RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the cosmetic satisfaction of patients diagnosed with breast cancer submitted to the hypofractionated radiotherapy with IMRT (hIMRT) technique and its correlation with dosimetric data of the radiotherapy planning. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study that assessed women with a diagnosis of malignant breast neoplasia submitted to the conservative treatment or radical mastectomy and treated with hIMRT. In the period between August 2007 to December 2014, in a philanthropic / private institution, 170 records were selected. The cosmetic assessment was carried out by means of the Harvard/RTOG/NSABP scale with one-year minimum range after treatment. The collected dosimetric data were: breast / chest wall volume, volume that received 95% (V95%) and 107% (V107%) of the prescribed dose. RESULTS: The volume of the treated breasts ranged from 169 to 2.103 ml (median = 702; IQR: 535 to 914 ml). Median V95% was 86.7% (54.6-96.6%; IQR: 80.0% to 90.6%); eight (5.7%) patients had V95% higher than 95%. Median V107% was 0% (0%-16.3%; IQR: 0.0% to 0.3% and 13); 9.3% patients had V107% higher than 2%. One hundred and thirty-three (78.2%) patients responded to the cosmetic assessment: 99 (74.4%) considered the cosmetic results excellent. Significant associations between cosmetic assessment and breast volume (p=0.875), V95% (p=0.294) e V107% (p=0.301) were not found. CONCLUSION: The cosmetic results showed favorable when using hIMRT, and the lack of correlation with usual the dosimetric data illustrates the capacity of hIMRT to minimize the heterogeneity of the dose in this endpoint, even in voluminous breasts.
Asunto(s)
Imagen Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Hipofraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Mastectomía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radioterapia Conformacional/métodos , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the cosmetic satisfaction of patients diagnosed with breast cancer submitted to the hypofractionated radiotherapy with IMRT (hIMRT) technique and its correlation with dosimetric data of the radiotherapy planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective cohort study that assessed women with a diagnosis of malignant breast neoplasia submitted to the conservative treatment or radical mastectomy and treated with hIMRT. In the period between August 2007 to December 2014, in a philanthropic / private institution, 170 records were selected. The cosmetic assessment was carried out by means of the Harvard/RTOG/NSABP scale with one-year minimum range after treatment. The collected dosimetric data were: breast / chest wall volume, volume that received 95% (V95%) and 107% (V107%) of the prescribed dose. RESULTS: The volume of the treated breasts ranged from 169 to 2.103 ml (median = 702; IQR: 535 to 914 ml). Median V95% was 86.7% (54.6-96.6%; IQR: 80.0% to 90.6%); eight (5.7%) patients had V95% higher than 95%. Median V107% was 0% (0%-16.3%; IQR: 0.0% to 0.3% and 13); 9.3% patients had V107% higher than 2%. One hundred and thirty-three (78.2%) patients responded to the cosmetic assessment: 99 (74.4%) considered the cosmetic results excellent. Significant associations between cosmetic assessment and breast volume (p=0.875), V95% (p=0.294) e V107% (p=0.301) were not found. CONCLUSION: The cosmetic results showed favorable when using hIMRT, and the lack of correlation with usual the dosimetric data illustrates the capacity of hIMRT to minimize the heterogeneity of the dose in this endpoint, even in voluminous breasts.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a satisfação cosmética de pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia hipofracionada com técnica IMRT (hIMRT) e sua correlação com dados dosimétricos do planejamento radioterápico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo que avaliou mulheres com diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna de mama submetidas a tratamento conservador ou mastectomia radical e tratadas com hIMRT. No período de agosto de 2007 a dezembro de 2014, em uma instituição filantrópica/particular, foram selecionados 170 prontuários. A avaliação cosmética foi feita por meio da escala de Harvard/RTOG/NSABP com um intervalo mínimo de um ano após o tratamento. Dados dosimétricos coletados foram: volume da mama/plastrão, volume que recebeu 95% (V95%) e 107% (V107%) da dose prescrita. RESULTADOS: O volume das mamas tratadas variou de 169 a 2.103 ml (mediana = 702; IQR: 535 a 914 ml). O V95% mediano foi 86,7% (54,6-96,6%; IQR: 80,0% a 90,6%); oito (5,7%) pacientes tiveram o V95% superior a 95%. O V107% mediano foi 0% (0%-16,3%; IQR: 0,0% a 0,3% e 13); 9,3% pacientes tiveram o V107% superior a 2%. Cento e trinta e três (78,2%) pacientes responderam à avaliação cosmética: 99 (74,4%) consideraram o resultado cosmético excelente. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a avaliação cosmética e o volume da mama (p=0,875), V95% (p=0,294) e V107% (p=0,301). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados cosméticos mostraram-se favoráveis com o uso de hIMRT, e a ausência de correlação com os dados dosimétricos usuais ilustra a capacidade do hIMRT em minimizar a heterogeneidade da dose neste desfecho, mesmo em mamas volumosas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Imagen Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama/radioterapia , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/métodos , Hipofraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación , Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Radioterapia Conformacional/métodos , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/estadística & datos numéricos , Mastectomía , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (FSRS) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) to large surgical cavities after gross total resection of brain metastases. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 41 patients who had received tumor-bed FSRS (5 fractions) or SRT (10 fractions) after resection of brain metastasis between 2005 and 2015 was performed. All resection cavities were treated with a frameless linear accelerator-based system. Patients who underwent subtotal resection, single-dose SRS to the resection cavity, or were treated with a fractionation schedule other than 5 or 10 fractions, were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were treated with 5 fractions and 15 patients with 10 fractions. The median planning target volume was 19.78 cm3 (12.3-28 cm3) to the 5-fraction group and 29.79 cm3 (26.3-47.6 cm3) to the 10-fraction group (P = 0.020). The 1-year and 2-year local control rates for all patients were 89.4% and 77.1%, respectively, and 89.6% and 78.6% were free from distant intracranial progression, respectively. No difference was observed in local control or freedom from distant intracranial progression between the 5-fraction or 10-fraction groups. The median overall survival was 28.27 months (95% confidence interval, 19.42-37.12) for all patients. No patient developed necrosis at the resection cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Fractionation offers the potential to exploit the different biological responses between neoplastic and normal tissues to ionizing radiation. The use of 5 daily doses of 5-6 Gy or 10 daily doses of 3 Gy is a good strategy to have a reasonable local control and avoid neurotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Hipofraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación , Radiocirugia/mortalidad , Radioterapia Conformacional/mortalidad , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidad , Terapia Combinada/mortalidad , Terapia Combinada/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Los Angeles/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/prevención & control , Prevalencia , Radiocirugia/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
De acordo com os dados do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), foram esperados, no Brasil, 61.200 novos casos de câncer de próstata para o ano de 2016. Estabelecido o diagnóstico, as opções terapêuticas são consideradas e se baseiam no estadiamento, dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) e escore histológico de Gleason. Segundo as diretrizes diagnósticas e terapêuticas do adenocarcinoma de próstata publicadas (2015), a técnica de radioterapia de intensidade modulada (IMRT) apresenta benefício no controle da doença e a menor probabilidade de toxicidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a custo-efetividade da técnica de IMRT, na perspectiva do SUS, para o tratamento do câncer de próstata localizado, comparada com a técnica conformacional (3DRT). Foi construído um modelo de Markov e, uma coorte hipotética de homens de 65 a 70 anos foi acompanhada por 10 anos. A medida de desfecho clínico foram os anos de vida ajustados para qualidade (QALY). Os custos levantados se basearam nos valores da tabela APAC para um tratamento na dose de 74 a 76 Gy. Análise de sensibilidade probabilística baseada em simulação de Monte Carlo a fim de construir um limiar de aceitabilidade para incorporação da tecnologia em questão foi desenvolvida. O uso da tecnologia IMRT proporcionou um incremento de 0,79 QALY, mas não se mostrou custo-efetiva em relação aos pacientes que receberam radioterapia pela 3DRT. A IMRT apresentou uma razão de custoefetividade incremental de R$10.580,98/QALY. Ao considerar um limiar de aceitabilidade de três vezes o produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita, segundo recomendação da Organização Mundial de Saúde (2011), estimado em R$ 86.628,00/QALY, para 2016, o cenario para a incorporaçao dessa tecnologia se apresenta favoravel. A probabilidade do IMRT ser custo-efetiva foi de 72,5% para limiares de aceitabilidade de R$15.000,00
According to data from the Coordination of Prevention and Surveillance of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (NCI) 61,200 new cases of prostate cancer were expected in Brazil in 2016. Once the diagnosis is established, the therapeutic options are considered according to risk groups described by D'Amico (1998), which are based on staging, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score. For localized prostate tumors, and for all risk groups, radiotherapy is indicated. According to the diagnostic and therapeutic guideline of prostate adenocarcinoma published in October 2015, the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique has a benefit in controlling the disease and the lower probability of toxicity. According to this premise, this study aimed to analyze the costeffectiveness of the IMRT technique, from the perspective of SUS, for the treatment of localized prostate cancer, compared with three-dimensional technique (3DRT). A mathematical model based on Markov models was constructed and a hypothetical cohort of men aged 65 to 70 years was followed up for 10 years. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed based on Monte Carlo simulation to construct a threshold of acceptability for incorporation of the technology in question. As a result of the study, the use of IMRT technology provided a 0.79-year increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALY), but was not cost-effective compared to patients who received radiotherapy using the 3DRT. The IMRT presented an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of R $ 10,580.98 / QALY. Based on a threshold of three times the per capita GDP, according to the WHO recommendation (2011), calculated at R $ 86,628.00 / QALY for 2016, the scenario for the incorporation of this technology is favorable. If a threshold of acceptability of R $ 28,876 is considered equivalent to a GDP per capita, the probability of IMRT being cost-effective is 72%
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Sistema Único de Salud , Brasil , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada/economíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE:: To provide a quantitative profile of the indications and use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in a developing country oncology-based institution. In addition, to describe the patients' and treatment characteristics, and to provide a temporal analysis. METHOD:: SBRT patients treated from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively evaluated by two independently investigators. Data were stratified and compared in two periods: first experience (FE) (May 2007 to April 2011), and following experience (FollowE) (May 2011 to April 2015). The following parameters were compared between the groups: total number of treated patients and lesions, treatment site, additional image fusion used, formal protocol adoption, and SBRT planning technique. RESULTS:: One hundred and seventy-six (176) patients with 191 lesions were treated: 34 (18%) lesions in the FE and 157 (82%) lesions in FollowE. The majority of lesions were metastases (60.3%), and lung (60.2%) was the most common treatment site, followed by spine (31%), and others (8.8%). An average of 1.4 (±0.6) additional imaging exams for delineation was performed. Conformal 3D radiotherapy planning technique was used in 64.4%, and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the remaining 35.6% (p=0.0001). Higher rates of curative treatments were observed in FE, as well as more lung lesions, patients ≥ 70 years, 3D conformal, number of additional images and ECOG 0, and all presented p<0.05. The global rate of protocol statement was 79%, lung treatment being the most stated. CONCLUSION:: SBRT application is rapidly increasing in our setting. Treatment sites and planning techniques are becoming more diversified and complex.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias/radioterapia , Radiocirugia/estadística & datos numéricos , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Brasil , Países en Desarrollo , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Masculino , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/radioterapia , Radiocirugia/métodos , Radiocirugia/tendencias , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/radioterapia , Análisis de Supervivencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Summary Objective: To provide a quantitative profile of the indications and use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in a developing country oncology-based institution. In addition, to describe the patients' and treatment characteristics, and to provide a temporal analysis. Method: SBRT patients treated from 2007 to 2015 were retrospectively evaluated by two independently investigators. Data were stratified and compared in two periods: first experience (FE) (May 2007 to April 2011), and following experience (FollowE) (May 2011 to April 2015). The following parameters were compared between the groups: total number of treated patients and lesions, treatment site, additional image fusion used, formal protocol adoption, and SBRT planning technique. Results: One hundred and seventy-six (176) patients with 191 lesions were treated: 34 (18%) lesions in the FE and 157 (82%) lesions in FollowE. The majority of lesions were metastases (60.3%), and lung (60.2%) was the most common treatment site, followed by spine (31%), and others (8.8%). An average of 1.4 (±0.6) additional imaging exams for delineation was performed. Conformal 3D radiotherapy planning technique was used in 64.4%, and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the remaining 35.6% (p=0.0001). Higher rates of curative treatments were observed in FE, as well as more lung lesions, patients ≥ 70 years, 3D conformal, number of additional images and ECOG 0, and all presented p<0.05. The global rate of protocol statement was 79%, lung treatment being the most stated. Conclusion: SBRT application is rapidly increasing in our setting. Treatment sites and planning techniques are becoming more diversified and complex.
Resumo Objetivo: realizar uma análise quantitativa das indicações e do uso de SBRT (stereotactic body radiotherapy) em uma instituição filantrópica. Além disso, descrever temporalmente as características dos pacientes e tratamentos. Método: retrospectivamente, foram coletados, por dois investigadores independentes, os dados de todos os pacientes tratados com SBRT na instituição no período de maio de 2007 a fevereiro de 2015. Dados foram estratificados e comparados em dois períodos: inicial (P1) (maio de 2007 a abril de 2011) e período seguinte (P2) (maio de 2011 a abril de 2015). Os seguintes parâmetros foram comparados entre os grupos: número total de pacientes e lesões tratadas, local de tratamento, uso de imagens adicionais, adoção formal de protocolo e técnica de planejamento. Resultados: foram avaliados 176 pacientes e 191 lesões, sendo 34 (18%) no P1 e 157 (82%) no P2, tratados com SBRT. A maioria das lesões eram metastáticas (60,3%), sendo pulmão o sítio mais prevalente, contabilizando 115/191 (60,2%) lesões, seguida de lesões ósseas (30,8%). Uma média de 1,4 (±0,6) exame de imagem adicional foi usada para o delineamento. Uso formal de protocolo/recomendações foi descrito em 79% das lesões. A técnica 3D-conformada (3DCRT - three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy) foi a mais utilizada para planejamento [123/191 (64,4%) lesões] quando comparada à intensidade modulada e ao arco dinâmico (p=0.0001). O P1 esteve associado a maior número de lesões primárias tratadas (OR 2,09; p=0,0005), lesões pulmonares (OR 3,85; p=0,0198), pacientes ≥ 70 anos (OR 2,77; p=0,0005), uso de planejamento 3D (OR 16; p=0,0001), menor uso de imagens adicionais [0 ou 1 (versus > 1)] (OR 7,5; p=0,0001) e ECOG 0 (vs. > 0) (OR 0,21; p=0,0431). Conclusão: o uso de SBRT aumentou ao longo do tempo na instituição. No P2, notou-se uma evolução técnica, com indicações mais diferenciadas, maior uso de imagens auxiliares para definição do alvo e técnicas de planejamento mais sofisticadas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/estadística & datos numéricos , Radiocirugia/estadística & datos numéricos , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/radioterapia , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil , Análisis de Supervivencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Radiocirugia/métodos , Radiocirugia/tendencias , Países en Desarrollo , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/radioterapiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To propose a random forest normal tissue complication probability (RF-NTCP) model to predict late rectal toxicity following prostate cancer radiation therapy, and to compare its performance to that of classic NTCP models. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Clinical data and dose-volume histograms (DVH) were collected from 261 patients who received 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer with at least 5 years of follow-up. The series was split 1000 times into training and validation cohorts. A RF was trained to predict the risk of 5-year overall rectal toxicity and bleeding. Parameters of the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) model were identified and a logistic regression model was fit. The performance of all the models was assessed by computing the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: The 5-year grade ≥2 overall rectal toxicity and grade ≥1 and grade ≥2 rectal bleeding rates were 16%, 25%, and 10%, respectively. Predictive capabilities were obtained using the RF-NTCP model for all 3 toxicity endpoints, including both the training and validation cohorts. The age and use of anticoagulants were found to be predictors of rectal bleeding. The AUC for RF-NTCP ranged from 0.66 to 0.76, depending on the toxicity endpoint. The AUC values for the LKB-NTCP were statistically significantly inferior, ranging from 0.62 to 0.69. CONCLUSIONS: The RF-NTCP model may be a useful new tool in predicting late rectal toxicity, including variables other than DVH, and thus appears as a strong competitor to classic NTCP models.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiología , Modelos Estadísticos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , Radioterapia Conformacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Recto/efectos de la radiación , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Área Bajo la Curva , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Probabilidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Traumatismos por Radiación/complicaciones , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Radioterapia Conformacional/efectos adversos , Radioterapia Conformacional/métodos , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagen , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Monte Carlo calculations of the absorbed dose at various points of a brachytherapy anthropomorphic phantom are presented. The phantom walls and internal structures are made of polymethylmethacrylate and its external shape was taken from a female Alderson phantom. A complete Fletcher-Green type applicator with the uterine tandem was fixed at the bottom of the phantom reproducing a typical geometrical configuration as that attained in a gynecological brachytherapy treatment. The dose rate produced by an array of five (137)Cs CDC-J type sources placed in the applicator colpostats and the uterine tandem was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations using the code PENELOPE at three points: point A, the rectum, and the bladder. The influence of the applicator in the dose rate was evaluated by comparing Monte Carlo simulations of the sources alone and the sources inserted in the applicator. Differences up to 56% in the dose may be observed for the two cases in the planes including the rectum and bladder. The results show a reduction of the dose of 15.6%, 14.0%, and 5.6% in the rectum, bladder, and point A respectively, when the applicator wall and shieldings are considered.