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Previous studies have discussed the relationship between simple renal cysts (SRC) and serum uric acid level in healthy individuals. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between serum uric acid level and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) and simple renal cysts in males and postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes. The overall prevalence of SRC was 18.1% in our population. SRC prevalence was significantly higher in hyperuricemic than normouricemic subjects (27.3% vs. 16.8%, P < 0.001). Subjects who overexcreted uric acid had a higher prevalence of SRC than underexcretors (total population: 21.6% vs. 16.3%; normouricemic subjects: 19.8% vs. 13.7%; hyperuricemic subjects: 50.0% vs. 22.7%, all P-values < 0.05). Hyperuricemia (odds ratio [OR] 1.824, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.332-2.498, P < 0.001); FEUA (OR 1.046, 95% CI 1.002-1.091, P < 0.05); male gender (OR 1.922, 95% CI 1.489-2.480, P < 0.001); age (OR 1.049, 95% CI 1.035-1.064, P < 0.001); and albuminuria (OR 1.492, 95% CI 1.176-1.892, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for SRC development. These findings suggested that hyperuricemia and high level of FEUA were both independent risk factors for SRC development in males and postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes. Half of overproduction hyperuricemic patients had SRC.

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Under analysis are results of an examination of 56 patients with hormonally non-active tumors of the adrenals, 48 of them were operated upon. In 20 patients (35%) they had clinical manifestations, 16 patients (28%) had an elevated level of the 17-HCS and 17-CS excretion in the 24-hours urine. Morphological investigations of the tumors in 20 patients have revealed clear cell adenomas of the cortical layer of the adrenal, in 19 patients--tumoral cysts, in 3 patients--true cysts, in 1 case-myelolipoma, in 1 case--ganglioneuromyelolipoma, in 4 cases--hormonally non-active carcinomas of the adrenal cortex. The authors propose to designate the new formations described as hormonally non-active tumors of the adrenals. In view of the absence of absolute methods for the identification of malignancy of the tumors the operative treatment of them is proposed.

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The existing classifications of simple renal cysts are based on cyst fluid sodium concentration or cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio. The present study aimed to assess: 1) the usefulness of cyst fluid concentrations of beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-MG) as a marker of proximal tubules function and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) as a marker of distal tubules function to define the origin of renal cysts (proximal or distal); and 2) the function of proximal and distal tubules in patients with simple renal cysts. 31 patients with simple renal cysts and 10 healthy subjects were examined. Basing on the cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio, 25 cysts were classified as of proximal origin and 6 as of undetermined origin. In all patients cyst fluid and plasma concentrations of beta-2-MG, erythropoietin, sodium, potassium and total protein were assessed. Urinary excretion of beta-2-MG and THP was also estimated and fractional excretion of beta-2-MG was calculated. The concentration of beta-2-MG in fluid obtained from cysts of proximal origin were significantly higher than in fluid from cysts of undetermined origin (2.26 +/- 0.36 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.13 mg/l, p = 0.0004). Concentrations of THP (6.85 +/- 1.21 vs. 3.14 +/- 1.06 micrograms/ml, p < 0.05), erythropoietin (500.6 +/- 176.8 vs. 42.0 +/- 17.7 mU/ml, p < 0.05) and potassium (4.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 3.13 +/- 0.44 mmol/l, p < 0.05) were also higher in fluid from proximal cysts than in fluid from cysts of undetermined origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The 24-h urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone and etiocholanolone was followed in healthy women (n = 50) and in women with benign-fibroadenoma (n = 32), microcysts (n = 32), macrocysts (n = 25) and malignant (n = 35) breast disease aged 35-50 years. The data were analysed in three groups each covering 5 years (35-39, 40-44 and 45-49). A significant decrease in the excretion of etiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was found in women with benign and malignant breast disease when compared to controls. There was no significant decrease in androsterone excretion in women with benign and malignant breast disease when compared to a control group. A high correlation was found between excretion of etiocholanolone and its precursor dehydroepiandrosterone both in women with benign-fibroadenoma (r = 0.7683) or macrocysts (r = 0.7337) and in women with malignant (r = 0.805) breast disease. Dehydroepiandrosterone and, in particular, etiocholanolone excretions were found to decrease significantly with age in women affected by malignant breast disease.

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A case is reported in which a urinoma developed following a renal transplant. Dual isotope renography-cystography using Tc-99m DTPA and Ga-67 citrate revealed the diagnosis after ultrasonography and radiographic cystography were nondiagnostic.

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The urine of 26 otherwise healthy women with fibrocystic disease of the breast was assayed by gas chromatography for testosterone and androstanediol (5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol), the major metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. The mean values for both androgens were significantly higher than in 18 normal women in the same age range. Sixteen of the 26 fibrocystic disease patients also had endometrial hyperplasia. Since the endometrial specimen was obtained in the premenstrual period, the presence of hyperplasia proved that the menstrual cycle in over two-thirds of the fibrocystic disease patients was nonovulatory.

PIP: Urine of 26 otherwise healthy women with fibrocystic breast disease (FCD) was assayed by gas chromatography for testosterone (Tes) and androstanediol (Ans), the major metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. The 26 patients under study had been subjected 3-5 months previously to biopsies of breast lumps, diagnosed as FCD. The histological features varied from simple cystic formations with moderate epithelial proliferation in 11 women (Group 1) to pronounced intraductal epithelial hyperplasia accompanied by epithelial cell atypia in 15 women (Group 2). The urinary Tes and Ans difference in FCD patients and controls (18 normal women) was significant at the level of p .01 for both androgens. In controls the mean excretion levels of Tes and Ans were 6.5 and 35 mcg/24 hours, respectively. In FCD patients, the mean Tes and Ans values were 17.4 and 68.5 mcg/24 hours, respectively. Group 2 presented a higher urinary Tes level than patients in Group 1, but the difference was not significant. The Ans level of Group 1 patients was significantly above normal (p .01) and near significantly higher (p .08) than that of the Group 2 patients; whereas the Ans level of Group 2 patients did not differ significantly from the normal value. Endometrial specimens showed that 16/26 FCD patients had endometrial hyperplasia. Since the endometrial specimen was obtained in the premenstrual period (Days 20-22), the presence of hyperplasia proved that the menstrual cycle in over two-thirds of the FCD patients was nonovulatory.

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Comparative investigations of the urinary excretion of different 17-ketosteroids in healthy women and patients suffering from mastopathia fibrocystica and/or mammary carcinomas had the following results: 1. A clear age dependency of the excretion of 17 ketosteroids during the regenerative period has been shown in all groups investigated, but it could not be observed during the postmenopausal phase. 2. There are no hints by the excretion values for a remarkable contribution of mammary carcinomas to the hormone metabolism of the host. 3. The excretion values of patients suffering from mastopathia fibrocystica confirm epidemiological results, which consider this from of mastopathia a precancerous one.

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