RESUMEN
Similarly to other strict blood feeders, leeches from the Haementeria genus (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) have established a symbiotic association with bacteria harbored intracellularly in esophageal bacteriomes. Previous genome sequence analyses of these endosymbionts revealed co-divergence with their hosts, a strong genome reduction, and a simplified metabolism largely dedicated to the production of B vitamins, which are nutrients lacking from a blood diet. 'Candidatus Providencia siddallii' has been identified as the obligate nutritional endosymbiont of a monophyletic clade of Mexican and South American Haementeria spp. However, the Haementeria genus includes a sister clade of congeners from Central and South America, where the presence or absence of the aforementioned symbiont taxon remains unknown. In this work, we report on a novel bacterial endosymbiont found in a representative from this Haementeria clade. We found that this symbiont lineage has evolved from within the Pluralibacter genus, known mainly from clinical but also environmental strains. Similarly to Ca. Providencia siddallii, the Haementeria-associated Pluralibacter symbiont displays clear signs of genome reduction, accompanied by an A+T-biased sequence composition. Genomic analysis of its metabolic potential revealed a retention of pathways related to B vitamin biosynthesis, supporting its role as a nutritional endosymbiont. Finally, comparative genomics of both Haementeria symbiont lineages suggests that an ancient Providencia symbiont was likely replaced by the novel Pluralibacter one, thus constituting the first reported case of nutritional symbiont replacement in a leech without morphological changes in the bacteriome. IMPORTANCE: Obligate symbiotic associations with a nutritional base have likely evolved more than once in strict blood-feeding leeches. Unlike those symbioses found in hematophagous arthropods, the nature, identity, and evolutionary history of these remains poorly studied. In this work, we further explored obligate nutritional associations between Haementeria leeches and their microbial symbionts, which led to the unexpected discovery of a novel symbiosis with a member of the Pluralibacter genus. When compared to Providencia siddallii, an obligate nutritional symbiont of other Haementeria leeches, this novel bacterial symbiont shows convergent retention of the metabolic pathways involved in B vitamin biosynthesis. Moreover, the genomic characteristics of this Pluralibacter symbiont suggest a more recent association than that of Pr. siddallii and Haementeria. We conclude that the once-thought stable associations between blood-feeding Glossiphoniidae and their symbionts (i.e., one bacteriome structure, one symbiont lineage) can break down, mirroring symbiont turnover observed in various arthropod lineages.
Asunto(s)
Sanguijuelas , Filogenia , Simbiosis , Animales , Sanguijuelas/microbiología , Sanguijuelas/fisiología , Genoma Bacteriano , Providencia/genética , Providencia/aislamiento & purificación , Providencia/metabolismo , Providencia/clasificación , Providencia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Providencia rettgeri, belonging to the genus Providencia, had gained significant interest due to its increasing prevalence as a common pathogen responsible for healthcare-associated infections in hospitals. P. rettgeri isolates producing carbapenemases have been reported to reduce the efficiency of carbapenems in clinical antimicrobial therapy. However, coexistence with other resistance determinants is rarely reported. The goal of this study was the molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing Providencia spp. clinical isolates. Among 23 Providencia spp. resistant to imipenem, 21 were positive to blaNDM-1; one positive to blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58 like; and one isolate co-producing blaIMP-27, blaOXA-24/40 like, and blaOXA-58 like were identified. We observed a low clonal relationship, and the incompatibility groups Col3M and ColRNAI were identified in the plasmid harboring blaNDM-1. We report for the first time a P. rettgeri strain co-producing blaIMP-27, blaOXA-24-like, and blaOXA-58 like. The analysis of these resistance mechanisms in carbapenemase co-producing clinical isolates reflects the increased resistance.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Providencia , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Providencia/genética , México/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genéticaRESUMEN
Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) represents a major threat to fruit production in the Western Hemisphere. Sterile insect technique is used to suppress and eradicate wild populations. Success of this control method necessitates weekly production of hundreds of millions of flies, their sterilization by irradiation, and their aerial release. Diet needed to produce large fly numbers are conducive to the spread of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 3 rearing facilities and from multiple sources: eggs, larvae, pupae and spent diet, and were found to include some isolates identified to the genus Providencia (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae). We identified 41 Providencia isolates and tested their pathogenicity to A. ludens. Based on 16s rRNA sequences, 3 groups were clustered into several species of Providencia with varying capacities to affect the Mexican fruit fly production. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens/P. rustigianii were all pathogenic causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 46-64% and 37-57%, respectively. Among them, Providencia isolate 3006 was the most pathogenic reducing larval and pupae yield by 73 and 81%, respectively. Isolates identified as P. sneebia were not pathogenic. The final cluster, P. rettgeri/P. vermicola, were variable in pathogenicity with 3 isolates yielding like the control and the rest causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 26-53% and 23-51%, respectively. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens/P. rustigianii were more virulent than P. rettgeri/P. vermicola. Accurate identification of species is needed to diagnose and monitor pathogenic versus nonpathogenic Providencia strains.
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Tephritidae , Animales , Providencia , Virulencia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Óvulo , Larva , PupaRESUMEN
During the first half of the twentieth century, the coal-producing region of Santa Catarina state underwent intense industrialization that directly impacted various ways of life; various health problems emerged in the region as a result of coal mining and impeded economic progress. As the government was unable to meet health demands, local businesses established partnerships with female religious orders that provided assistance services in the villages where workers lived. As part of such a partnership, the Pequenas Irmãs da Divina Providência created an album of texts, drawings, and photographs as a report describing their activities from 1955 to 1957 in one such village in the region.
Na primeira metade do século XX, a Região Carbonífera Catarinense passou por um intenso processo de industrialização que impactou diretamente as diferentes formas de vida. Como resultado da exploração do carvão mineral, a região enfrentou uma série de problemas sanitários que dificultavam o próprio processo de acumulação do capital. Diante da incapacidade de o poder público atender às demandas sanitárias, o empresariado local estabeleceu parcerias com congregações religiosas femininas para prestar serviços assistenciais em suas vilas operárias. Como resultado dessa relação, as Pequenas Irmãs da Divina Providência produziram um álbum/relatório, composto por textos, desenhos e fotografias que retratam suas atividades assistenciais, entre 1955 e 1957, em uma das vilas da região.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Mineral , Providencia , Humanos , Femenino , Asistencia Médica , Estradiol , BrasilRESUMEN
Providencia stuartii is one of the Enterobacteriaceae species of medical importance commonly associated with urinary infections, which can also cause other ones, including uncommon ones, such as liver abscess and septic vasculitis. This bacterium stands out in the expression of intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobials. Besides, it uses mechanisms such as biofilm for its persistence in biotic and abiotic environments. This study investigated the cellular hydrophobicity profile of clinical isolates of P. stuartii. It also analyzed genes related to the fimbrial adhesin in this species comparing with other reports described for other bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family. The investigated isolates to form biofilm and had a practically hydrophilic cell surface profile. However, fimH and mrkD genes were not found in P. stuartii, unlike observed in other species of Enterobacteriaceae. These results show that P. stuartii has specificities regarding its potential for biofilm formation, which makes it difficult to destabilize the infectious process and increases the permanence of this pathogen in hospital units.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae , Biopelículas , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Humanos , Providencia/genéticaRESUMEN
The SEAFLOWER Biosphere Reserve (SBR) is the largest Marine Protected Area in the Caribbean Sea and the second largest in Latin America. Marine protected areas are under pressure from various stressors, one of the most important issues being pollution by marine litter, especially plastic. In this study our aim is to establish the distribution pattern and potential sources of solid waste in the different marine/coastal ecosystems of the islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina (SBR), as well as assess any interconnections between these ecosystems. At the same time, the distribution characteristics of marine litter in the different compartments facilitated a more dynamic understanding of the load of marine litter supplied by the islands, both locally and externally. We observed that certain ecosystems, principally back-beach vegetation and mangroves, act as crucial marine litter accumulation zones. Mangroves are important hotspots for plastic accumulation, with densities above eight items/m2 (minimum 8.38 and maximum 10.38 items/m2), while back-beach vegetation (minimum 1.43 and maximum 7.03 items/m2) also removes and stores a portion of the marine litter that arrives on the beaches. Tourist beaches for recreational activities have a low density of marine litter (minimum 0.01 and maximum 0.72 items/m2) due to regular clean-ups, whereas around non-tourist beaches, there is a greater variety of sources and accumulation (minimum 0.31 and maximum 5.41 items/m2). The low density of marine litter found on corals around the island (0-0.02 items/m2) indicates that there is still no significant marine litter stream to the coral reefs. Identifying contamination levels in terms of marine litter and possible flows between ecosystems is critical for adopting management and reduction strategies for such residues.
Asunto(s)
Playas , Residuos , Colombia , Ecosistema , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Plásticos , Providencia , Residuos Sólidos , Residuos/análisisRESUMEN
Microbiological studies of the sanitary and health status of psittacine birds that will be reintroduced is important in evaluating whether these animals act as carriers of pathogenic agents to other animals and humans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify bacteria than conventional microbiology methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of psittacines housed in captivity, by assessment of Gram-negative bacteria from fecal microbiota through MALDI- TOF MS identification. The results indicate high frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in feces (96.5%), especially from the Enterobacteriaceae family (88.7%). The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Proteus vulgaris (12.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (8.7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia hermannii were isolated with lower frequency. . All these agents are potentially pathogenic for parrots and can cause systemic infections in other animals and humans. These findings reinforce that MALDI- TOF MS proved to be a rapid and accurate method of identification of the microorganism and evaluation of the health status of psittacines, providing relevant data to assist decision-making regarding the sanitary protocols in wildlife centers, and possible future reintroduction of wild birds.
Estudos microbiológicos da sanidade de psitacídeos que serão reintroduzidos são importantes para avaliar se esses animais atuam como portadores de agentes patogênicos para outros animais e humanos. A espectrometria de massa por ionização/dessorção de matriz assistida por laser/tempo de vôo (MALDI-TOF MS) é um método mais rápido e preciso para identificar bactérias na comparação com métodos convencionais de microbiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado de saúde de psitacídeos cativos, identificando bactérias Gram-negativas da microbiota fecal por MALDI -TOF MS. Os resultados indicaram alta frequência de bactérias Gram-negativas nas fezes (96,5%), principalmente da família Enterobacteriaceae (88,7%). As mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli (39,0%), Proteus vulgaris (12,2%), Klebsiella spp. (12,1%) e Raoultella ornithinolytica (8,7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. e Escherichia hermannii foram isolados com menor frequência. Todos esses agentes são potencialmente patogênicos para os papagaios e podem causar infecções sistêmicas em outros animais e seres humanos. Esses achados reforçam que o MALDI- TOF MS é um método rápido e preciso de identificação do microrganismo e avaliação do estado de saúde dos psitacídeos, fornecendo dados relevantes para auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre os protocolos sanitários em centros de triagem de animais selvagens e sobre a possibilidade de reintrodução futura.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Psittaciformes , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Proteus , Providencia , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , EnterobacteriaceaeRESUMEN
Marine litter in mangroves comes mainly from poor waste management practices and its abundance is increased by natural catastrophes occurrence that affects coastal settlements, as occurred in November-2020, when two hurricanes (ETA and IOTA) destroyed homes and deposited litters in mangroves of the Providencia and Santa Catalina islands, in the Colombian Caribbean. This study aims to assess the litter pollution in mangrove forests of these islands after Hurricane IOTA. Litter pollution was high in mangroves near urban areas and low in mangroves with little urban influence. In three mangrove sectors with high pollution, litter densities of 0.4-1.4 items m-2 and masses of 0.1-1.2 kg m-2 were determined; the majority were megalitter (sizes >1 m). Plastics were the most abundant (>60%). Local community is aware of the litter pollution problem and their participation in scientific research and mangroves recovery is key to understanding the impacts of natural and anthropogenic events and for ecosystem conservation.
Asunto(s)
Tormentas Ciclónicas , Ecosistema , Región del Caribe , Colombia , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Islas , Plásticos , Providencia , Residuos/análisis , HumedalesRESUMEN
Microbiological studies of the sanitary and health status of psittacine birds that will be reintroduced is important in evaluating whether these animals act as carriers of pathogenic agents to other animals and humans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify bacteria than conventional microbiology methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of psittacines housed in captivity, by assessment of Gram-negative bacteria from fecal microbiota through MALDI- TOF MS identification. The results indicate high frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in feces (96.5%), especially from the Enterobacteriaceae family (88.7%). The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Proteus vulgaris (12.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (8.7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia hermannii were isolated with lower frequency. . All these agents are potentially pathogenic for parrots and can cause systemic infections in other animals and humans. These findings reinforce that MALDI- TOF MS proved to be a rapid and accurate method of identification of the microorganism and evaluation of the health status of psittacines, providing relevant data to assist decision-making regarding the sanitary protocols in wildlife centers, and possible future reintroduction of wild birds.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias Gramnegativas , Psittaciformes , Animales , Enterobacteriaceae , Humanos , Proteus , Providencia , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización DesorciónRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The aac(6')-Ib-cr and bla KPC genes are spreading among Enterobacteriaceae species, including Providencia stuartii, in some countries of world. METHODS: These genes were investigated in 28 P. stuartii isolates from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected in 16 resistant isolates, and the bla KPC gene was seen in 14. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of these genes in P. stuartii multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates indicates that the resistance arsenal of this species is increasing, thus limiting the therapeutic options.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae , Plásmidos , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Brasil , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Providencia , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aac(6')-Ib-cr and bla KPC genes are spreading among Enterobacteriaceae species, including Providencia stuartii, in some countries of world. METHODS: These genes were investigated in 28 P. stuartii isolates from a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, by PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected in 16 resistant isolates, and the bla KPC gene was seen in 14. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of these genes in P. stuartii multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolates indicates that the resistance arsenal of this species is increasing, thus limiting the therapeutic options.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Plásmidos , Providencia , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Providencia rettgeri is a nosocomial pathogen associated with urinary tract infections and related to Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI). In recent years isolates producing New Delhi Metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM) and other ß-lactamases have been reported that reduce the efficiency of clinical antimicrobial treatments. In this study, we analyzed antibiotic resistance, the presence of resistance genes and the clonal relationship of two P. rettgeri isolates obtained from male patients admitted to the same hospital in Bogotá - Colombia, 2015. RESULTS: Antibiotic susceptibility profile evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer method revealed that both isolates were resistant to third-generation carbapenems and cephalosporins. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq) followed by SPAdes assembling, Prokka annotation in combination with an in-house Python program and resistance gene detection by ResFinder identified the same six ß-lactamase genes in both isolates: blaNDM-1, blaVIM-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-10, blaCMY-2 and blaTEM-1. Additionally, various resistance genes associated with antibiotic target alteration (arnA, PmrE, PmrF, LpxA, LpxC, gyrB, folP, murA, rpoB, rpsL, tet34) were found and four efflux pumps (RosAB, EmrD, mdtH and cmlA). The additional resistance to gentamicin in one of the two isolates could be explained by a detected SNP in CpxA (Cys191Arg) which is involved in the stress response of the bacterial envelope. Genome BLAST comparison using CGView, the ANI value (99.99%) and the pangenome (using Roary) phylogenetic tree (same clade, small distance) showed high similarity between the isolates. The rMLST analysis indicated that both isolates were typed as rST-61,696, same as the RB151 isolate previously isolated in Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2013, and the FDAARGOS_330 isolate isolated in the USA, 2015. CONCLUSIONS: We report the coexistence of the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1, and blaVIM-2, together with the ß-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-10, blaCMY-2 and blaTEM-1, in P. rettgeri isolates from two patients in Colombia. Whole-genome sequence analysis indicated a circulation of P. rettgeri rST-61,696 strains in America that needs to be investigated further.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Providencia/genética , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Colombia , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Providencia/efectos de los fármacos , Providencia/aislamiento & purificación , Resistencia betalactámica/genéticaRESUMEN
Bacterial diseases are one of the major problems in freshwater fish culture and have been linked to significant losses and high mortality rate. In this study, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was infected by Providencia rettgeri to evaluate the oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in the fish tissues. Juvenile Nile tilapia was divided into two groups, as follow: control (uninfected) and experimentally infected with 100⯵L of P. rettgeri suspension containing 2.4â¯×â¯107 viable cells/fish, and the liver and kidney tissues were collected on days 7 and 14 post-infection (PI). Liver and kidney ROS and lipid peroxidation levels were high in infected fish on day 14 PI compared to control group, while superoxide dismutase activity was lower in liver (days 7 and 14 PI) and kidney (day 14 PI) compared to their respective control groups. Liver and kidney antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, non-proteic, and proteic thiols levels was lower in infected tilapia on day 14 PI compared to control group. Based on these results, P. rettgeri infection may elicit oxidative damage via increased ROS production, decreased ROS elimination and inhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems; which may contribute directly to disease pathophysiology of infected animals.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cíclidos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Peces/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Providencia/patogenicidad , Animales , Brasil , Cíclidos/inmunología , Cíclidos/microbiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/inmunología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/fisiología , Riñón/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Hígado/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Tilapia/microbiologíaRESUMEN
QnrD is a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinant first reported in clinical Salmonella enterica isolates from China, located on nonconjugative plasmids of 4270â¯bp. Since then, the qnrD gene has been mostly found on plasmids around 2683â¯bp in Proteus and Morganella genera. However, Providencia spp. strains carrying qnrD-harboring plasmids have only been reported among clinical samples, in France and China. In this paper we describe two plasmids carrying qnrD in Providencia spp. isolated from Brazilian food and coastal waters. These plasmids present high coverage and identity with those recovered in France. Our results emphasize the relevance of the Proteeae tribe as reservoirs of qnrD and include P. rettgeri as a possible environmental carrier of this gene.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Plásmidos/metabolismo , Providencia/fisiología , Antibacterianos , Brasil , Microbiología de Alimentos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, between 2012 and 2013, 19 isolates with NDM were identified, of which 14 corresponded to Providencia rettgeri. METHODS: The isolates were identified by Vitek-2, and antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by broth microdilution. The carbapenemase phenotypes were determined with Modified Hodge Test and synergy tests with EDTA/SMA and APB, the genotypes by PCR using specific primers for KPC, GES, IMP, VIM, OXA-48 and NDM, and genetic relationships were established with DiversiLab. RESULTS: The isolates were resistant to carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, gentamicin and tigecycline, except aztreonam. All isolates were positive for EDTA/SMA and NDM-1, and negative for APB and other carbapenemases. Two genetic groups, group 1 (n=9 isolates), group 2 (n=4 isolates) and an isolate defined as not genetically related. CONCLUSION: This work describes the circulating of NDM-1-producing P. rettgeri in Colombia.
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Proteínas Bacterianas/análisis , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Providencia/aislamiento & purificación , Resistencia betalactámica , beta-Lactamasas/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Colombia/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Femenino , Genes Bacterianos , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Providencia/efectos de los fármacos , Providencia/enzimología , Providencia/genética , Adulto Joven , Resistencia betalactámica/genética , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaAsunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Providencia/aislamiento & purificación , Selección Genética , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Genes Bacterianos , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Providencia/enzimología , Sepsis/microbiología , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Enterobacteriaceae can be present in the environment and in the intestine of warmblooded animals. This study aimed to isolate and identify enterobacteria in informally marketed milk in cities of South of the Piaui. 52 milk samples were acquired at different points of Bom Jesus, Redenção do Gurguéia, Santa Luz and Cristino Castro, Piaui, which were taken into Styrofoam containing ice to food microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí, in Bom Jesus, where held the bacterial isolation in MacConkey, EMB and XLD. The conclusive biochemical identification and agglutination test was held at the Enterobacteria Laboratory of FIOCRUZ, (Rio de Janeiro-RJ). From the 37 strains, identified the species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobater freundii, Providencia rettigeri and Serratia marcescens. The informally marketed milk is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae that can be pathogenic and should be taken preventive measures, such as pasteurization of milk.
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Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Enterobacteriaceae/química , Leche/microbiología , Enterobacter , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Providencia , Serratia marcescensRESUMEN
Enterobacteriaceae can be present in the environment and in the intestine of warmblooded animals. This study aimed to isolate and identify enterobacteria in informally marketed milk in cities of South of the Piaui. 52 milk samples were acquired at different points of Bom Jesus, Redenção do Gurguéia, Santa Luz and Cristino Castro, Piaui, which were taken into Styrofoam containing ice to food microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí, in Bom Jesus, where held the bacterial isolation in MacConkey, EMB and XLD. The conclusive biochemical identification and agglutination test was held at the Enterobacteria Laboratory of FIOCRUZ, (Rio de Janeiro-RJ). From the 37 strains, identified the species Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobater freundii, Providencia rettigeri and Serratia marcescens. The informally marketed milk is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae that can be pathogenic and should be taken preventive measures, such as pasteurization of milk.(AU)