RESUMEN
Introducción: El síndrome de cascanueces se considera una anomalía infrecuente y poco pensada en la práctica médica; su incidencia no está bien establecida debido a su sintomatología variada. La agenesia renal unilateral se estima entre 1/2500 y 1/4000 nacidos vivos. Objetivos: Describir una paciente de 18 años con sospecha prenatal de agenesia renal derecha confirmada por imágenes después del nacimiento, que ingresó por proteinuria. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 18 años con agenesia renal derecha conocida, en la que un examen de orina detectó proteinuria desde los 13 años. En su estudio se clasificó como proteinuria ortostática y evolutivamente refirió dolor lumbar izquierdo ligero y transitorio. En el ultrasonido renal, realizado para valorar crecimiento del riñón único, se detectó dilatación de la vena renal izquierda. Se repitió el estudio ecográfico para precisar ángulo aorto-mesentérico y dilatación de vena renal izquierda, y se confirmó el síndrome de cascanueces. Conclusiones: La asociación entre agenesia renal derecha y síndrome de cascanueces, resulta extremadamente rara, y, cuando se presenta con proteinuria ortostática y dolor lumbar ocasional, debe seguirse en forma expectante, pero no se necesita tratamiento quirúrgico en la mayoría de los casos(AU)
Introduction: Nutcracker syndrome is considered an infrequent and poorly thought out anomaly in medical practice; its incidence is not well established due to its varied symptomatology. Unilateral renal agenesis is estimated to be between 1/2500 and 1/4000 live births. Objectives: To describe an 18-year-old female patient with suspected pre-natal imaging-confirmed right renal agenesis after birth, who was admitted due to proteinuria. Case presentation: An 18-year-old female patient with known right renal agenesis, in whom a urine test detected proteinuria from the age of 13. In the study it was classified as orthostatic proteinuria and evolutionarily she referred mild and transient left low back pain. Renal ultrasound, performed to assess single kidney growth, showed dilation of the left renal vein. The ultrasound study was repeated to specify aorto-mesenteric angle and left renal vein dilation, and nutcracker syndrome was confirmed. Conclusions: The association between right renal agenesis and nutcracker syndrome is extremely rare, and, when it presents with orthostatic proteinuria and occasional low back pain, it should be followed expectantly, but surgical treatment is not needed in most cases(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Proteinuria/orina , Síndrome de Cascanueces Renal/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón Único/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas Renales , DilataciónRESUMEN
In this work, previously synthesized and characterized core-shell silica nanoparticles (FCSNP) functionalized with immobilized molecular bait, Cibacron blue, and a porous polymeric bis-acrylamide shell were incubated with pooled urine samples from adult women or men with normal weight, overweight or obesity for the isolation of potential biomarkers. A total of 30 individuals (15 woman and 15 men) were included. FCSNP allowed the capture of a variety of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins as evidenced by mass spectrometry (MS) and the exclusion of high molecular weight (HMW) proteins (>34 kDa) as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and 2D SDS-PAGE. A total of 36 proteins were successfully identified by MS and homology database searching against the Homo sapiens subset of the Swiss-Prot database. Identified proteins were grouped into different clusters according to their abundance patterns. Four proteins were found only in women and five only in men, whereas 27 proteins were in urine from both genders with different abundance patterns. Based on these results, this new approach represents an alternative tool for isolation and identification of urinary biomarkers.
Asunto(s)
Obesidad/orina , Proteinuria/orina , Proteómica , Adulto , Biomarcadores/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproteinuric effect of DPP4 inhibition in 5/6 renal ablation rats and tested the hypothesis that the urinary activity of DPP4 correlates with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats who underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) or sham operation followed by 8 wk of treatment with the DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) sitagliptin or vehicle. Proteinuria increased progressively in Nx rats throughout the observation period. This increase was remarkably mitigated by sitagliptin. Higher levels of proteinuria in Nx rats compared to control rats were accompanied by higher urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein 4, a marker of tubular proteinuria, as well as higher urinary levels of podocin, a marker of glomerular proteinuria. Retinol-binding protein 4 and podocin were not detected in the urine of Nx + DPP4i rats. Tubular and glomerular proteinuria was associated with the reduced expression of megalin and podocin in the renal cortex of Nx rats. Sitagliptin treatment partially prevented this decrease. Besides, the angiotensin II renal content was significantly reduced in the Nx rats that received sitagliptin compared to vehicle-treated Nx rats. Interestingly, both urinary DPP4 activity and abundance increased progressively in Nx rats. Additionally, urinary DPP4 activity correlated positively with serum creatinine levels, proteinuria, and blood pressure. Collectively, these results suggest that DPP4 inhibition ameliorated both tubular and glomerular proteinuria and prevented the reduction of megalin and podocin expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, these findings suggest that urinary DPP4 activity may serve as a biomarker of renal disease and progression.
Asunto(s)
Dipeptidil Peptidasa 4/orina , Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil-Peptidasa IV/farmacología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína 2 Relacionada con Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteinuria/prevención & control , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/prevención & control , Fosfato de Sitagliptina/farmacología , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Animales , Biomarcadores/orina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fibrosis , Riñón/enzimología , Riñón/patología , Masculino , Proteinuria/enzimología , Proteinuria/patología , Proteinuria/orina , Ratas Wistar , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/enzimología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/orina , Proteínas Plasmáticas de Unión al Retinol/orina , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Objetivo: determinar la presencia de proteinuria en habitantes de una aldea de la región costera de Santa Rosa, Guatemala, julio del año 2019. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra de 575 habitantes de la aldea Casas Viejas, captada por durante cuatro jornadas médicas. Las muestras de orina fueron analizadas con tiras reactivas. Resultados: de los habitantes que participaron, 55.48 % (319) fueron de sexo femenino, la mediana de edad fue de 24 años, el 39.820% (229) estudiante y el 85.2 % (490) sin antecedentes patológicos. De los factores predisponentes de enfermedad renal, el 56.170% (323) consume antiinflamatorios no esteroideo -AINES-, el 82.26 % (473) bebidas carbonatadas, el 13.570% (78) bebidas alcohólicas; la mediana de consumo de agua fue de 6 vasos diarios y 13.22 % (76) han estado expuestos a agroquímicos. Proteinuria se documentó en 8.87 % (51) de los habitantes. Conclusiones: más de la mitad de los sujeto de estudio son de sexo femenino y sin antecedentes patológicos; de los factores predisponentes a enfermedad renal los más frecuentes son el consumo de -AINES-, bebidas carbonatadas y la hidratación inadecuada. Nueve de cada cien sujetos de estudio presentan proteinuria.
Objetive: to establish urine protein presence in inhabitants of a small village of the coastal region in Santa Rosa, Guatemala. July 2019. Material y methods: Descriptive and transversal study performed on 575 persons from Casas Viejas village, using a nonprobabilistic sampling. Proteinuria was determined by urine test strips. Results: Of the persons studied, 55.48% (319) were female, mean age was 24 years old, 39.82% (229) were students and 85.25% had no pathological background. Predisposing factors of kidney disease were noted, 56.17% (323) consumed Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), 82.26% (473) consumed carbonated drinks, 13.57% (78) alcoholic beverages, the mean water consumption was 6 glasses per day, and 13.22% (76), were exposed to agrochemical pesticides. Proteinuria was found in 8.87% (51) of the sample. Conclutions: more than half of population were female and didn´t showed pathological signs. Predisposing factors to kidney disease were, frequent NSAIDs use, carbonated drinks consumption a no adequate hydration. Nine of each one hundred people studied presented urine protein.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Proteinuria/epidemiología , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Proteinuria/diagnóstico , Proteinuria/orina , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Bebidas Gaseosas/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Ingestión de Líquidos , Guatemala/epidemiología , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/orina , Enfermedades Renales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes, including faster decline of kidney function. However, there is no consensus whether low free thyroxin (LFT) affects the rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and how the presence of proteinuria influences the progression of renal dysfunction in hypothyroidism. METHODS: We assessed thyroid status, proteinuria, and progression of eGFR by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and CKD-EPI equation in a cohort of CKD patients followed in general nephrology clinics. We estimated the association of LFT levels, and the degree of proteinuria on progression of eGFR. We adjusted for other covariables: age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, HbA1c, uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels.. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred ten patients (64 ± 15 years, 46.8% men, 25.3% diabetic) were included. At beggnining of follow up eGFR was between 45 and 60, 30-45 and 15-30 ml/min/1.73m2 in 479 (29.8%), 551(34.2%), and 580(36.0%) patients, respectively. LFT levels were available at initial evaluation in 288(17.9%) patients and 735(48.5%) had assessment of proteinuria (19.6% with LFT vs. 15.4% without LFT, p = 0.032). Median follow-up time was of 21 months, and 1223(76%) had at least 1 year of follow up. Overall, eGFR decline per month was - 0.05(- 0.26, 0.23) ml/min/1.73m2, reaching 1.7(1.3, 2.4) ml/min/1.73m2 by the end of study period. Similar results were obtained using CKD-EPI. Multivariable mixed linear analysis showed that proteinuria and age were independently associated with eGFR decline, with no effect of LFT, and no interaction between proteinuria and LFT. In patients without proteinuria, there was an improvement of eGFR despite the presence of LFT. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed a faster rate of eGFR declined in patients with proteinuria. However, despite the pathophysiological rational that hypothyroidism can lead to increased rate of CKD progression, we failed to demonstrate an association between LFT and rate of CKD progression. We conclude that the benefit of hypothyroidism treatment in CKD patients needs to be evaluate in prospective studies.
Asunto(s)
Hipotiroidismo/sangre , Proteinuria/orina , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Tiroxina/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Hipotiroidismo/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteinuria/etiología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) is usually based on renal biopsy, which is an invasive technique that involves multiple risks. Therefore, different biomarkers have emerged as alternatives for the diagnosis of LN. Nonetheless, studies regarding urinary biomarkers in Latin American patients are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of urinary transferrin and ceruloplasmin to differentiate patients who have renal involvement from those who do not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients that met the revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria were recruited. Patients with another autoimmune disease, active infection (urinary tract or systemic infection), renal replacement therapy, human immunodeficiency virus infection or pregnancy were excluded. A urine sample was collected from each patient. LN was diagnosed according to ACR criteria. The activity and chronicity of LN were measured using the Austin indices. Urinary transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test were used to compare data. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine associations. Lastly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created. RESULTS: The study involved 120 SLE patients. In all, 85% were female, 76% mestizo, the mean age was 32.8±12.1years and mean systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) was 8.4±8.9; 64% had renal involvement. Urinary levels of the two biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with LN compared to those without LN. Similarly, urinary levels of both biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with active LN compared to those with inactive LN. Furthermore, urinary transferrin levels were significantly higher in Afro-Latin American patients. On the other hand, urinary transferrin levels correlated with SLEDAI and proteinuria, and transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels correlated with each other. The diagnostic value of ROC curves for these urinary biomarkers for LN were good. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of SLE patients, we found that transferrin and ceruloplasmin were potential biomarkers for LN, and can even differentiate active LN.
Asunto(s)
Ceruloplasmina/orina , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/orina , Nefritis Lúpica/diagnóstico , Transferrina/orina , Adulto , Biomarcadores/orina , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina/etnología , Nefritis Lúpica/etnología , Nefritis Lúpica/orina , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteinuria/orina , Curva ROC , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Podocytes are specialized cells with a limited capacity for cell division that do not regenerate in response to injury and loss. Insults that compromise the integrity of podocytes promote proteinuria and progressive renal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential renoprotective and regenerative effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (mSC) in a severe form of the podocyte injury model induced by intraperitoneal administration of puromycin, aggravated by unilateral nephrectomy. Bone derived mSC were isolated and characterized according to flow cytometry analyses and to their capacity to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control, PAN, and PAN+ mSC, consisting of PAN rats treated with 2 × 105 mSC. PAN rats developed heavy proteinuria, hypertension, glomerulosclerosis and significant effacement of the foot process. After 60 days, PAN rats treated with mSC presented a significant amelioration of all these abnormalities. In addition, mSC treatment recovered WT1 expression, improved nephrin, podocin, synaptopodin, podocalyxin, and VEGF expression, and downregulated proinflammatory Th1 cytokines in the kidney with a shift towards regulatory Th2 cytokines. In conclusion, mSC administration induced protection of podocytes in this experimental PAN model, providing new perspectives for the treatment of renal diseases associated with podocyte damage.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Renales/terapia , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Podocitos/citología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , División Celular , Regulación hacia Abajo , Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/metabolismo , Glomeruloesclerosis Focal y Segmentaria/orina , Hipertensión , Inflamación , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Nefrectomía , Podocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteinuria/orina , Puromicina Aminonucleósido , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Regeneración , Sialoglicoproteínas/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Up to 5% of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) cases are unresponsive to colchicine, through resistance, side effects and toxicity. Anakinra is an alternative treatment for FMF patients whose disease remains uncontrolled with colchicine. We aimed to evaluate anti-interleukin-1 treatment regarding clinical findings, laboratory parameters and quality of life (QoL) among FMF patients presenting resistance and toxicity towards colchicine. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive observational study at the rheumatology clinic, Adnan Menderes University Medical School, Aydin, Turkey. METHODS: Among the patients included, age, sex, MEFV genotypes, acute-phase reactants, hepatic/renal function tests, average colchicine dose, disease duration, attack frequency, attack duration, disease severity, proteinuria, amyloidosis and QoL were evaluated. Colchicine resistance was defined as > 6 typical episodes/year or > 3 per 4-6 months. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman and two-way analysis of variance tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2017, 14 FMF patients receiving anakinra were enrolled. The mean colchicine dose was 1.7 ± 0.3 mg/day before use of anakinra. Ten patients were attack-free after treatment, while three showed reductions of at least 50% in attack frequency, attack duration and disease severity. Proteinuria levels in all patients with renal amyloidosis decreased after treatment. QoL among patients with renal amyloidosis differed significantly from QoL among non-amyloidosis patients. Mean visual analogue scale scores significantly improved in both groups after use of anakinra. CONCLUSIONS: Use of anakinra reduced attack frequency and proteinuria and acute-phase reactant levels, and improved QoL, with only a few uncomplicated side effects among colchicine-resistant or intolerant FMF patients. Injection-site reactions of severity insufficient to require discontinuation of treatment were seen.
Asunto(s)
Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Amiloidosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Amiloidosis/fisiopatología , Análisis de Varianza , Sedimentación Sanguínea , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Renales/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteinuria/orina , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Turquía , Escala Visual AnalógicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular risk, the guidelines recommend the blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in patients with proteinuria. AIM: To assess the frequency of enalapril or losartan use in diabetics or hypertensive patients with stage 3 CKD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of clinical records of patients with CKD in an urban primary care clinic. RESULTS: We identified 408 subjects aged 40 to 98 years (66% women) with stage 3 CKD. Sixty six percent had only hypertension and 34% were diabetic with or without hypertension. Seventy four percent received RAAS blockers (52% used enalapril, 45% losartan and 2% both medications). RAAS blockers were used in 70% of hypertensive and 78% of diabetic patients. The prescription in hypertensive diabetics with microalbuminuria was lower than in those without microalbuminuria (72% vs 87%, p < 0.05), but the opposite occurred in pure hypertensive patients with and without microalbuminuria (88% vs 69%, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure levels, microalbuminuria or serum potassium levels between RAAS blocker users and non-users. No differences were observed either between enalapril and losartan users. CONCLUSIONS: The adherence to clinical guidelines is insufficient and users of the recommended drugs did not achieve the expected goals.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Losartán/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Albuminuria/orina , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/normas , Creatinina/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Quimioterapia Combinada , Enalapril/administración & dosificación , Enalapril/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Losartán/administración & dosificación , Losartán/normas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteinuria/orina , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento/psicologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Up to 5% of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) cases are unresponsive to colchicine, through resistance, side effects and toxicity. Anakinra is an alternative treatment for FMF patients whose disease remains uncontrolled with colchicine. We aimed to evaluate anti-interleukin-1 treatment regarding clinical findings, laboratory parameters and quality of life (QoL) among FMF patients presenting resistance and toxicity towards colchicine. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive observational study at the rheumatology clinic, Adnan Menderes University Medical School, Aydın, Turkey. METHODS: Among the patients included, age, sex, MEFV genotypes, acute-phase reactants, hepatic/renal function tests, average colchicine dose, disease duration, attack frequency, attack duration, disease severity, proteinuria, amyloidosis and QoL were evaluated. Colchicine resistance was defined as > 6 typical episodes/year or > 3 per 4-6 months. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman and two-way analysis of variance tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2017, 14 FMF patients receiving anakinra were enrolled. The mean colchicine dose was 1.7 ± 0.3 mg/day before use of anakinra. Ten patients were attack-free after treatment, while three showed reductions of at least 50% in attack frequency, attack duration and disease severity. Proteinuria levels in all patients with renal amyloidosis decreased after treatment. QoL among patients with renal amyloidosis differed significantly from QoL among non-amyloidosis patients. Mean visual analogue scale scores significantly improved in both groups after use of anakinra. CONCLUSIONS: Use of anakinra reduced attack frequency and proteinuria and acute-phase reactant levels, and improved QoL, with only a few uncomplicated side effects among colchicine-resistant or intolerant FMF patients. Injection-site reactions of severity insufficient to require discontinuation of treatment were seen.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/tratamiento farmacológico , Calidad de Vida , Resistencia a Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Colchicina/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/uso terapéutico , Fiebre Mediterránea Familiar/fisiopatología , Proteinuria/orina , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , Turquía , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Sedimentación Sanguínea , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Varianza , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Escala Visual Analógica , Amiloidosis/fisiopatología , Amiloidosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Renales/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Background: To reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular risk, the guidelines recommend the blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in patients with proteinuria. Aim: To assess the frequency of enalapril or losartan use in diabetics or hypertensive patients with stage 3 CKD. Material and Methods: Review of clinical records of patients with CKD in an urban primary care clinic. Results: We identified 408 subjects aged 40 to 98 years (66% women) with stage 3 CKD. Sixty six percent had only hypertension and 34% were diabetic with or without hypertension. Seventy four percent received RAAS blockers (52% used enalapril, 45% losartan and 2% both medications). RAAS blockers were used in 70% of hypertensive and 78% of diabetic patients. The prescription in hypertensive diabetics with microalbuminuria was lower than in those without microalbuminuria (72% vs 87%, p < 0.05), but the opposite occurred in pure hypertensive patients with and without microalbuminuria (88% vs 69%, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure levels, microalbuminuria or serum potassium levels between RAAS blocker users and non-users. No differences were observed either between enalapril and losartan users. Conclusions: The adherence to clinical guidelines is insufficient and users of the recommended drugs did not achieve the expected goals.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Losartán/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteinuria/orina , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/normas , Enalapril/administración & dosificación , Enalapril/normas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Losartán/administración & dosificación , Losartán/normas , Creatinina/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Albuminuria/orina , Quimioterapia Combinada , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento/psicología , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the long-term safety and tolerability of valsartan in hypertensive children aged 6-17 years, with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: This was an 18-month, open-label, multicentre, prospective study conducted in 150 patients with history of hypertension with or without CKD. The primary endpoint was long-term safety and tolerability of valsartan and valsartan-based treatments, assessed in terms of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, laboratory measurements, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinalysis and electrocardiogram. RESULTS: Of 150 enrolled patients, 117 (78%) completed the study. At week 78, a clinically and statistically significant reduction in mean sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures was observed in all patients (- 14.9 mmHg and - 10.6 mmHg, respectively). Within the first 3 months of treatment, mean urine albumin creatinine ratio decreased in CKD population, which was sustained. A higher percentage of CKD patients had at least one AE compared to non-CKD patients (85.3% vs. 73.3%, respectively). The majority of AEs were mild (50.7%) or moderate (18.7%) in severity. As expected, in patients with underlying CKD, increases in serum potassium, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were more commonly reported compared to non-CKD patients. A > 25% decrease in Schwartz eGFR was observed in 28.4% of CKD patients and 13.5% of non-CKD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Valsartan was generally well tolerated, with an AE profile consistent with angiotensin receptor blockers in the overall population and in patients with underlying CKD. Long-term efficacy was maintained and a beneficial effect on proteinuria was observed.
Asunto(s)
Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/efectos adversos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteinuria/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Valsartán/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/administración & dosificación , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Tos/inducido químicamente , Tos/diagnóstico , Tos/epidemiología , Creatinina/sangre , Creatinina/orina , Quimioterapia Combinada/efectos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Femenino , Fiebre/inducido químicamente , Fiebre/diagnóstico , Fiebre/epidemiología , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Cefalea/inducido químicamente , Cefalea/diagnóstico , Cefalea/epidemiología , Humanos , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/etiología , Hipertensión/orina , Masculino , Nasofaringitis/inducido químicamente , Nasofaringitis/diagnóstico , Nasofaringitis/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Proteinuria/sangre , Proteinuria/etiología , Proteinuria/orina , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/orina , Albúmina Sérica Humana/orina , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Valsartán/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) pregnancies are at high risk of developing adverse outcomes. In non-pregnant subjects with CKD, higher urinary IgM levels are associated with poor renal survival and higher rates of cardiovascular deaths. In this study, we assessed whether urinary IgM levels are associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in CKD pregnancies. METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study within a cohort of CKD patients with singleton pregnancies attended at a tertiary care hospital. The study included 90 CKD patients who eventually developed one or more APO and 77 CKD patients who did not. Urinary IgM excretion was determined from the 24-h urine samples at enrollment by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The risk for combined APO and for preeclampsia (PE) was higher among women with urinary IgM and proteinuria levels values in the highest quartile or with CKD stages 4-5 (odds ratios, OR ≥ 2.9), compared with the lowest quartile or with CKD stage 1. Urinary IgM levels were more closely associated with the risk of either combined or specific APO (PE, preterm birth, and for having a small-for-gestational-age infant; OR ≥ 5.9) than either the degree of total proteinuria or CKD stages. Among patients with CKD stage 1, the risk of combined APO, PE, and preterm birth was higher in women with urinary IgM levels values in the highest quartile (OR ≥ 4.8), compared with the three lower quartiles, independently of proteinuria. CONCLUSION: In CKD pregnancies, at the time of initial evaluation, proteinuria and CKD stage are associated with increased risk of combined APO. However, urinary IgM concentrations appear to be better predictors of an adverse outcome and may be useful for risk stratification in CKD pregnancies.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulina M/orina , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Proteinuria/diagnóstico , Eliminación Renal , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biomarcadores/orina , Peso al Nacer , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Preeclampsia/etiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/etiología , Proteinuria/etiología , Proteinuria/orina , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/orina , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Urinálisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introduction: Renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Most studies investigated only the classical RAS axis. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate urinary levels of RAS molecules related to classical and to counter-regulatory axes in pediatric patients with INS, to compare the measurements with levels in healthy controls and to search for associations with inflammatory molecules, proteinuria and disease treatment. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study included 31 patients with INS and 19 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. Patients and controls were submitted to urine collection for measurement of RAS molecules [Ang II, Ang-(1-7), ACE and ACE2] by enzyme immunoassay and cytokines by Cytometric Bead Array. Findings in INS patients were compared according to proteinuria: absent (<150 mg/dl, n = 15) and present (≥150 mg/dl, n = 16). Results: In comparison to controls, INS patients had increased Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE, levels while ACE2 was reduced. INS patients with proteinuria had lower levels of ACE2 than those without proteinuria. ACE2 levels were negatively correlated with 24-h-proteinuria. Urinary concentrations of MCP-1/CCL2 were significantly higher in INS patients, positively correlated with Ang II and negatively with Ang-(1-7). ACE2 concentrations were negatively correlated with IP-10/CXCL-10 levels, which, in turn, were positively correlated with 24-h-proteinuria. Conclusion: INS patients exhibited changes in RAS molecules and in chemokines. Proteinuria was associated with low levels of ACE2 and high levels of inflammatory molecules.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Nefrótico/genética , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/genética , Proteinuria/genética , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/genética , Adolescente , Angiotensina I/genética , Angiotensina I/orina , Angiotensina II/genética , Angiotensina II/orina , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/orina , Quimiocina CXCL10/genética , Quimiocina CXCL10/orina , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Nefrótico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Nefrótico/patología , Síndrome Nefrótico/orina , Fragmentos de Péptidos/genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos/orina , Peptidil-Dipeptidasa A/orina , Proteinuria/diagnóstico , Proteinuria/patología , Proteinuria/orinaRESUMEN
Primary Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease. Renal involvement may occur in up to 30% of patients. The incidence of tubulopathies ranges from 2.6 to 33%. They are manifested by defects in the urine concentration and hydroelectrolyte alterations, mainly distal tubular acidosis and exceptionally proximal tubular acidosis. These disorders can be associated with nephrocalcinosis and renal lithiasis. We report the case of a patient with primary Sjögren who presented proximal renal tubular acidosis associated with recurrent renal colic due to renal lithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. We highlight the importance of diagnosing renal tubular acidosis in patients with Sjögren's syndrome that present alterations in urinary sediment and electrolyte disorders to avoid nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Acidosis correction treatment aims to prevent the progression of the disorder and preserve renal function.
El síndrome de Sjögren primario es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica de evolución crónica. Puede presentar compromiso renal hasta en un 30% de los pacientes.La incidencia de tubulopatías varía de 2.6 a 33%. Se manifiestan por defectos en la concentración de la orina y alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas, principalmente acidosis tubular distal y de manera excepcional acidosis tubular proximal. Estos trastornos pueden asociarse a Nefrocalcinosis y litiasis renal. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con Sjögren primario que presentó acidosis tubular renal proximal asociada a cólicos renales recurrentes por litiasis renal y nefrocalcinosis. Destacamos la importancia de diagnosticar acidosis tubular renal en pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren que presenten alteraciones en el sedimento urinario y desórdenes electrolíticos para evitar la nefrocalcinosis medular y las nefrolitiasis asociadas. La terapia para la corrección de la acidosis tiene como objetivo evitar la progresión del trastorno y preservar la función renal.
Asunto(s)
Acidosis Tubular Renal/diagnóstico , Nefrocalcinosis/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Sjögren/diagnóstico , Acidosis Tubular Renal/complicaciones , Creatinina/sangre , Electrólitos/sangre , Electrólitos/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nefrocalcinosis/complicaciones , Proteinuria/orina , Cólico Renal/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario son un problema frecuente en la población pediátrica. La infección del tracto urinario recurrente tiene mayor riesgo de cicatrices renales y daño glomerular. Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de hematuria, presencia de proteínas en orina, elevación en tensión arterial y hallazgos ecográficos en pacientes pediátricos desde 1 mes hasta 14 años de edad, con diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado entre octubre de 2014 y febrero de 2016, en pacientes que asistieron al servicio de urgencias pediátricas del Hospital de San José, con diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario. Resultados: se diagnosticaron 125 pacientes con infección del tracto urinario, la mediana de edad fue de 2,75 años, más frecuente en mujeres (75,2 por ciento) y la mayoría recibió tratamiento intrahospitalario (58,4 por ciento). Se observó que en el grupo de infección del tracto urinario recurrente fue más frecuente el hallazgo de hematuria, que en la infección del tracto urinario primer episodio (21,9 vs. 11,8 por ciento), al igual que las malformaciones renales (32,0 vs. 14,5 %). En la tensión arterial no se observaron grandes diferencias entre los grupos, con una frecuencia de tensión arterial elevada en hospitalizados de 19,6 por ciento para primer episodio, y 18,2 por ciento en recurrentes. La presencia anormal de proteínas en orina fue de 35,4 por ciento en el grupo de infección del tracto urinario primer episodio. Conclusiones: son frecuentes la presencia de hematuria, malformaciones renales y elevación de la tensión arterial en pacientes con infección del tracto urinario. Se encuentra una frecuencia inusual de pacientes con elevación de la presión arterial y proteínas en orina, probablemente por falsos positivos. Se debe insistir en seguimiento ambulatorio del uroanálisis y la tensión arterial, para garantizar que esta se normalice o para detectar daños permanentes(AU)
Introduction: urinary tract infections are a frequent problem in the pediatric population. Recurrent urinary tract infection has a higher risk of kidney scars and glomerular damage. Objective: to describe frequency of hematuria, presence of proteins in urine, increase of blood pressure, and ultrasound findings in pediatric patients from 1 month to 14 years old with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from October 2014 to February 2016, in patients who attended the pediatric emergency´s service of the Hospital of San José with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Results: 125 patients with urinary tract infection were diagnosed, the median age was 2.75 years, it was more frequent in women (75.2 percent) and the majority of them received intrahospital treatment (58.4 percent). It was observed that in the recurrent urinary tract infection group the finding of hematuria was more frequent, than in the group of urinary tract infection as a first episode (21.9 vs. 11.8 percent), as well as the renal malformations (32,0 vs. 14.5percent). In blood pressure, there were no large differences among the groups, with a rate of high blood pressure frequency in hospitalized patients of 19.6 percent for first episode, and 18.2 percent in recurrent patients. The abnormal presence of proteins in urine was of 35.4 percent in the group of urinary tract infection first episode(AU) Conclusions: the presence of hematuria, renal malformations and increase of blood pressure in patients with urinary tract infection are frequent. There is an unusual frequency of patients with high blood pressure and proteins in the urine, probably due to false positives. It must be addressed the ambulatory monitoring of urinalysis and blood pressure to ensure that it normalizes or to detect permanent damage
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Hematuria/orina , Orina/química , Estudios Transversales , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Proteinuria/orinaRESUMEN
Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario son un problema frecuente en la población pediátrica. La infección del tracto urinario recurrente tiene mayor riesgo de cicatrices renales y daño glomerular. Objetivo: describir la frecuencia de hematuria, presencia de proteínas en orina, elevación en tensión arterial y hallazgos ecográficos en pacientes pediátricos desde 1 mes hasta 14 años de edad, con diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado entre octubre de 2014 y febrero de 2016, en pacientes que asistieron al servicio de urgencias pediátricas del Hospital de San José, con diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario. Resultados: se diagnosticaron 125 pacientes con infección del tracto urinario, la mediana de edad fue de 2,75 años, más frecuente en mujeres (75,2 por ciento) y la mayoría recibió tratamiento intrahospitalario (58,4 por ciento). Se observó que en el grupo de infección del tracto urinario recurrente fue más frecuente el hallazgo de hematuria, que en la infección del tracto urinario primer episodio (21,9 vs. 11,8 por ciento), al igual que las malformaciones renales (32,0 vs. 14,5 %). En la tensión arterial no se observaron grandes diferencias entre los grupos, con una frecuencia de tensión arterial elevada en hospitalizados de 19,6 por ciento para primer episodio, y 18,2 por ciento en recurrentes. La presencia anormal de proteínas en orina fue de 35,4 por ciento en el grupo de infección del tracto urinario primer episodio. Conclusiones: son frecuentes la presencia de hematuria, malformaciones renales y elevación de la tensión arterial en pacientes con infección del tracto urinario. Se encuentra una frecuencia inusual de pacientes con elevación de la presión arterial y proteínas en orina, probablemente por falsos positivos. Se debe insistir en seguimiento ambulatorio del uroanálisis y la tensión arterial, para garantizar que esta se normalice o para detectar daños permanentes(AU)
Introduction: urinary tract infections are a frequent problem in the pediatric population. Recurrent urinary tract infection has a higher risk of kidney scars and glomerular damage. Objective: to describe frequency of hematuria, presence of proteins in urine, increase of blood pressure, and ultrasound findings in pediatric patients from 1 month to 14 years old with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from October 2014 to February 2016, in patients who attended the pediatric emergency´s service of the Hospital of San José with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Results: 125 patients with urinary tract infection were diagnosed, the median age was 2.75 years, it was more frequent in women (75.2 percent) and the majority of them received intrahospital treatment (58.4 percent). It was observed that in the recurrent urinary tract infection group the finding of hematuria was more frequent, than in the group of urinary tract infection as a first episode (21.9 vs. 11.8 percent), as well as the renal malformations (32,0 vs. 14.5percent). In blood pressure, there were no large differences among the groups, with a rate of high blood pressure frequency in hospitalized patients of 19.6 percent for first episode, and 18.2 percent in recurrent patients. The abnormal presence of proteins in urine was of 35.4 percent in the group of urinary tract infection first episode(AU) Conclusions: the presence of hematuria, renal malformations and increase of blood pressure in patients with urinary tract infection are frequent. There is an unusual frequency of patients with high blood pressure and proteins in the urine, probably due to false positives. It must be addressed the ambulatory monitoring of urinalysis and blood pressure to ensure that it normalizes or to detect permanent damage
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Hematuria/orina , Orina/química , Estudios Transversales , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Proteinuria/orinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Monitoring urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC) in dogs with protein-losing nephropathy (PLN) is challenging because of day-to-day variation in UPC results. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Determine whether single, averaged, or pooled samples from PLN dogs receiving medical treatment yield comparable UPCs, regardless of degree of proteinuria. ANIMALS: Twenty-five client-owned PLN dogs receiving medical treatment. METHODS: UPC ratios were prospectively measured in each dog utilizing 3 methods: single in-hospital sample (day 3), average sample (days 1-3), and pooled sample (equal pooling of urine from days 1-3). Bland-Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement between methods for all dogs, as well as in subgroups of dogs (UPC ≤4 or UPC >4). RESULTS: For all dogs, Bland-Altman log-transformed 95% limits of agreement were -0.07-0.18 (single versus pooled UPC), -0.06-0.16 (single versus average UPC), and -0.06-0.04 (pooled versus average UPC). For dogs with UPC ≤4, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement were -0.42-0.82 (single versus pooled UPC), -0.38-0.76 (single versus average UPC), and -0.27-0.25 (pooled versus average UPC). For dogs with UPC >4, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement were -0.17-2.4 (single versus pooled UPC), -0.40-2.2 (single versus average UPC), and -0.85-0.43 (pooled versus average UPC). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: UPC ratios from all methods were comparable in PLN dogs receiving medical treatment. In PLN dogs with UPC >4, more variability between methods exists likely because of higher in-hospital results, but whether this finding is clinically relevant is unknown.
Asunto(s)
Creatinina/orina , Enfermedades de los Perros/orina , Proteinuria/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Proteínas , Proteinuria/terapia , Proteinuria/orinaRESUMEN
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive disease in which homozygosity for a single point mutation in the gene encoding the ß-globin chain produces hemoglobin S molecules that polymerize within the erythrocyte during deoxygenation; the result is sustained hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusive events. As patients live to adulthood, the chronic impact of sustained hemolytic anemia and episodic vaso-occlusive episodes leads to progressive end-organ complications. This scenario culminates in the development of 1 or more major cardiovascular complications of SCD for which there are no approved or consensus therapies. These complications include elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular diastolic heart disease, dysrhythmia, sudden death, and chronic kidney disease with associated proteinuria, microalbuminuria, and hemoglobinuria. In patients with advancing age, cardiopulmonary organ dysfunction and chronic kidney injury have significant effects on morbidity and premature mortality. Over the last 15 years, a number of tests have been validated in multiple replicate cohort studies that identify patients with SCD at the highest risk of experiencing pulmonary and systemic vasculopathy and death, providing for screening strategies tied to targeted, more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.