RESUMEN
Chilean peach growers have achieved worldwide recognition for their high-quality fruit products. Among the main factors influencing peach fruit quality, sweetness is pivotal for maintaining the market's competitiveness. Numerous studies have been conducted in different peach-segregating populations to unravel SSC regulation. However, different cultivars may also have distinct genetic conformation, and other factors, such as environmental conditions, can significantly impact SSC. Using a transcriptomic approach with a gene co-expression network analysis, we aimed to identify the regulatory mechanism that controls the sugar accumulation process in an 'O × N' peach population. This population was previously studied through genomic analysis, associating LG5 with the genetic control of the SSC trait. The results obtained in this study allowed us to identify 91 differentially expressed genes located on chromosome 5 of the peach genome as putative new regulators of sugar accumulation in peach, together with a regulatory network that involves genes directly associated with sugar transport (PpSWEET15), cellulose biosynthesis (PpCSLG2), flavonoid biosynthesis (PpPAL1), pectin modifications (PpPG, PpPL and PpPMEi), expansins (PpEXPA1 and PpEXPA8) and several transcription factors (PpC3H67, PpHB7, PpRVE1 and PpCBF4) involved with the SSC phenotype. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of the SSC trait for future breeding programs in peaches.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Prunus persica , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Azúcares/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , ChileRESUMEN
Leaf senescence and abscission in autumn are critical phenological events in deciduous woody perennials. After leaf fall, dormant buds remain on deciduous woody perennials, which then enter a winter dormancy phase. Thus, leaf fall is widely believed to be linked to the onset of dormancy. In Rosaceae fruit trees, DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) transcription factors control bud dormancy. However, apart from their regulatory effects on bud dormancy, the biological functions of DAMs have not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we revealed a novel DAM function influencing leaf senescence and abscission in autumn. In Prunus mume, PmDAM6 expression was gradually up-regulated in leaves during autumn toward leaf fall. Our comparative transcriptome analysis using two RNA-seq datasets for the leaves of transgenic plants overexpressing PmDAM6 and peach (Prunus persica) DAM6 (PpeDAM6) indicated Prunus DAM6 may up-regulate the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling as well as leaf abscission. Significant increases in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate accumulation and ethylene emission in DEX-treated 35S:PmDAM6-GR leaves reflect the inductive effect of PmDAM6 on ethylene biosynthesis. Additionally, ethephon treatments promoted autumn leaf senescence and abscission in apple and P. mume, mirroring the changes due to PmDAM6 overexpression. Collectively, these findings suggest that PmDAM6 may induce ethylene emission from leaves, thereby promoting leaf senescence and abscission. This study clarified the effects of Prunus DAM6 on autumn leaf fall, which is associated with bud dormancy onset. Accordingly, in Rosaceae, DAMs may play multiple important roles affecting whole plant growth during the tree dormancy induction phase.
Asunto(s)
Etilenos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hojas de la Planta , Proteínas de Plantas , Senescencia de la Planta , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Prunus , Prunus/genética , Prunus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Prunus/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Senescencia de la Planta/genética , Latencia en las Plantas/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Dominio MADS/genética , Proteínas de Dominio MADS/metabolismo , Estaciones del Año , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Prunus persica/metabolismoRESUMEN
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a worldwide agricultural pest. Chlorpyrifos has been widely used to control M. persicae for decades, thus leading to a high resistance to chlorpyrifos. Recent studies have found that insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play essential roles in insecticide resistance. However, the potential resistance mechanism underlying the cross-link between aphid OBPs and chlorpyrifos remains unclear. In this study, two OBPs (MperOBP3 and MperOBP7) were found overexpressed in M. persicae chlorpyrifos-resistant strains (CRR) compared to chlorpyrifos-sensitive strains (CSS); furthermore, chlorpyrifos can significantly induce the expression of both OBPs. An in vitro binding assay indicated that both OBPs strongly bind with chlorpyrifos; an in vivo RNAi and toxicity bioassay confirmed silencing either of the two OBPs can increase the susceptibility of aphids to chlorpyrifos, suggesting that overexpression of MperOBP3 and MperOBP7 contributes to the development of resistance of M. persicae to chlorpyrifos. Our findings provide novel insights into insect OBPs-mediated resistance mechanisms.
Asunto(s)
Áfidos , Cloropirifos , Proteínas de Insectos , Resistencia a los Insecticidas , Insecticidas , Receptores Odorantes , Animales , Áfidos/genética , Áfidos/efectos de los fármacos , Áfidos/metabolismo , Cloropirifos/metabolismo , Cloropirifos/farmacología , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Receptores Odorantes/química , Resistencia a los Insecticidas/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/química , Insecticidas/farmacología , Insecticidas/metabolismo , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/parasitología , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Prunus persica/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cross-reactivity between nonspecific lipid transfer proteins could cause anaphylaxis, further influencing food avoidance and nutrient deficiencies. The one affecting olive pollen (Ole e 7) and peach (Pru p 3) may underlie a variety of pollen-food syndromes, though a deep molecular analysis is necessary. METHODS: Three Ole e 7-monosensitised patients (MON_OLE), three Pru p 3-monosensitised patients (MON_PRU) and three bisensitised patients (BI) were selected. For epitope mapping, both digested proteins were incubated with patient sera, and the captured IgE-bound peptides were characterised by LC-MS. RESULTS: The analysis revealed two Ole e 7 epitopes and the three Pru p 3 epitopes previously described. Interestingly, the "KSALALVGNKV" Ole e 7 peptide was recognised by MON_OLE, BI and MON_PRU patients. Conversely, all patients recognised the "ISASTNCATVK" Pru p 3 peptide. Although complete sequence alignment between both proteins revealed 32.6% identity, local alignment considering seven residue fragments showed 50 and 57% identity when comparing "ISASTNCATVK" with Ole e 7 and "KSALALVGNKV" with Pru p 3. CONCLUSIONS: This study mapped sIgE-Ole e 7-binding epitopes, paving the way for more precise diagnostic tools. Assuming non-significant sequence similarity, structural homology and shared key residues may underlie the potential cross-reactivity between Ole e 7 and Pru p 3 nsLTPs.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Plantas , Reacciones Cruzadas , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Inmunoglobulina E , Olea , Proteínas de Plantas , Polen , Prunus persica , Humanos , Antígenos de Plantas/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Polen/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Olea/inmunología , Proteínas de Plantas/inmunología , Femenino , Masculino , Prunus persica/inmunología , Mapeo Epitopo , Adulto , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Epítopos/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Portadoras/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Manganese (Mn) is indispensable for plant growth, but its excessive uptake in acidic soils leads to toxicity, hampering food safety. Phosphorus (P) application is known to mitigate Mn toxicity, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we conducted physiological and transcriptomic analyses of peach roots response to P supply under Mn toxicity. Manganese treatment disrupted root architecture and caused ultrastructural damage due to oxidative injury. Notably, P application ameliorated the detrimental effects and improved the damaged roots by preventing the shrinkage of cortical cells, epidermis and endodermis, as well as reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transcriptomic analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cysteine, methionine and glutathione metabolism under Mn and P treatments. Phosphorus application upregulated the transcripts and activities of core enzymes crucial for lignin biosynthesis, enhancing cell wall integrity. Furthermore, P treatment activated ascorbate-glutathione cycle, augmenting ROS detoxification. Additionally, under Mn toxicity, P application downregulated Mn uptake transporter while enhancing vacuolar sequestration transporter transcripts, reducing Mn uptake and facilitating vacuolar storage. Collectively, P application prevents Mn accumulation in roots by modulating Mn transporters, bolstering lignin biosynthesis and attenuating oxidative stress, thereby improving root growth under Mn toxicity. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of P-mediated alleviation of Mn stress and strategies for managing metal toxicity in peach orchards.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico , Glutatión , Lignina , Manganeso , Fósforo , Raíces de Plantas , Prunus persica , Manganeso/metabolismo , Manganeso/toxicidad , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Fósforo/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Prunus persica/efectos de los fármacos , Prunus persica/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Sugar content is a critical indicator of fruit quality and is mainly controlled by sugar transporters. Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) proteins play an indispensable role in sugar allocation between and within plant organs. Sucrose is the major sugar in many fruits and the predominant form of sugar translocated in peach (Prunus persica). However, the role of the multiple peach SWEET genes in sucrose allocation to fruit remains elusive. In this study, a total of 19 SWEET candidates have been identified in the peach genome, and two Clade III SWEET genes, PpSWEET9a and PpSWEET14, are found to be highly expressed in mature source leaves and branches. Complementation assays, transgene manipulations, and protein interaction studies reveal that PpSWEET9a and PpSWEET14 serve as sucrose efflux proteins and form a heterooligomer that synergistically directs sucrose allocation from source leaves to fruits. Our findings provide insights into the effect of SWEETs on sugar accumulation in peach fruit and identify genetic candidates for improving fruit quality.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hojas de la Planta , Proteínas de Plantas , Prunus persica , Sacarosa , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Sacarosa/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genéticaRESUMEN
Selection of fruits with enhanced health benefits and superior flavor is an important aspect of peach breeding. Understanding the genetic interplay between appearance and flavor chemicals remains a major challenge. We identify the most important volatiles contributing to consumer preferences for peach, thus establishing priorities for improving flavor quality. We quantify volatiles of a peach population consisting of 184 accessions and demonstrate major reductions in the important flavor volatiles linalool and Z-3-hexenyl acetate in red-fleshed accessions. We identify 474 functional gene regulatory networks (GRNs), among which GRN05 plays a crucial role in controlling both red flesh and volatile content through the NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC (NAC) transcription factor PpBL. Overexpressing PpBL results in reduced expression of PpNAC1, a positive regulator for Z-3-hexenyl acetate and linalool synthesis. Additionally, we identify haplotypes for three tandem PpAATs that are significantly correlated with reduced gene expression and ester content. We develop genetic resources for improvement of fruit quality.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Prunus persica , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Odorantes/análisis , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , MultiómicaRESUMEN
Peach (Prunus persica), a significant economic fruit tree in the Rosaceae family, is extensively cultivated in temperate and subtropical regions due to its abundant genetic diversity, robust adaptability, and high nutritional value. Originating from China over 4000 years ago, peaches were introduced to Persia through the Silk Road during the Han Dynasty and gradually spread to India, Greece, Rome, Egypt, Europe, and America. Currently grown in more than 80 countries worldwide, the expansion of peach cultivation in Egypt is mainly due to the development and utilization of peach varieties with low chilling requirements. These varieties exhibit unique phenotypic characteristics such as early maturity, reduced need for winter cold temperatures, low water requirements, and high economic value. In this study, a systematic analysis was conducted on the genetic characteristics and kinship relationships of peaches with low chilling requirements in Egypt. We conducted a comprehensive evolutionary and Identity-by-Descent (IBD) analysis on over 300 peach core germplasm resources, including Egyptian cultivars with low chilling requirements, to investigate their origin and genetic characteristics. The evolutionary analysis revealed that 'Bitter almond' is closely related to China's wild relative species Prunus tangutica Batal, while 'Early grand' shares one branch with Chinese ornamental peach cultivars, and 'Nemaguard' clusters with some ancient local varieties from China. The IBD analysis also indicated similar genetic backgrounds, suggesting a plausible origin from China. Similarly, the analysis suggested that 'Swelling' may have originated from the Czech Republic while 'Met ghamr' has connections to South Africa. 'Desert red', 'Early swelling', and 'Florida prince' are likely derived from Brazil. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic characteristics of Egyptian peach cultivars. They offer a significant foundation for investigating the origin and spread of cultivated peaches worldwide and serve as a valuable genetic resource for breeding low chilling requirement cultivars, which is of considerable significance for the advancement of peach cultivation in Egypt.
Asunto(s)
Variación Genética , Filogenia , Prunus persica , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Prunus persica/clasificación , Egipto , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Solar-powered interfacial evaporation is a developing and sustainable technique increasingly utilized in desalination and wastewater purification. This technology involves the creation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/polylactic acid (PLA) composite aerogels through the Pickering emulsion approach. Self-floating aero-hydrogel (E-VGP) with a hierarchical porous structure was formed on a viscous mixture containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), peach gum polysaccharide (PGP), and polypyrrole (PPy) via an in-situ polymerization process. Furthermore, by modifying the hydrolysis time of PGP with a hyperbranched polyhydroxy structure, VGP hybrid hydrogels of varying microscopic molecular sizes were produced. Additionally, solar vapor generators (SVG) with diverse macroscopic structures were fabricated using molds. The V8G4-12hP0.2 hybrid hydrogel, synthesized using PGP hydrolyzed for 12 h, exhibited an evaporation enthalpy of water at 1204 J g-1. This capacity effectively activates water and enables low enthalpy evaporation. Conversely, the macrostructural design allows the cylindrical rod raised sundial-shaped structure of SVG3 to possess an expanded evaporation area, minimize energy loss, and even harness additional energy from its nonradiative side. Consequently, this micro-macrostructural design enables SVG3 to attain an exceptionally high evaporation rate of 3.13 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 Sun exposure. Moreover, SVG3 demonstrates robust water purification abilities, suggesting significant potential for application in both desalination and industrial wastewater treatment.
Asunto(s)
Hidrogeles , Gomas de Plantas , Polisacáridos , Agua , Hidrogeles/química , Porosidad , Gomas de Plantas/química , Polisacáridos/química , Agua/química , Prunus persica/química , Luz Solar , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Polímeros/química , HidrólisisRESUMEN
A high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-visible detector-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-total antioxidant capacity determination (HPLC-UVD-ESI-IT-TOF-MS-TACD) new online technique was developed for efficient screening of potential antioxidant active components in Prunus persica flowers (PPF) from 4 origins. Through this online system, 46 compounds were initially identified, while 20 compounds with DPPH binding activity and 21 compounds with FRAP binding activity were detected. The antioxidant activities of 9 compounds obtained from the screening were then validated in DNA oxidative damage protection study. The results showed that this online system can cope well with the complexity of the samples. This also provides technical basis for rapid screening of antioxidant resources of PPF. In short, this study made the chemical composition of PPF more abundant and its potential antioxidant active compounds more explicit, which provided new ideas for the detection and development of natural antioxidants and provided scientific basis for PPF as functional food.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Daño del ADN , Flores , Prunus persica , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Flores/química , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Prunus persica/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Picratos/químicaRESUMEN
Chlorophyll (Chl) catabolism and anthocyanin synthesis play pivotal roles in determining the final skin color of fruits during maturation. However, in peach (Prunus persica) fruit, the regulatory mechanism governing skin color, especially the Chl catabolism, remains largely elusive. In this study, we identified ten Chl catabolic genes (CCGs), with PpSGR emerging as a key regulator in Chl degradation in peaches. Furthermore, a NAC-like, activated by AP3/P1 (NAP) transcription factor (TF), PpNAP4, was identified as a positive modulator of Chl breakdown. PpNAP4 induced the expression of PpSGR and other CCGs, including PpPPH, PpPAO, and PpTIC55-2, by directly binding to their promoters. Overexpression of PpNAP4 resulted in a heightened expression of these genes and accelerated Chl degradation. Notably, PpNAP4 also positively regulated the expression of PpANS and PpMYB10.1, one key structural gene and a core transcriptional regulator of anthocyanin synthesis, thereby contributing to fruit coloration. In summary, our findings elucidate that PpNAP4 serves as a pivotal regulator in determining the final skin color of peach by orchestrating Chl degradation and anthocyanin accumulation through direct activation of multiple CCGs and anthocyanin related genes.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Clorofila , Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Prunus persica , Factores de Transcripción , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/química , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Prunus persica/química , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Semen persicae is the dried mature seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch and P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch and is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations because of its variety of biological effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and toxicity profiles of semen persicae extract (SPE) after determining the amygdalin content (4.95%) using HPLC. Regarding the in vitro antioxidant activity, SPE with 2 mg/mL concentration scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and ABTS free radicals with rates of 51.78%, 55.47%, and 57.16%, respectively. The same concentration of SPE chelated 30.76% Fe2+. The in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed that SPE induced 92.45% cell viabilities of HEPG2 even at 2000 µg/mL. In the acute toxicity study, oral administration of SPE did not provoke mortality or any toxic signs at doses up to 2000 mg/kg bw. Repeated oral administration for 28 days at doses of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg per day in rats did not show any toxicity signs or gross pathological abnormalities. The results of the present research provide basic reference data for SPE with a moderate effect on antioxidant activity and low toxicity for future screening of biological and pharmacological properties.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Ratas , Masculino , Prunus persica/química , Células Hep G2 , Semillas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of peach blossom soluble dietary fiber (PBSDF) and polyphenol (PBP) combinations on loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation in mice, together with the possible mechanism of action. The results demonstrated that the combined use of PBSDF and PBP could synergistically accelerate the gastrointestinal transit rate and gastric emptying rate, shorten first red fecal defecation time, accelerate the frequency of defecation, regulate the abnormal secretion of gastrointestinal neurotransmitters and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and down-regulate the expressions of AQP3 and AQP8. Western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that PBSDF + PBP up-regulated the protein and mRNA expressions of SCF and C-kit in SCF/C-kit signaling pathway, and down-regulated pro-inflammatory mediator expressions in NF-κB signaling pathway. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the diversity of gut microbiota and the relative abundance of specific strains, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter, rehabilitated after PBSDF + PBP intervention. These findings suggested that the combination of a certain dose of PBSDF and PBP had a synergistic effect on attenuating Lop-induced constipation, and the synergistic mechanism in improving constipation might associated with the regulating NF-κB and SCF/C-kit signaling pathway, and modulating the specific gut strains on constipation-related systemic types. The present study provided a novel strategy via dietary fiber and polyphenol interactions for the treatment of constipation.
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Estreñimiento , Fibras de la Dieta , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Loperamida , FN-kappa B , Polifenoles , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit , Prunus persica , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Células Madre , Animales , Estreñimiento/inducido químicamente , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Polifenoles/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Factor de Células Madre/metabolismo , Masculino , Prunus persica/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/genética , Acuaporina 3/metabolismo , Acuaporina 3/genética , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
The introduction of flame retardancy and low-temperature self-healing capacities in hydrogel electrolytes are crucial for promoting the cycle stability and durability of the flexible supercapacitors in extreme environments. Herein, biomass-based dual-network hydrogel electrolyte (named PSBGL), was synthesized with borax crosslinked peach gum polysaccharide/sisal nanofibers composite, and its application in flexible supercapacitors was also investigated in detail. The dynamic cross-linking of the dual-network endows the PSBGL with excellent self-healing performance, enabling ultrafast self-healing within seconds at both room temperature and extreme low temperatures. The PSBGL bio-based hydrogel electrolyte can maintain the integrity of the carbon layer structure with limiting oxygen index of 56 % after 60 s of combustion under a flame gun. Additionally, the PSBGL exhibits high ionic conductivity (30.12 mS cm-1), good tensile strength (1.78 MPa), and robust adhesion to electrodes (1.15 MPa). The assembled supercapacitors demonstrate a high specific capacitance of 187.8 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, with 95.9 % capacitance retention rate after 10,000 cycles at room temperature. Importantly, even under extreme temperatures of 60 °C and -35 °C, the supercapacitors can also maintain high capacitance retention rates of 90.1 % and 86.5 % after 10,000 cycles. This work fills the gap between biomaterial design and high-performance flexible supercapacitors.
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Capacidad Eléctrica , Electrólitos , Hidrogeles , Nanofibras , Gomas de Plantas , Nanofibras/química , Electrólitos/química , Hidrogeles/química , Gomas de Plantas/química , Prunus persica/química , Polisacáridos/química , Frío , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
Zein-based nanofibers (NFs) functionalized with nisin (NS), reinforced with montmorillonite nanoclay (nMMT) were fabricated by uniaxial electrospinning (ES) for the first time to preserve yellow peach. Spinnability/viscosity/conductivity optimizations generated porous (95.09%), bead-free, ultrathin (119 nm) NFs of low hydrophobicity (26.05°). Glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking fostered positive outcomes of tensile strength (1.23 MPa), elongation (5.0%), hydrophobicity (99.46°), surface area (201.38 m2.g-1), pore size (2.88 nm), thermal stability (Tmax = 342 °C), antioxidant/cytotoxic activities in optimized NFs that released NS sustainably according to Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicating a Fickian diffusion mechanism with R2 = 0.9587. The novel NFs inhibited growth of Listeria monocytogenes/aerobic mesophilic populations in peach after 4 days of abusive storage, evincing their robustness in food contact applications. Simultaneously, quality parameters (moisture/texture/browning/total soluble solids/pH) and peach physical appearance were maintained for up to 8 days, endorsing the practical value of zein-based NFs as a non-thermal postharvest intervention for prolonging fruits storage life.
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Embalaje de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes , Nanofibras , Nisina , Prunus persica , Zeína , Zeína/química , Listeria monocytogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Listeria monocytogenes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nanofibras/química , Nisina/química , Nisina/farmacología , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Prunus persica/química , Prunus persica/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Bupirimate (BPM) is a high-efficiency and low-toxicity fungicide used to combat powdery mildew in crops. To mitigate potential health risks to consumers resulting from improper BPM usage, we prepared a monoclonal antibody against BPM based on novel hapten synthesis, which has high sensitivity and strong specificity, and then successfully designed a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic (ICG) strip. The newly designed ICG strip was then employed for detecting BPM residues in peach, orange, and carrot. The results show that for the peach, orange, and carrot samples, the calculated detection limits of the ICG strip are 9.36, 0.79, and 0.57 ng/g, respectively, and that it is resistant to the matrix effect and meets the maximum residue limit requirements of European Commission for BPM. Therefore, this developed ICG strip is expected to enable swift detection of BPM residues on the spot.
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Cromatografía de Afinidad , Citrus sinensis , Daucus carota , Contaminación de Alimentos , Residuos de Plaguicidas , Prunus persica , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Daucus carota/química , Prunus persica/química , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Cromatografía de Afinidad/instrumentación , Citrus sinensis/química , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Fungicidas Industriales/análisis , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/análisis , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pruning is an important cultivation management option that has important effects on peach yield and quality. However, the effects of pruning on the overall genetic and metabolic changes in peach leaves and fruits are poorly understood. RESULTS: The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of leaves and fruits from trees subjected to pruning and unpruning treatments were measured. A total of 20,633 genes and 622 metabolites were detected. Compared with those in the control, 1,127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 77 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in leaves from pruned and unpruned trees (pdLvsupdL), whereas 423 DEGs and 29 DEMs were identified in fruits from the pairwise comparison pdFvsupdF. The content of three auxin analogues was upregulated in the leaves of pruned trees, the content of all flavonoids detected in the leaves decreased, and the expression of almost all genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway decreased. The phenolic acid and amino acid metabolites detected in fruits from pruned trees were downregulated, and all terpenoids were upregulated. The correlation analysis revealed that DEGs and DEMs in leaves were enriched in tryptophan metabolism, auxin signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis. DEGs and DEMs in fruits were enriched in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as L-glutamic acid biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS: Pruning has different effects on the leaves and fruits of peach trees, affecting mainly the secondary metabolism and hormone signalling pathways in leaves and amino acid biosynthesis in fruits.
Asunto(s)
Frutas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Metabolómica , Hojas de la Planta , Prunus persica , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Prunus persica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Metaboloma , Transcriptoma , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is extensively used as a functional food and herbal medicine, with its application closely associated with hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA). However, the low oral bioavailability of HSYA in safflower extract (SFE) limits its health benefits and application. Our study found that co-administration of 250, 330, and 400 mg/kg peach kernel oil (PKO) increased the oral bioavailability of HSYA in SFE by 1.99-, 2.11-, and 2.49-fold, respectively. The enhanced bioavailability is attributed to improved lipid solubility and intestinal permeability of HSYA in SFE due to PKO. PKO is believed to modify membrane fluidity and tight junctions, increase paracellular penetration, and inhibit the expression and function of P-glycoprotein, enhancing the transcellular transport of substrates. These mechanisms suggest that PKO is an effective absorption enhancer. Our findings provide valuable insights for developing functional foods with improved bioavailability.
Asunto(s)
Disponibilidad Biológica , Carthamus tinctorius , Chalcona , Extractos Vegetales , Prunus persica , Quinonas , Chalcona/química , Chalcona/análogos & derivados , Chalcona/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Quinonas/química , Quinonas/metabolismo , Carthamus tinctorius/química , Animales , Prunus persica/química , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Humanos , Aceites de Plantas/química , Masculino , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Dwarfing rootstocks enhance planting density, lower tree height, and reduce both labor in peach production. Cerasus humilis is distinguished by its dwarf stature, rapid growth, and robust fruiting capabilities, presenting substantial potential for further development. In this study, Ruipan 4 was used as the scion and grafted onto Amygdalus persica and Cerasus humilis, respectively. The results indicate that compared to grafting combination R/M (Ruipan 4/Amygdalus persica), grafting combination R/O (Ruipan 4/Cerasus humilis) plants show a significant reduction in height and a significant increase in flower buds. RNA-seq indicates that genes related to gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolism are involved in the dwarfing process of scions mediated by C. humilis. The expression levels of the GA metabolism-related gene PpGA2ox7 significantly increased in R/O and are strongly correlated with plant height, branch length, and internode length. Furthermore, GA levels were significantly reduced in R/O. The transcription factor PpGATA21 was identified through yeast one-hybrid screening of the PpGA2ox7 promoter. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) demonstrate that PpGATA21 can bind to the promoter of PpGA2ox7 and activate its expression. Overall, PpGATA21 activates the expression of the GA-related gene PpGA2ox7, resulting in reduced GA levels and consequent dwarfing of plants mediated by C. humilis. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of C. humilis and offers a scientific foundation for the dwarfing and high-density cultivation of peach trees.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Giberelinas , Proteínas de Plantas , Prunus persica , Prunus persica/genética , Prunus persica/crecimiento & desarrollo , Prunus persica/metabolismo , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Árboles/genética , Árboles/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Peach is one of the popular and economically important fruit crops in China. Peach cultivation is hampered due to attacks of anthracnose disease, causing significant economic losses. Colletotrichum fructicola and Colletotrichum siamense belong to the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and are considered major pathogens of peach anthracnose. Application of different groups of fungicides is a routine approach for controlling this disease. However, fungicide resistance is a significant drawback in managing peach anthracnose nowadays. In this study, 39 isolates of C. fructicola and 41 isolates of C. siamense were collected from different locations in various provinces in China. The sensitivity of C. fructicola and C. siamense to some commonly used fungicides, i.e., carbendazim, iprodione, fluopyram, and propiconazole, was determined. All the isolates of C. fructicola collected from Guangdong province showed high resistance to carbendazim, whereas isolates collected from Guizhou province were sensitive. In C. siamense, isolates collected from Hebei province showed moderate resistance, while those from Shandong province were sensitive to carbendazim. On the other hand, all the isolates of C. fructicola and C. siamense showed high resistance to the dicarboximide (DCF) fungicide iprodione and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide fluopyram. However, they are all sensitive to the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide propiconazole. Positive cross-resistance was observed between carbendazim and benomyl as they are members of the same methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) group. While no correlation of sensitivity was observed between different groups of fungicides. No significant differences were found in each fitness parameter between carbendazim-resistant and sensitive isolates in both species. Molecular characterization of the ß-tubulin 2 (TUB2) gene revealed that in C. fructicola, the E198A point mutation was the determinant for the high resistance to carbendazim, while the F200Y point mutation was linked with the moderate resistance to carbendazim in C. siamense. Based on the results of this study, DMI fungicides, e.g., propiconazole or prochloraz could be used to control peach anthracnose, especially at locations where the pathogens have already developed the resistance to carbendazim and other fungicides.