pigs. Our results demonstrated that guinea pigs represent an important source for T. gondii infection in human populations in this locality.
Asunto(s)
Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Animales , Cobayas , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Toxoplasma/genética , Perú/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , ADN Protozoario/genética , ADN Protozoario/análisis , Animales Salvajes/parasitología , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedades de los Roedores/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Animales Domésticos/parasitología , Factores de Riesgo , Prevalencia , Encéfalo/parasitologíaRESUMEN
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: IDS presented pathognomonic dilatation of the jejunum up to Meckel's diverticulum.IDS caused weight loss, decreased egg production, and increased culling and mortality.Chicken parvovirus (ChPV) was consistently detected through PCR assays.Chicken megrivirus (ChMV) was consistently detected through viral metagenomics.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Pollos/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Femenino , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Dilatación Patológica/veterinaria , Dilatación Patológica/virología , Yeyuno/virología , Yeyuno/patología , ParvovirinaeRESUMEN
Background: Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal infection that affects mainly cats. It poses significant challenges in veterinary medicine due to its zoonotic potential and impact on animal and public health. Rapid and reliable diagnosis is crucial for preventing the spread of the disease, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring disease control efforts. Although there are several studies on diagnostic methods in feline dermatophytosis, the comparison between them from the same sample lacks data. The absence of a universally accepted gold standard diagnostic method highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to diagnosing feline dermatophytosis. Aim: This study aims to assess the accuracy and efficacy of different diagnostic techniques comprehensively. Methods: For this, 48 samples of cats were analyzed by dermoscopy, direct hair examination, fungal culture using various media (Mycosel, Sabouraud, and Dermatophyte Test Medium), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Direct examination and dermoscopy yielded unsatisfactory results. Mycosel and Sabouraud were suboptimal. DTM demonstrated superior selectivity, making it the most reliable among traditional methods. PCR was the top performer, exhibiting singular sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Conclusion: The study suggests that PCR may be the preferred choice for diagnosing feline dermatophytosis in clinical practice, especially when rapid and accurate results are essential.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tiña , Gatos , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Tiña/veterinaria , Tiña/diagnóstico , Tiña/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Dermoscopía/veterinaria , Dermatomicosis/veterinaria , Dermatomicosis/diagnóstico , Dermatomicosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The mycosis histoplasmosis is also considered a zoonosis that affects humans and other mammalian species worldwide. Among the wild mammals predisposed to be infected with the etiologic agent of histoplasmosis, bats are relevant because they are reservoir of Histoplasma species, and they play a fundamental role in maintaining and spreading fungal propagules in the environments since the infective mycelial phase of Histoplasma grows in their accumulated guano. In this study, we detected the fungal presence in organ samples of bats randomly captured in urban areas of Araraquara City, São Paulo, Brazil. Fungal detection was performed using a nested polymerase chain reaction to amplify a molecular marker (Hcp100) unique to H. capsulatum, which revealed the pathogen presence in organ samples from 15 out of 37 captured bats, indicating 40.5% of infection. Out of 22 Hcp100-amplicons generated, 41% corresponded to lung and trachea samples and 59% to spleen, liver, and kidney samples. Data from these last three organs suggest that bats develop disseminated infections. Considering that infected bats create environments with a high risk of infection, it is important to register the percentage of infected bats living in urban areas to avoid risks of infection to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife.
Asunto(s)
Quirópteros , Histoplasma , Histoplasmosis , Animales , Quirópteros/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Histoplasma/genética , Histoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Histoplasmosis/epidemiología , Histoplasmosis/veterinaria , Histoplasmosis/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
Canine tick-borne diseases, such as babesiosis, rangeliosis, hepatozoonosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, are of veterinarian relevance, causing mild or severe clinical cases that can lead to the death of the dog. The aim of this study was detecting tick-borne protozoan and rickettsial infections in dogs with anemia and/or thrombocytopenia in Uruguay. A total of 803 domestic dogs were evaluated, and 10% were found positive (detected by PCR) at least for one hemoparasite. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of four hemoprotozoan species: Rangelia vitalii, Babesia vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum, and the rickettsial Anaplasma platys. The most detected hemoparasite was R. vitalii, followed by H. canis and A. platys. This is the first report of B. vogeli in Uruguay and the second report of H. americanum in dogs from South America. The results highlight the importance for veterinarians to include hemoparasitic diseases in their differential diagnosis of agents causing anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Asunto(s)
Anemia , Enfermedades de los Perros , Piroplasmida , Trombocitopenia , Animales , Uruguay , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Trombocitopenia/veterinaria , Trombocitopenia/parasitología , Anemia/veterinaria , Anemia/parasitología , Piroplasmida/aislamiento & purificación , Piroplasmida/genética , Femenino , Anaplasmataceae/aislamiento & purificación , Anaplasmataceae/genética , Masculino , Infecciones por Anaplasmataceae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Anaplasmataceae/epidemiología , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Anaplasma/genética , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/diagnóstico , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Coccidiosis/parasitología , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Eucoccidiida/genética , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/veterinaria , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/parasitología , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/microbiología , Enfermedades por Picaduras de Garrapatas/epidemiología , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
Infection by Leptospira sp., mainly strains from the Sejroe serogroup, impairs the reproductive efficiency of ruminants leading to economic losses. Although the majority of experimental studies use the intraperitoneal route of leptospiral infection, it has been suggested that natural infection occurs frequently by sexual transmission. Thus, we assessed the genital route of infection to study genital leptospirosis in the sheep model. A strain of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjobovis was inoculated in 18 ewes, divided into three groups for inoculation: intraperitoneal (n=6; Gip), cervical superficial (genital) (n=6; Ggen) and conjunctival (n=6; Gconj). Monthly, for 90 days, blood samples were collected for serology (MAT) and PCR was performed on urine, cervical-vaginal mucus, and uterine fragments. All ewes were successfully infected, independently of the infection route. Gip and Ggen did not differ throughout the experiment, either on seroconversion or on PCR positivity on urine or genital samples. In contrast, Gconj presented fewer seroreactive animals (P<0.05) and fewer PCR-pos on genital samples than the other groups. The results obtained demonstrated that, although all groups presented both urinary and genital infections, the genital route was more efficient and did not differ from the traditional intraperitoneal. It indicates that genital via, besides being a naturally occurring transmission via, represents a promising and interesting route regarding future studies related to genital leptospirosis in ruminants, and its use should be encouraged.
Asunto(s)
Leptospira , Leptospirosis , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Ovinos , Leptospira/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Sex determination in monomorphic birds is a precondition for captive breeding programs and management and conservation strategies for threatened species. Most species of the order Psittaciformes often present complications since these birds lack external sexual phenotypic traits, making it impossible to differentiate males and females. In the present study, we used molecular techniques to determine the sex of 31 individuals belonging to nine species of the order Psittaciformes kept under human care at the Akumal Monkey Sanctuary & Rescued Animals in Quintana Roo, Mexico. This is a useful and low-cost methodology based on the analysis of the conserved region of the CHD1 gene, which was amplified by PCR with two sets of primers: P8/P2 and 2550F/2718 R. All individuals were successfully sexed with the first set of primers, while only 28 out of 31 samples (90%) could be amplified with the second set. Out of the 31 individuals analyzed, fifteen are female, and seventeen are male. This information represents a handy tool for adequately managing birds under human care, resulting in their reproduction and eventual reintegration into their natural habitat.
Asunto(s)
Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Psittaciformes , Análisis para Determinación del Sexo , Animales , México , Femenino , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Análisis para Determinación del Sexo/métodos , Análisis para Determinación del Sexo/veterinaria , Psittaciformes/genética , HumanosRESUMEN
Piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. Are apicomplexan protozoa that may cause disease in several canid species. The present study aimed to expand the knowledge on the diversity of piroplasmids and Hepatozoon in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous; n = 12) sampled in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul State, central-western Brazil. PCR assays based on the 18S rRNA were used as screening. Three (25%) and 11 (91.7%) were positive for piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp., respectively. Co-infection was found in three C. thous. Phylogenetic analyses based on the near-complete 18S rRNA, cox-1 and hsp70 genes evidenced the occurrence of a novel of Babesia spp. (namely Babesia pantanalensis nov. sp.) closely related to Rangelia vitalii and Babesia sp. 'Coco'. This finding was supported by the genetic divergence analysis which showed (i) high divergence, ranging from 4.17 to 5.62% for 18 S rRNA, 6.16% for hps70 and 4.91-9.25% for cox-1 and (ii) the genotype network (which displayed sequences separated from the previously described Piroplasmida species by median vectors and several mutational events). Also, phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. positioned the sequences obtained herein in a clade phylogenetically related to Hepatozoon sp. 'Curupira 2', Hepatozoon sp. detected in domestic and wild canids from Uruguay and Hepatozoon americanum. The present study described Babesia pantanalensis nov sp. and Hepatozoon closely related to H. americanum in crab-eating foxes from Brazil. Moreover, the coinfection by piroplasmids and Hepatozoon sp. for the first time in crab-eating foxes strongly suggesting that this wild canid species potentially acts as a bio-accumulate of hemoprotozoan in wild environment.
Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Coccidiosis , ADN Protozoario , Genotipo , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Animales , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Coccidiosis/parasitología , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , ADN Protozoario/química , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , Eucoccidiida/genética , Eucoccidiida/clasificación , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Ciclooxigenasa 1/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/parasitología , Zorros/parasitología , Canidae/parasitología , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genéticaRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two closely related protozoans that infect a wide range of animals, including birds. However, the occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum DNA in tissue samples of seabirds. Tissue samples of the pectoral muscles, heart, and brain were collected from 47 birds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State, SC, Brazil. The DNA was extracted from the tissues and screened using nested-PCR (nPCR) targeting internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). T. gondii DNA was detected in tissues from seven seabirds (7/47, 14.8%), kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) (5/21), and Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) (2/8). N. caninum DNA was detected in tissues of nine seabirds (9/47, 19.1%), the kelp gull (L. dominicanus) (4/21), Manx shearwater (P. puffinus) (2/8), neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) (1/4), brown booby (Sula leucogaster) (1/5), and white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) (1/1); however, no co-infection was observed. In conclusion, this study showed the circulation of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State. Further studies are required to clarify the role of these birds in the epidemiology of neosporosis and toxoplasmosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves , Coccidiosis , ADN Protozoario , Neospora , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Animales , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Toxoplasma/genética , Brasil/epidemiología , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Neospora/genética , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Coccidiosis/diagnóstico , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/parasitología , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Protozoario/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Aves/parasitología , Charadriiformes/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Infection and clinical cases of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in cats have been increasingly reported in several countries, including Brazil. In this study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunochromatographic test (ICT) based on a recombinant antigen (rKDDR-plus) to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in cats from an animal shelter in northeastern Brazil. We compared the results with an ELISA using L. infantum crude antigen (ELISA-CA). We also investigated the presence of Leishmania DNA in blood or ocular conjunctival samples as well as the association between Leishmania PCR positivity and serological positivity to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Toxoplasma gondii. Concerning serological assays, a higher positivity was detected using the ICT-rKDDR-plus (7.5%; 7/93) as compared to ELISA-rKDDR-plus (5.4%; 5/93) and ELISA-CA (4.3%; 4/93). Upon PCR testing, 52.7% (49/93) of the ocular conjunctival swabs and 48.3% (44/91) of the blood samples were positive. Together, PCR and serological testing revealed overall positivities of 73.1% (68/93) and 12.9% (12/93), respectively. Among PCR-positive samples, 45.5% (31/68) showed co-infection with FIV, 17.6% (12/68) with FeLV, and 82.3% (56/68) with T. gondii. More than half of the PCR-positive cats showed at least one clinical sign suggestive of leishmaniasis (58.8%; 40/68) and dermatological signs were the most frequent ones (45.5%; 31/68). Both tests employing the recombinant antigen rKDDR-plus (i.e., ICT-rKDDR-plus and ELISA-rKDDR-plus) detected more positive cats than the ELISA-CA but presented low overall accuracy. PCR testing using either blood or ocular conjunctival samples detected much more positive cats than serological tests.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Coinfección , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina , Leishmania infantum , Virus de la Leucemia Felina , Proteínas Recombinantes , Gatos , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Coinfección/veterinaria , Coinfección/parasitología , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/virología , Leishmania infantum/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/genética , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/inmunología , Masculino , Femenino , Toxoplasma , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/sangre , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/sangreRESUMEN
Sarcocystis spp. are protozoan parasites that form cysts in the organs and musculature of various animal species. The species Sarcocystis miescheriana and Sarcocystis suihominis are pathogenic to pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa), acting as intermediate hosts, while humans are the definitive host for S. suihominis. To date, there have been no reports of the identification of these coccidian species in Sus scrofa in Brazil. Therefore, in this study, we conducted the first molecular identification of Sarcocystis species using PCR-RFLP and sequencing. A total of 210 samples were analyzed, of this total, 67 tested positive for Sarcocystis spp., representing 31.9% of the total samples assessed. Out of the total positive samples, 55 (82.1%) were identified as S. miescheriana and 8 (11.9%) as S. suihominis, a zoonotic species. Additionally, other species related to bovines, such as S. cruzi and zoonotic S. hominis, were detected in 3.0% of the samples, serving as contaminants in the pork products. The presence of S. suihominis in swine and wild boar samples is concerning due to the zoonotic risk and potential environmental contamination, as humans act as definitive hosts, also for the presence of S. hominis as a bovine contaminant in pork sausages. Furthermore, we confirmed the efficacy of the PCR-RFLP technique as a reliable tool for the identification of Sarcocystis species, demonstrating its potential use in laboratories for molecular diagnosis and rapid identification of these parasites, aiming to protect public health and ensure food safety.
Asunto(s)
Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Sarcocystis , Sarcocistosis , Sus scrofa , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Sarcocystis/genética , Sarcocystis/aislamiento & purificación , Sarcocystis/clasificación , Sarcocistosis/veterinaria , Sarcocistosis/parasitología , Sarcocistosis/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Sus scrofa/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Porcinos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
The aims of the present study were to identify strongyles in the feces of Thoroughbred horses based on larval morphology; to detect Strongylus vulgaris using molecular diagnosis and compare results to those of feces culture; and to determine the association between the presence of S. vulgaris with corresponding animal information (age range, gender, and anthelmintic use). Feces of horses kept in six Training Centers in Rio de Janeiro State, that showed the presence of ≥500 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were subjected to strongyle identification. Of the 520 fecal samples collected, 35 had an EPG ≥ 500. After fecal culture for L3 larvae identification, DNA was extracted, subjected to PCR to amplify the ITS2 region DNA fragment of S. vulgaris, and sequenced. A total of 3500 larvae were analyzed. Most were classified as small strong (99.7%), with an emphasis on the type A subfamily of Cyathostominae. Forms of S. vulgaris only corresponded to 0.2%. In all, 25 samples showed amplified S. vulgaris DNA products and 11 showed nucleotide sequences with high sequence identity. Fecal culture and PCR results showed poor agreement (kappa = 0.105) for S. vulgaris diagnosis. Age, gender, anthelmintic use, and anthelmintic administration interval were not statistically significant. The present study showed the presence of S. vulgaris in the feces of horses kept in Rio de Janeiro Training Centers, mainly seen via PCR, which has emerged as the most effective tool for diagnosis. This study made it possible to identify strongyles that infect horses in the region, emphasizing upon the necessity for constant monitoring of the animals.
Asunto(s)
Heces , Larva , Infecciones Equinas por Strongyloidea , Strongylus , Animales , Caballos , Heces/parasitología , Brasil , Strongylus/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Infecciones Equinas por Strongyloidea/diagnóstico , Infecciones Equinas por Strongyloidea/parasitología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/parasitología , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , ADN de Helmintos/análisis , Antihelmínticos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of the piroplasmids in blood from dogs and ticks recovered from these animals in Teresópolis city, located in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In addition to the clinical and hematological profile. METHODS: A total of 400 dogs attended in a veterinary clinic in this city between 2020 and 2021 were included. The blood was collected from the dogs, along with ticks and information on these dogs was obtained through a questionnaire applied to the owners. Thin-smear analyses and complete blood counts were performed. All forms characteristic of piroplasmids were measured and classified morphologically. The blood was also subjected to PCR assays based on the genes 18S rRNA and hsp70. In addition, the ixodid ticks were classified morphologically and subjected to PCR for piroplasmids research. The amplified products were sent for gene sequencing. RESULTS: Piroplasmids were detected in 2.3% of the dogs. The variables statistically associated with infections in these animals were hemorrhage/bleeding, jaundice, anisocytosis, activated monocytes and macroplatelets (p ≤ 0.05). Piriform, ring-shaped, oval and aberrant structures were viewed in erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, with lengths greater than and less than 2.5 µm. The nine positive samples from these dogs were characterized as due to Rangelia vitalii. However, one sequence from B. vogeli was detected in a single adult specimen of R. sanguineus. CONCLUSION: Although circulation of two species of piroplasmids potentially infective for domestic dogs has been observed in the mountain city of Rio de Janeiro, infection due to R. vitalii was mostly seen in the dogs of the present study.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , Perros , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Masculino , Piroplasmida/genética , Piroplasmida/aislamiento & purificación , Piroplasmida/clasificación , Femenino , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Garrapatas/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Abortions in cattle and sheep are one of the major causes of economic losses worldwide. Brucella spp. are the most common infectious agent associated with these abortions. However, abortions caused by bacteria such as Listeria spp., Leptospira spp., Campylobacter spp. and Mycoplasma spp. are usually overlooked due to their sporadic nature and their status as non-priority abortion agents. In our study, we investigated the bacteria associated with abortion cases in cattle and sheep using PCR. For this purpose, we collected vaginal swab samples (n: 110) of aborted cattle and sheep, as well as stomach content samples (n: 69) of aborted calves and lambs from various cities in Turkey. The samples were analysed by bacteria-specific PCR to detect Campylobacter fetus, Leptospira spp., Listeria spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Yersinia spp. PCR analyses revealed that the investigated bacterial agents were present in 18.85% and 19.3% of the cattle and sheep samples, respectively, with an overall percentage of 18.99%. While the overall positivity rate for C. fetus, Leptospira spp., and Mycoplasma spp. was 2.79%, 10.06%, and 4.47%, respectively, the positivity rate for co-infection with Leptospira spp. and C. fetus was 1.68%. All samples were found to be negative for Yersinia spp. and Listeria spp. The high C. fetus positivity rate detected in sheep and in the stomach contents was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, the difference in positivity rates between the cities, hosts, co-infections and causative agents was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). This study provides preliminary data on the significant involvement of C. fetus, Leptospira spp. and Mycoplasma spp. in cattle and sheep abortions in Turkey indicating that they should not be overlooked in diagnosis. In addition, further research is needed to investigate the zoonotic potential of these pathogens for public health in Turkey.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Veterinario , Bacterias , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Animales , Turquía/epidemiología , Ovinos , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/diagnóstico , Aborto Veterinario/microbiología , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Femenino , Embarazo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Leptospira/aislamiento & purificación , Leptospira/genética , Infecciones Bacterianas/veterinaria , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Rumiantes/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Despite the worldwide occurrence of bartonellae in a broad range of mammal species, in which they usually cause a long-lasting erythrocytic bacteremia, few studies reported Bartonella spp. in avian hosts. The present work aimed to investigate the occurrence and molecular identity of Bartonella spp. infecting birds in the Pantanal wetland, central-western Brazil using a multigene approach. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 517 individuals from 13 avian orders in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Groso do Sul. DNA was extracted from avian blood and 500/517 (96.7%) samples were positive in a conventional PCR targeting the avian ß-actin gene. Nineteen (3.8%) out of 500 avian blood samples were positive in a qPCR assay for Bartonella spp. based on the nuoG gene. Among 19 avian blood DNA samples positive in the qPCR for Bartonella spp., 12 were also positive in the qPCR for Bartonella based on the 16S-23S RNA Intergenic region (ITS). In the PCR assays performed for molecular characterization, one 16S rRNA, three ribC, and one nuoG sequences were obtained. Based on BLASTn results, while 1 nuoG, 2 ribC, and 2 ITS sequences showed high identity to Bartonella henselae, one 16S rRNA and 2 ITS showed high similarity to Bartonella machadoae in the sampled birds. Bartonella spp. related to B. henselae and B. machadoae were detected, for the first time, in wild birds from the Brazilian Pantanal.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bartonella , Bartonella , Enfermedades de las Aves , Aves , Humedales , Animales , Bartonella/genética , Bartonella/aislamiento & purificación , Bartonella/clasificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Aves/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/veterinaria , Infecciones por Bartonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bartonella/microbiología , Filogenia , Animales Salvajes/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Surveillance of canine leishmaniasis in Colombia is restricted to the appearance of visceral leishmaniasis cases in humans, and is mainly performed by serological tests. This requires blood sampling by veterinarians or technicians according to Colombian laws. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of conjunctival swabs in the molecular detection of Leishmania in dogs from the municipality of Ovejas, Sucre. METHODS: The present study was cross-sectional and descriptive. The collection source of samples and information was primary. Blood samples and conjunctival swabs from 121 dogs were analysed by PCR-ITS1 to detect Leishmania spp. Positive samples were used to amplify a conserved region of the Leishmania infantum kinetoplast minicircle. Performance of both sample types was calculated by proportion of positive samples of each type and the degree of agreement between them was determined by Cohen's kappa (κ) agreement index. RESULTS: Leishmania infection was detected in 17.4% (21/121) of blood samples and in 16.5% (20/121) of conjunctival swabs. In total, 28.1% (34/121) of the canines were infected, of which 11.8% (4/34) were infected with L. infantum in the conjunctival swabs and 5.9 % (2/34) in the blood samples. The agreement between blood and conjunctiva was medium (κ = 0.207) by PCR-ITS1 amplification. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The use of conjunctival swab as a non-invasive sample could be used as an alternative method for surveillance of canine leishmaniasis.